2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:34
Maria Montessori tau qhia rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv thiab cov kws paub txog kev puas siab puas ntsws lub tswv yim ntawm kev npaj ib puag ncig, qhov twg kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam tshwm sim vim nws cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam khoom, lub hom phiaj yog los txhim kho qee yam kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb. tus me nyuam. Ib tug neeg laus nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no ua tus pab thiab xyuas kom meej qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv didactic puag ncig los ntawm crumbs. Tus menyuam nws tus kheej txiav txim siab seb nws yuav ua dab tsi thiab nws yuav xaiv yam twg rau lub sijhawm no.
Txij li cov khoom tshiab thiab tshiab yuav tsum tau tas li, thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom ua si npaj ua tiav yog siab heev, ntau tus kws qhia ntawv thiab cov niam txiv nyiam ua cov khoom Montessori nrog lawv tus kheej tes, siv txhua yam hauv tsev: ntaub, nyees khawm, cereals, cardboard, thiab lwm yam. e.
Txhua tus niam ua tau dab tsi?
Qhov xav tau tseem ceeb rau txhua yam ntawm cov khoom ua si yav tom ntej yog nws lub hauv paus chiv keeb, kev huv huv thiab kev nyab xeeb rau menyuam yaus.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj ua Montessori cov ntaub ntawv nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes? Kev sib thaminventive cov neeg laus ntawm cov khoom ua vaj tse uas koj tuaj yeem tsim ntawm koj tus kheej, coj mus rau cov npe ntawm cov khoom ua si uas siv tau tshaj plaws, yooj yim thiab muaj txiaj ntsig kev kawm. Yog li, ntawm no yog TOP 7.
In-frame frames
Insert thav ntawv yog cov khoom siv Montessori nrov tshaj plaws. Nrog lawv tus kheej tes lawv feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cardboard. Frames-inserts yog multifunctional - nrog lawv cov kev pab, tus me nyuam ib txhij kawm cov xim, duab, qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab kawm los sib piv lawv. Ua ib qho khoom ua si no pib nrog txiav ib daim ntawv loj ntawm cardboard los yog ob peb lub thawv khau rau hauv vaj huam sib luag. Tom qab ntawd, lawv muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv xim thiab ua tib zoo txiav tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm daim duab nrog ib rab riam: lub voj voog, squares, daim duab peb sab, trapezoids, rhombuses, thiab lwm yam.
Ntxiv mus, cov ntxig ntawm qhov sib txawv ntxoov ntxoo yog ua tib yam, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas lub pob lossis lwm yam khoom siv tau muab tso rau kom yooj yim tuav ntawm cov menyuam ntiv tes. Cov npoo ntawm cov duab los qhia yog ntxuav nrog cov ntawv xuab zeb zoo kom lawv haum rau ib leeg yooj yim dua.
Geometric
Geometric yog ib qho me me zoo, ua si uas tus menyuam npaj txhij siv sijhawm ntau tshaj li ib teev. Nyob rau hauv thawj, nws muaj ib tug board thiab pins. Thaum tsim cov khoom zoo sib xws ntawm Montessori nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, es tsis txhob ntawm cov ntoo chopsticks, koj tuaj yeem siv pushpins nrog lub taub hau sib txawv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tsav lawv mus rau hauv lub rooj tsavxwm nrog rauj kom cov tub ntxhais hluas naturalist tsis tuaj yeem rub cov ntsiab lus tawm ntawm lub hauv paus. Ntawm qhov dav yas ntawm cov menyuam nyees khawmcatches rubber bands (cov uas yog tsim los rau fastening nqi los ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm hauv txhab nyiaj thiab muaj xim sib txawv yog haum), ua kab, duab thiab tag nrho cov duab.
Sensory mat
Cov ntaub pua plag yuav dhau los ua koj tus menyuam nyiam ua si, vim nws zoo heev los zaum ntawm nws, pw, npaj cov khoom ua si, thiab nws kuj muaj ntau qhov xav tsis thoob. Qhov no didactic cov ntaub ntawv rau kev siv ntawm Montessori txoj kev yuav ua tau tiag tiag los ntawm txhua yam. Tib yam uas txwv koj yog koj tus kheej txoj kev xav. Qhov loj, xim, kos duab, tsim cov khoom xws li cov nyees khawm, zippers, hooks, hnab ris tuaj yeem yog txhua yam. Rau kev xaws xws li ntaub pua tsev, txhua yam uas nteg nyob rau hauv lub wardrobe nyob rau hauv kev cia siab ntawm lub sij hawm zoo yog haum: ntaub txiav, qub khaub ncaws, accessories, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov ntsiab lus muaj qhov sib txawv: cov paj rwb thiab ntaub plaub hloov pauv, du thiab ntxhib, sewn thiab knitted. Hauv qab lub applique, koj tuaj yeem nkaum ib lub hnab yas rustling, squeaker, ib txhais tes ntawm cereals lossis hlaws dai.
Tus kws qhia xim
Txhua yam khoom yuav ua lub simulator rau kev kawm xim - los ntawm cov khob ntoo, cov thawv yas ntawm ib qho ntxoov ntxoo rau lub voj voog lossis cov duab ua los ntawm cov duab los qhia. Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los ua ib qho cuab yeej rau kev xaiv yog clothespins. Lawv tuaj yeem yog yas, ntawm qee yam xim, lossis ntoo nrog cov ntawv nplaum. Cov ntawv nplaum hauv lawv cov xim yuav tsum rov ua daim duab (muaj peev xwm).
Tus menyuam caij tsheb tib lub sijhawmlub zeem muag, lub hlwb kev ua haujlwm thiab kev txawj tsav tsheb zoo, nrhiav qhov chaw zoo rau txhua tus khaub ncaws. Nov yog lwm qhov xwm txheej uas ua-nws-koj tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv Montessori tsis muaj kev qis dua rau cov khw yuav khoom.
Lacing board
Txawm tias nws lub npe, lub lacing board tsis tas yuav yog ib daim ntoo. Yog tias tsis tuaj yeem txiav cov duab plywood, ces ib daim ua los ntawm cov ntawv tuab tuab yuav ua. Rau kev ua haujlwm ntev, nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab nws nrog ib zaj duab xis. Lub qhov yog khob tawm hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm nrog lub cuab yeej ntse, uas tus menyuam tuaj yeem ncav cuag lub lace yooj yim.
Lub rooj tsavxwm tuaj yeem muaj txhua yam - los ntawm ze rau qhov muaj tiag (piv txwv li, khau) mus rau cov tsev fuabtais, tsiaj lossis tsheb. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los npaj cov laces, lawv qhov kawg yog qhov yooj yim rau kev ntxig rau hauv qhov.
nab
Sensory nab, lossis kab ntsig, kuj yog cov khoom siv Montessori. Koj tuaj yeem ua cov khoom ua si zoo li no nrog koj tus kheej tes hauv ob peb teev. Txhua yam koj xav tau yog daim ntawm ntau yam ntaub thiab cov khoom siv los sau cov balloons. Cov cereals (millet, taum, mov, peas, thiab lwm yam), ua npuas ncauj roj hmab los yog batting, crumpled ntawv los yog yas qhwv. Koj tuaj yeem xav txog lwm cov fillers uas nthuav rau qhov kov.
Qhov kev xaiv yooj yim tshaj plaws yog ua nab cov ntsiab lus los ntawm cov laus, poob lawv ob khub ntawm cov menyuam thom khwm. Lawv muaj cov xim ci thiab cov qauv, thiab cov khoom ua si sib dhos yuav zoo nkauj heev.
Cov neeg uas paub yuav ua li cas xaws pob los ntawm fabrics ntawm txawv textures, thiab decorate lub taub hau nrog ob lub qhov muag thiab luag.
Soft pyramid
Lub pyramid muaj cov ntaub qhwv los yog cov ntaub qhwv ntawm qhov sib txawv. Lawv txuas nrog Velcro.
Txawm hais tias qhov zoo li qhov yooj yim, qhov no kuj yog cov ntaub ntawv kawm Montessori tiag. Txhua tus tswv ntawm lub tshuab xaws tau yooj yim xaws xws li lub pyramid nrog nws tus kheej tes.
Lub ntsiab lus dag ntawm cov khoom ua si yog cov ntaub qhwv muaj xim sib txawv ntawm sab qis thiab sab sauv. Cov xim sib phim nkaus xwb rau qhov chaw uas txuas rau ib leeg. Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj rau txiav tawm squares, sew lawv ua ke thiab sau lawv nrog mos muab tub lim. Velcro daim kab xev tau muab faib ua ntu uas txuas rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm txhua qhov. Lub hauv ncoo hauv qab rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub pyramid tuaj yeem sau nrog qee yam hnyav, xws li buckwheat lossis pearl barley.
Tau kawm paub yuav ua li cas ua Montessori phau ntawv nrog lawv tus kheej tes hauv tsev, cov niam txiv tuaj yeem nthuav dav ntau yam ntawm lawv tus menyuam cov khoom ua si kawm. Thiab txawm hais tias tus me nyuam tsis tuaj yeem siv qee yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no kom raug, los ntawm kev siv nrog lawv nws tseem kawm, kawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom, sib piv qhov hnyav thiab textures, xim thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab tsim lub hauv paus hauv nws lub taub hau rau kev kawm ntxiv.
Txoj haujlwm ntawm tus neeg laus hauv cov txheej txheem no yog los muab qhov "npaj ib puag ncig", uas txhais tau hais tias txuas ntxiv sau cov phau ntawv Montessori tas li, ua raws li cov kev nyiam ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb hluas thiab muab sijhawm rau menyuam yaus kom nkag siab txog cov kev sib txuas lus zoo. uas twb zoo li ntuj rau peb. Cov txheej txheem qhia txog kev ywj pheej siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov menyuam yaus hauv kev xaivqhov sib lawv liag ntawm cov chav kawm, qhov kev kawm thiab txoj kev sib cuam tshuam nrog nws. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov niam txiv kom nkag siab tias txoj hauv kev no rau kev kawm thaum ntxov yog qhov tsim nyog thiab zoo tshaj plaws. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, cov txwj laus zoo li no txhawb nqa menyuam txoj kev ntseeg rau nws tus kheej, thiab qhov no ua rau nws lub neej yav tom ntej tag nrho.
Pom zoo:
Kev txhawb nqa ntawm tus neeg laus: cov xwm txheej ntawm kev txhawb nqa, cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog, daim ntawv cog lus nrog cov piv txwv, cov cai thiab cov luag haujlwm ntawm tus saib xyuas
Ntau tus neeg, vim muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub cev, tsis tuaj yeem ua lawv txoj haujlwm ntawm lawv tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, lawv muaj cai tau txais kev pab hauv daim ntawv patronage. Kev ua tiav ntawm hom kev sib cog lus no muaj nws cov txheej txheem thiab cov yam ntxwv
Lub kaum tsev ua yeeb yam hauv qib kindergarten: teem caij, tsim cov tswv yim nrog cov duab, khoom siv nrog cov khoom ua si thiab khoom siv thiab cov menyuam yaus ua yeeb yam
Scenarios, scenery, costumes … Tag nrho cov no tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi tsis yog rau kev ua yeeb yam uas cov neeg laus tuaj koom ua kom muaj ntau yam kev lom zem. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kindergarten, ib tug ua yeeb yam ces kaum tso cai rau cov me nyuam mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm lawv nyiam fairy tales, ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm zoo thiab phem cwj pwm, thiab kawm kom xaiv txoj cai
Daim ntawv txiav cov ncuav qab zib: hom, cov duab, cov khoom siv thiab cov ntawv thov siv tau
Cov poj niam uas xav ua kom lawv tsev neeg nrog ntau yam khoom qab zib thiab curly homemade pastries tsuas ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj khoom siv khoom qab zib. Cov ntawv txiav cov ncuav qab zib yuav pab tau rau txhua tus niam tsev. Lawv tso cai rau koj kom sai thiab yooj yim muab ib yam zoo rau lub khob noom cookie. Koj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom xws li tag nrho cov teeb lossis ib tus zuj zus. Thiab yog tias koj xav surprise koj tus hlub rau qee lub hnub so, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim nrhiav cov duab thematic rau txiav ncuav qab zib
Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus kws qhia preschool raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci. Tshawb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv
Kindergarten xib fwb yog tus tseem ceeb. Tag nrho microclimate ntawm pab pawg thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm txhua tus menyuam yaus nyob ntawm nws qhov kev paub, kev txawj ntse, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, kev hlub thiab kev ntseeg ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Tab sis kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv tsis yog tsuas yog hauv kev sib txuas lus thiab kev yug me nyuam. Raws li qhov tseeb tias lub xeev cov qauv tam sim no tau muab tso rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv preschool raws li Federal State Educational Standard yog qhov tsim nyog txuas hauv kev ua haujlwm
Yuav pib phau ntawv teev tus kheej li cas? Thawj nplooj ntawv ntawm tus kheej phau ntawv teev npe. Cov tswv yim rau ib daim ntawv teev tus kheej rau cov ntxhais
Npaj rau cov ntxhais uas xav khaws cia rau tus kheej. Yuav pib li cas, yuav sau dab tsi? Cov cai rau kev tsim thawj nplooj ntawv ntawm lub chaw muag mis nyuj thiab lub hau npog. Tsim cov tswv yim thiab piv txwv. Ib qho kev xaiv ntawm cov duab kos rau kev tsim ntawm tus kheej lub chaw muag mis nyuj
