Qib kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool: yam ntxwv thiab txhais ntawm qib

2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:26

Feem ntau, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 5-6 xyoos, nrog kev loj hlob ib txwm, tus menyuam kawm tiav cov lus hais tag nrho, masters qib ntawm kab lus nyuaj. Los ntawm lub hnub nyoog no, tus me nyuam twb muaj cov ntsiab lus voluminous, nws yooj yim siv cov qauv ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv, cov lus, cov lus tsim, thiab tsis muaj teeb meem nrog kev tsim cov suab. Tab sis ua ntej ntawd, tus me nyuam mus dhau ntau theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus.

4 theem ntawm kev txhim kho kev hais lus hauv cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschools

Yuav siv sij hawm ib pliag kom tus menyuam hais lus. Maj mam, rau siab ntso, nws yuav tsum paub cov theem ntawm kev paub lus nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm phonetics, qauv sau ntawv, cov lus thiab lo lus tsim. Cov theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam yaus tau piav qhia thiab kawm los ntawm ntau tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev qhia lus, kev hais lus thiab kev kho hais lus. Piv txwv li, xibfwb T. B. Filicheva tau txheeb xyuas 4 theem ntawm kev txhim kho kev hais lus.

• 1qib - mus txog 2-3 xyoos,
• 2 qib - txij 2-3 txog 4 xyoos,
• 3 qib - txij li 4 txog 5 xyoos,
• 4 qib - txij 5 txog 6 (7) xyoo.

Lawv piav qhia luv luv yog muab rau hauv cov lus hauv qab no.

hnub nyoog	Vocabulary	Qib kev txhim kho kev hais lus
mus txog 2-3 xyoos	mus txog 500-800 lo lus	Speech is babble, feem ntau gestures thiab lub ntsej muag qhia hloov lo lus. Distortion ntawm cov lus nrog kev tso tseg ntawm ntau lub suab, hloov thiab rov kho cov suab thiab cov suab. Cov lus hais tsis muaj zog.
3-4 xyoos	mus txog 1900 lo lus	Kev hais lus yog qhov xwm txheej, kab lus yooj yim. Ib feem ntawm kev hais lus: nouns, verbs, pronouns. Tsis hais suab nrov, muaj teeb meem G, K. Nyuaj, xuav thiab nws tuaj yeem softened.
4-5 xyoos	2000-2500 lus	Pib siv cov lus qhia kom nquag plias. Composes rhymes thiab consonant lus. Txaus siab rau lub suab hais lus. Ntse siv cov ntsiab lus ncaj qha ntawm cov lus. Siv cov lus xaus rau hauv cov lus tsim. Siv kev sib txuas, suav nrog cov neeg hauv qab. Muaj peev xwm nthuav qhia qhov zoo thiab qhov sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom, qhov tshwm sim thiab kev ua. Cov qauv lus ntawm lo lus pib pom ntawm pob ntseg. Lub suab hais meej meej, nrog me ntsis distortion - R.
5-6 (7) xyoo	4000 lus	Speech yog coherent thiab nthuav dav, siv cov kab lus nyuaj. Declension, hloov hauvlub sij hawm, yug, cov zauv txuas ntxiv mus. Cov qauv lus yog deciphered visually. Kev hais lus yog tsim kom raug grammatically thiab hauv lub ntsiab lus. Pib nkag siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus. Suab hais kom raug.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm theem kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus tuaj yeem pab txiav txim siab theem ntawm kev tau txais lus los ntawm tus menyuam. Txhua qib sib raug rau qee lub hnub nyoog ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws nrog rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev nkag siab ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig. Tom qab tag nrho, lub ntiaj teb sab hauv ntawm tus menyuam yog sib cais los ntawm nws cov lus. Cov theem ntawm kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool muaj cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no.

1 theem ntawm kev txhim kho kev hais lus: yam ntxwv ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws

Cov menyuam yaus ntawm qib 1 ntawm kev hais lus kev loj hlob yog qhov txawv ntawm lawv txoj kev xav ntawm lub ntiaj teb, lawv tseem tsis tau muaj laj thawj, thiab lawv cov lus hais yog qhov xwm txheej. Tus me nyuam yau, qhov ntau nws nyeem cov lus teb rau lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv nws cov mimic, piav tes piav taw thiab lub suab hais lus nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias yog tias ib tug neeg laus poob ib qho khoom ua si, tsa nws ob txhais tes rau ntawm lub puab tsaig thiab qw tias "Au, kuv poob!", ces nyob rau tib lub sijhawm tus menyuam yuav ua thiab hais ib yam. Tab sis yog tias tsis yog ib qho khoom poob ntawm ob txhais tes, tab sis ib tug neeg, ces tus me nyuam yuav tsis hnov tsw tib yam - qhov no yog qhov txawv rau tus menyuam.

qauv sau ntawv, cov lus hais ntawm qib 1

Rau kev sib tham, cov menyuam yaus ntawm qib no siv onomatopoeia txhawb nqa los ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab ua haujlwm ntawm tes, babbling thiab vague kab lus tsim los ntawm nws lub hauv paus, nrog kev hais lus tsis zoo. Kuj nyuaj rau pom:

• qebelementary prepositions (nrog, hauv qab, ua ntej…);
• grammatical sib txawv hauv plural lossis tus lej;
• sib txawv (khiav - khiav - khiav);
• verb tense (does, will do, did);
• degrees ntawm kev sib piv ntawm adjective (muaj zog - muaj zog tshaj).

thawj theem yog deb ntawm kev nkag siab ntawm cov qauv lus ntawm lo lus. Cov menyuam yaus ntawm qib 1 hais lus yog tus cwj pwm me me ntawm cov lus niaj hnub, hais lus tsis txaus ntseeg, raug txiav. Piv txwv li: "amot" - hippopotamus, "iska" - ib tug hare. Koj tuaj yeem hnov cov lus uas tsis muaj nyob hauv cov menyuam yaus ntawm theem pib hais lus - cov npe ntawm qee yam khoom, kev xav, kev ua. Piv txwv li: "abuki" - khau. Cov lus zoo li no tuaj yeem txhais tau ntau yam khoom. Piv txwv li: "kesya" - khoom qab zib, qab zib, zib mu, nyiam dais, lom zem. Ntawm no lo lus "kesya" txhais tau hais tias ob qho tib si "khoom qab zib" thiab qhov uas muaj kev sib txuas nrog nws los ntawm cov koom haum ntawm cov khoom zoo: qab zib, qab, nqa kev xyiv fab, lub xeev ntawm kev txaus siab.

Cov me nyuam nyob rau theem no tsis txhob siv morphological phenomena los tsim cov qauv sau ntawv. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias "cov lus" muaj cov lus hauv paus yam tsis muaj kev siv ua ntej, cov lus xaus thiab xaus nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Xws li "cov lus" tuaj yeem nkag siab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib qho xwm txheej, uas tus me nyuam sim piav qhia nrog cov lus tsis txaus nrog kev piav tes piav taw, lub ntsej muag, exclamations, onomatopoeia.

Level 1 Speech Development Tips

Hauv qhov no, tsis tas yuav kho. Qib 1 siv tau mus txog 3 xyoos. Txog thaum muaj peb xyoos, ib tug me nyuamkev ua neej nyob tsis muaj kev nplua nuj, nws tseem tsis tau muaj lub siab xav saib ntau yam tshwm sim ntawm lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig. Tias yog vim li cas nws thiaj li yuav tsum tau tham ntau ntxiv nrog tus menyuam, hais cov npe ntawm cov khoom, lub xeev ntawm xwm thiab tus txiv neej, sim tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov lus. Cia tus me nyuam mos tam sim ntawd paub qhov tseeb, tab sis nws yuav nco ntsoov nws.

2nd theem ntawm kev txhim kho kev hais lus, yam ntxwv ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws

Cov menyuam yaus pib siv lus sib txuas lus nrog lawv cov phooj ywg. Nrog cov neeg laus, kev sib tham pib nrog lub hom phiaj kev paub, thiab cov menyuam yaus sim thiab xav kom nkag siab, thiab cov neeg laus sim ua raws li ntau hom lus thaum teb cov lus nug. Nrog cov phooj ywg, kev sib tham tau tsim txawv. Cov menyuam yaus qhia txhua yam khoom, tshwm sim, kev ua thiab qhia lawv cov kev xav txog qhov teeb meem no. Thiab lawv tsis quav ntsej txog kev nkag siab. Thaum lub hnub nyoog no, qhov uas tus menyuam hais rau tus menyuam yog los ntawm lub neej ntawd pom tias tau hnov thiab nkag siab. Kev sib tham tuaj yeem ua nyob rau hauv ntau hom, nyob ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm tus interlocutor. Nws tuaj yeem yog ib qho kev ua si, kev piav qhia lossis kev xav tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus menyuam feem ntau nrog hais lus ib yam ntawm nws qhov kev ua. Nyob rau theem thib peb ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, ntau thiab ntau cov lus ntawm nquag thiab passive Tshuag tshwm nyob rau hauv tus me nyuam txoj kev hais lus, lub rudiments ntawm kev nkag siab lub grammatical zog ntawm cov lus txuas ntxiv mus.

qauv sau ntawv, phonetics thiab lo lus tsim ntawm qib 2

Cov lus ntawm qib 2 ntawm kev hais lus nce ntxiv. Muaj ntau thiab ntau txoj hauv kev sib txuas lus. Ua suab nrovheev distorted, grammatical cov ntaub ntawv tsis meej. Tus me nyuam masters tsim nrog kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub suab lus kawg zoo dua. Kev hais lus txhais tau hais tias nyob rau theem no dhau los ua qhov ruaj khov. Cov lus twb tshwm sim uas qhia tsis tau tsuas yog cov khoom, kev ua, tab sis kuj lawv cov khoom (dawb, ceev, zoo nkauj). Tseem tsis tau muaj qhov ntim loj ntawm cov lus qhia txog xim, duab, qhov loj, yog li cov menyuam yaus feem ntau sim hloov lawv nrog cov lus paub. Piv txwv li: es tsis txhob "lub pob loj" - "lub voj voog rau saum ntuj." Phrasal hais lus nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb yog twb tshwm sim.

Tus me nyuam nthuav cov lus nquag (cov lus siv hauv kev hais lus txhua hnub) thiab tsis muaj zog (ib pawg lus uas tus menyuam paub). Nyob rau theem thib ob ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, tus me nyuam twb pib nkag siab cov ntaub ntawv grammatical, tsis yog ib txwm ua tiav kev sim ntawm declension nyob rau hauv rooj plaub (nouns, adjectives) thiab tenses (verbs). Kev hloov pauv ntawm grammatical ntawm daim ntawv los ntawm tus me nyuam tseem tsis tau pom tias yog vim li cas rau kev hloov pauv ntawm semantic, thiab yog li kev tsim tsis ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev hais lus tsim ntawm tus menyuam ntawm theem no. Piv txwv li: es tsis txhob "tus miv taug kev ntawm txoj kev" - "tus miv tau taug kev ntawm txoj kev." Prepositions nyob rau theem no feem ntau siv erroneously, nrog semantic hloov. Piv txwv li: es tsis txhob "nce hauv qab rooj" - "nce toj rau hauv lub rooj." Cov koom haum thiab cov khoom siv tau xyaum tsis siv.

Kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam yaus ntawm theem 2 ntawm kev txhim kho kev hais lus tseem nyob deb ntawm qhov raug. Cov suab mos yog tsis meej pem nrog nyuaj, lag ntseg nrog voiced. Tsis zoo hais lus hissing, sonorous, whistling. Piv txwv li: "Zoya" - "soy", "cat" - "koska", "ntoo" - "deevo". Feem ntau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov lus hauv cov lus: "monocle" - "nomocle","Birch" - "yaj". Tsis tas li ntawd, cov lus sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem ua txhaum tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim thiab zoo ntawm kev yug me nyuam, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv kom muaj nuj nqis. Piv txwv li: "gate" - "orota", "towel" - "pot".

Kev txhawb nqa menyuam yaus ntawm qib 2 ntawm kev txhim kho kev hais lus

Qib no yog ib qho zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam hnub nyoog 2-4 xyoos. Lub sijhawm no yog qhov zoo rau kev ntxiv cov lus thiab txhim kho lub peev xwm los tsim cov kab lus. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas tus me nyuam hnov grammatically thiab phonetically hais lus raug. Koj yuav tsum tau nyeem cov paj huam thiab cov dab neeg nrog nws, sim ua kom nco qab cov dab neeg ntawm cov duab hauv phau ntawv, thiab tib lub sijhawm nco ntsoov qhia cov npe uas tsim nyog hauv cov ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li: tsis yog "tus nas khiav hauv" - "tus nas grey khiav hauv", "tus nas me". Koj tuaj yeem piav qhia tam sim ntawd "norushka", vim tias nws nyob hauv mink, nws yuav yooj yim rau nco qab lo lus tshiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tus menyuam hais tias "tus miv tau khiav", nws tuaj yeem piav qhia tias tus miv yog ib tug ntxhais, yog li nws "khiav hauv". Nyob rau theem no, tus me nyuam ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov masters lub grammatical essence ntawm kev hais lus, yog li nws xav tau unobtrusive prompts nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev siv tsis raug cov ntaub ntawv lo lus, kev nyuaj siab.

qib 3 ntawm kev txhim kho kev hais lus: kev puas siab puas ntsws

Qib no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ywj pheej ntau dua ntawm kev txiav txim. Ib tug me nyuam hnub nyoog 4-5 xyoos tseem tau txais kev paub txog lub ntiaj teb sab nraud. Nws tseem nug cov lus nug rau ib tug neeg laus, tab sis tam sim no nws yuav tsum tau qhia nws cov lus txiav txim txog lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig nws. Thaum xav txog, tus menyuam tos tus neeg laus cov lus teb rau nws qhov kev txiav txim, sim ua li noyuav txiav txim siab li cas tiag. Nyob rau theem thib peb ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, kev sib dhos yog pom, sim sau cov kab lus melodic, ib zaj dab neeg luv luv los ntawm cov kab lus yooj yim. Tus me nyuam tau nkag siab ntau dua rau qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm cov lus muaj peev xwm nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw hauv lub neej.

qauv sau ntawv, xov tooj, lus tsim, cov ntsiab lus semantic ntawm qib 3

Cov lus ntawm tus me nyuam nyob rau theem 3 ntawm kev hais lus kev loj hlob ntxiv, nws twb suav nrog cov lus uas lub npe zoo ntawm cov khoom, kev ua thiab tshwm sim. Nyob rau theem no, txhua feem ntawm kev hais lus tuaj yeem taug qab ntawm cov menyuam hais lus, tab sis qee zaum lawv lub luag haujlwm tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Tus me nyuam qhia nws tus kheej hauv kab lus, qee zaum txawm tias nyuaj, yog tias qeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib txuas thiab cov lus sib koom ua ke tau paub. Yog tias tsis yog, thaum koj sim qhia koj tus kheej hauv kab lus nyuaj nrog kev sib raug zoo, koj tau txais kev tsim kho zoo sib xws: "Kuv tsis tau kos, … Kuv poob kuv xaum."

Kev nyuaj ntawm theem no tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov lus thiab cov lus tsim. Tab sis lub tense qeb ntawm cov lus qhia, cov ntaub ntawv hloov ntawm nouns, adjectives thiab cov zauv twb paub lawm. Pawg ntawm poj niam txiv neej tau paub zoo, tab sis cov teeb meem yuav tshwm sim yog tias koj tsis paub tias poj niam txiv neej ib lo lus twg yog. Piv txwv li: "Hnub no kuv tau pom zoo li cua daj cua dub zoo nkauj, nws ncig, ncig!". Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom qhov tsis paub ntawm hom lo lus "blizzard". Accent yuam kev tseem muaj. Piv txwv li: "dej dej."

Lub sijhawm no, tseem yuav muaj teeb meem nrog kev hais tawm ntawm tus kheej lub suab (hissing, sonorous, whistling). Syllabic faib tau lees paub los ntawm pob ntseg los ntawm ntau tus menyuam yaus, tab sis tsuas yog raws li qhov kev xav tsis zoodivision of lo lus.

Ib tug me nyuam twb tuaj yeem tsim cov dab neeg los ntawm daim duab nrog cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm qhov zoo, qhov zoo, qhov loj me, xim ntawm cov khoom.

Qib 3 kev txhim kho hom lus

Ib tug me nyuam nyob rau theem no feem ntau muaj peev xwm mloog tau cov lus luv luv ntawm cov menyuam yaus cov ntaub ntawv, dab neeg, paj huam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov menyuam yaus 4-5 xyoos twb nyiam rov hais dua qhov uas ib tug neeg tau nyeem nrov nrov. Kev nyeem ntawv yuav pab txhawb cov lus thiab kawm cov algorithm rau kev tsim kho cov kab lus thiab kab lus kom raug. Retelling, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm cov duab, twb yog ib qho kev sim siv grammatical, derivational thiab lexical cov qauv hauv kev xyaum.

Kev tsim cov paj huam nrog ob lossis plaub lub suab sib dhos, kev sib tham ua lub luag haujlwm sawv cev ntawm cov khoom ua si lossis cov cim tsis tseeb - tag nrho cov no yuav pab tus menyuam paub yuav ua li cas hais lus nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Txhawm rau ua kom tiav kev faib cov lus raws li ib lossis ntau qhov nta, ua haujlwm nrog daim npav qhia txog tsiaj, khoom, rooj tog, khoom, caij yuav pab.

Rau qhov kev paub zoo dua ntawm sab morphological ntawm cov lus, tus menyuam yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo mloog rau qhov xaus nrog poj niam txiv neej, rooj plaub, nruj. Ua kom pom tseeb tias muaj qee qhov ntawm cov lus uas ua haujlwm los tsim ntau lo lus.

Ntawm theem 3, koj tuaj yeem nkag tau yooj yim tus nplaig twisters. Lub sij hawm tus nplaig twister yuav los ntawm theem 4.

4 theem ntawm kev txhim kho kev hais lus: kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm kev nkag siab

Qib no feem ntau poob rau 5-6 xyoo. Tus menyuam tab tom npaj mus kawm ntawv. Nws cuam tshuam ntau nrog cov phooj ywg. Muaj peev xwm nqa nrog kev sib tham nrog tus neeg laus, nrognyiam qhia dab neeg los ntawm kev nco. Pib sim nyeem thiab sau. Nws nyiam kom muaj nws tus kheej xav thiab sim tiv thaiv nws tsis yog nrog kev ntxhov siab, tab sis kuj nrog kev sib cav.

qauv sau ntawv, xov tooj, Vocabulary Theem 4

Cov kev txiav txim ntawm tus menyuam ntawm qib 4 ntawm kev txhim kho kev hais lus yog qhov laj thawj thiab ua rau cov kab lus nyuaj. Grammatical kev tsim kho yog sib haum xeeb, tab sis qee zaum muaj distortions. Tus me nyuam siv txhua qhov ntawm kev hais lus, tsis paub meej txog lawv lub hom phiaj, tus tswv declension, hloov pauv ntawm tus lej, poj niam txiv neej, tenses zoo heev hauv kev xyaum hais lus, pib siv qib kev sib piv.

Lub suab kaw kuj tseem tsis zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum hloov cov hniav mis. Kev hais lus twb sib haum xeeb heev, tab sis tej zaum yuav muaj kev hais lus tsis meej ntawm lub suab, vim tias qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tsis meej ntawm lo lus tau lees paub.

Syllabic division yog twb pom qhov muag pom, uas qhia tau hais tias tus me nyuam txoj kev npaj yuav pib mastering lub phonetic hauv paus ntawm cov lus.

Me nyuam kawm tau ntau lo lus tshiab, feem ntau sim twv lawv lub ntsiab lus los ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Yog li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus semantic ntawm lo lus tsis yog tag nrho, uas tom qab ntawd yuav pom tseeb thaum tsim ib tus kheej cov lus siv cov lus no. Piv txwv li: "Lub dav hlau tau tawm mus rau saum ntuj thiab ya mus rau lub hli!" Tus me nyuam tsuas kawm tau tias lub dav hlau ya, tab sis tsis paub tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov khoom.

Kawm nrog me nyuam nyob qib 4 hais lus

Nyob rau theem plaub ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus, tus me nyuam cov lus tau hloov pauv sai. Qhov no yog vim kev nthuav dav ntawm kev sib txuas lus thiab kev tsim cov haujlwm tshiab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau lub sijhawm no los piav qhia lub ntsiab lus tseeb ntawm cov lus tshiab. Cov chav kawm nrog phau ntawv txhais lus piav qhia yuav tsis cuam tshuam. Cov theem no kaw cov theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool, yog li txhua qhov chaw ntawm cov lus yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm rau nws ntau npaum li qhov ua tau.

ONR txhais li cas

Yog hais tias kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam nyob rau hauv ib lub hnub nyoog tsis sib haum mus rau lub piav qhia theem, ces nws yog xam tias nws muaj OHP - ib tug general underdevelopment ntawm kev hais lus. Cov laj thawj yuav txawv:

1. Kev hais lus tsis raug rau cov neeg nyob ze tus menyuam.
2. Kev puas siab puas ntsws lossis kev nyab xeeb hauv tsev neeg.
3. Kev noj qab haus huv ntawm menyuam yaus, kab mob hauv lub cev.
4. mob taub hau bruises tom qab tsis nco qab.
5. Kab mob hnyav.
6. Kev tsis raug cai los yog tau txais cov qauv ntawm lub tshuab hais lus.
7. Kev yug los lossis kis tau qhov tsis zoo hauv kev hnov lus thiab kev txawj ntse.

Yog tias hnov lus, kev txawj ntse hauv lub cev thiab lub tshuab hais lus tsis zoo, ces OHP tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm sai heev, tab sis txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum muaj kev pab los ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb: tus kws kho hais lus, kws kho mob hlwb, kws kho hlwb, qee zaum tus kws kho hniav lossis xib fwb qhia kev hais lus.

Cov tsev kawm tshwj xeeb tau teeb tsa rau cov menyuam yaus uas hais lus qeeb qeeb. Lawv yog cov kev kawm dav dav, tab sis nrog cov kev kawm tshwj xeeb rau kev txhim kho kev hais lus hauv cov menyuam yaus nrog OHP.

Qhov tseeb, kev faib cov theem uas tau muab rau hauv kab lusthawj zaug qhia txog theem kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj OHP (kev hais lus tsis zoo). Tab sis nws tuaj yeem siv tau zoo rau kev ua tus cwj pwm ntawm kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam yaus nrog kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus raws sijhawm. Qhov txawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog. Cov menyuam yaus uas txawj ntse txhua qib thaum muaj hnub nyoog 5-6 xyoos, tab sis cov menyuam uas muaj DSD hnyav heev yuav tau mus txog qib 4 ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv chav kawm theem nrab.

Kev faib cov qib, tau kawg, tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tag nrho cov duab ntawm kev txhim kho kev hais lus. Muaj cov kev xeem tshwj xeeb los txiav txim siab txog qib kev hais lus.