2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:40
Plaub-legged phooj ywg yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub neej. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau xav txog tias tib neeg yuav nyob li cas yam tsis muaj tus pab ncaj ncees. Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov dev yog ib lo lus nug uas tseem tsis tau muaj lus teb meej. Muaj ntau ntau ntawm cov qauv, ntau tshaj li ib txhiab qhov kev sim thiab kev kuaj mob tau ua tiav, tab sis cov lus nug tseem qhib. Cia peb sim nkag siab txog cov kev xav uas twb muaj lawm thiab nrhiav seb yog vim li cas thiaj muaj ntau qhov zais cia nyob ib puag ncig ntawm peb cov phooj ywg plaub-legged.
Evolutionary theory
Aub yog ib tug tsiaj uas muaj tsiaj txhu nyob hauv tsev neeg canine. Raws li evolutionary txoj kev xav, nyob rau hauv thawj lub sij hawm ntawm lub Paleogene lub sij hawm - lub Paleocene (kwv yees li 50 lab lub xyoo dhau los), twb muaj ib tug detachment ntawm carnivores, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, tau muab faib ua ob suborders: miv-zoo li thiab canine. Ib tug ntawm cov thawj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub thib ob suborder yog suav hais tias xws li ib tug tsiaj li progesterocion. Ua tib zoo kawm nwsCov pob txha pob txha, peb tuaj yeem xaus tias nws zoo li tus dev: lub qhov ncauj dav, lub ntsej muag ntse, siab paws, lub cev ntev. Sij hawm dhau mus, tus kab mob no tau muab faib ua peb pawg ntxiv.
thawj pab pawg suav nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm progesperocion, thib ob - tsev neeg ntawm borophages, thiab thib peb - hma. Nws yog tsev neeg kawg thiab keeb kwm ntawm cov dev uas muaj kev sib raug zoo, vim hais tias, raws li evolutionary txoj kev xav, peb cov phooj ywg plaub-legged nqis los ntawm hma.
Character Darwin's Assumptions
Charcoal Darwin txoj kev mus ncig ntawm lub nkoj "Beagle" tso cai rau nws mus rau ntau lub tebchaws. Nws, zoo li tsis muaj leej twg, tau kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm cov dev thiab sim nrhiav qhov tseeb. Charles Darwin tau tsim ib qho kev nthuav qauv, uas muaj nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias dev yug nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw zoo sib xws heev nyob rau hauv lawv cov sab nrauv nta rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Wolves genus nyob rau ntawd. Yog li, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam, ib tug dog dig dog dig zoo li hma nyob rau hauv tib lub cheeb tsam, thiab nyob rau hauv lwm yam - rau jackals. Cov dev yug tsiaj zoo ib yam li cov tsiaj nyeg hauv zos tiag tiag nyob hauv ntau thaj chaw.
Yog li, qee cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias keeb kwm ntawm dev yog vim qhov tseeb tias, ua ib feem ntawm kev tswj tsis tau yug me nyuam, ntau yam tsiaj raug hla: hma, hma, jackals, coyotes (vim txhua tus neeg sawv cev muaj 39 khub ntawm chromosomes, lawv yeej muaj ib tiam hybrid). Yog li ntawd, txhua tus tsiaj muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws nrog ib lossis lwm hom, tab sis tib lub sijhawm sib txawv heev. Los ntawm nws. Tseeb tiag, qee tus tsiaj zoo ib yam li hma, thiab qee qhov rau jackals. Thiab yog tias peb ntxiv kev xaiv thiab kev xaiv khoom tsim rau qhov no, tej zaum lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov dev yug me nyuam yog kev cob cog rua nrog kev hla ntawm cov tsiaj ntawm tib tsev neeg.
Lwm qhov kev xav
Txawm hais tias tus dev tseem nyob ntawm hom Wolves, qee cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias nws tau nqis los ntawm "proto-dog". Tej zaum 30-40 lab xyoo dhau los muaj lwm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg, uas yog tus progenitor ntawm cov dev hauv tsev. Muaj pov thawj tias qhov seem ntawm cov tsiaj qub qub zoo ib yam li dev tau pom nyob rau hauv kev khawb. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj lub hauv paus kev tshawb fawb thiab pov thawj rau qhov kev xav no.
Canine phenotype thiab dev yug
Raws li peb twb paub lawm, keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm ntawm dev tsis tau kawm tag nrho. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj hais nrog meej meej leej twg lawv tuaj. Tab sis txawm ntau nthuav lus dag nyob rau hauv cov khoom tsim thiab kev xaiv. Muaj txog plaub puas hom dev sib txawv. Lawv txawv ntawm qhov siab, qhov hnyav, xim, zoo li pob ntseg thiab tus Tsov tus tw, thiab ntau lwm yam cim ntawm domestication.
Hom kev ua, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev yug me nyuam thiab txhim kho dev, hu ua kev yug dev. Kev xaiv xaiv yog feem ntau raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm kev yug me nyuam ntawm ib tug dev. Muaj peb txoj kev qhia: kho kom zoo nkauj, yos hav zoov thiab kev pabcuam. Muaj qee qhov kev xav tau rau txhua tus: qhov hnyav, qhov siab, lub taub hau, muzzle, qhov ntswg, thiab lwm yam.
Npaj ntaub ntawv
Ntau tshajib tug me me dev yog, ntawm chav kawm, ib tug chihuahua. Ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Boo Boo hnyav 600 grams thiab muaj qhov siab ntawm 10 centimeters. Chuhuahua yog ib tug tsiaj ntxim hlub. Lawv txaj muag heev, xav paub thiab soj ntsuam. Tab sis tus dev loj tshaj plaws (ib hom ntawm Great Dane) - Zeus, muaj qhov siab ntawm 110 cm thiab hnyav txog 70 kg. Tus dev loj no yog qhov zoo thiab ua si, tab sis tsuas yog rau cov tswv. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm hom no feem ntau raug cob qhia ua tus tiv thaiv.
Lub hauv paus ntawm lo lus "dab" kuj muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam zais cia thiab paub tsis meej. Nyob rau hauv Russia, nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 12th. Muaj ntau ntau versions txog keeb kwm ntawm lo lus no. Ib tug neeg ntseeg hais tias nws yog los ntawm Turkic "kobyak", uas txhais tau tias "tus tsiaj nyob hauv tsev." Thaum lub sij hawm, lub Slavs muab nws mus rau hauv ntau yooj yim pronounced "dub". Ib qho kev tshawb fawb ntxiv, nyiam los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb xws li Miller thiab Vasmer, yog tias lo lus "dub" los ntawm Iranian sabāka, uas txhais tau tias "ceev". Txog thaum xyoo pua 12th, tus tsiaj hu ua "dub" lossis "hort". Ntxiv mus, nws yog qhov nthuav tias "dub" tau siv rau cov dev nrog cov plaub hau tuab, tab sis "hort", ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, rau cov plaub hau du.
Pom zoo:
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Dab tau nyob ib sab ntawm tib neeg tau ntev heev uas niaj hnub no nyuaj heev los hais meej thaum cov tsiaj no tau yug los. Raws li ib tug version, qhov kev tshwm sim no tshwm sim ntau tshaj li 15 txhiab xyoo dhau los thiab txij thaum ntawd los, muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov dev tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, txawv ntawm ib leeg nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si sab nrauv thiab tus cwj pwm. Hauv kev tshaj tawm niaj hnub no, cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov dev qub qub yuav raug txiav txim siab
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