Qhia tus menyuam tham li cas: cov lus qhia thiab kev ua haujlwm

2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:46

Cov kws kho mob, kws kho hais lus thiab kws kho hlwb tau tawm tsam cov lus nug vim li cas cov menyuam yaus niaj hnub no poob qis hauv kev hais lus. Txawm tias muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm ib puag ncig, lossis kev siv ntau ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj thiab smartphones thiab saib TV yuav luag thaum yug los … Ib txoj hauv kev los yog lwm qhov, muaj teeb meem. Ntau tus menyuam yaus tab tom poob qab ntawm kev txhim kho lus. Tau kawg, kev txhim kho kev hais lus yog tus kheej, tab sis tseem muaj cov ntsiab lus kwv yees uas nws haum rau cov qauv. Qhov no yuav muab tswv yim qhia koj tus menyuam tham.

pre-speech period

Ib tug me nyuam yug los nrog thawj tus quaj. Qhov kev quaj no yuav nrov thiab tam sim ntawd, los yog nws yuav tsum tau stimulation thiab nyob ntsiag to thiab tsis muaj zog. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov cim qhia uas cov kws kho mob coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum ntsuas tus mob ntawm tus me nyuam mos ntawm Apgar nplai. Kev quaj tsis yog hais lus tsis tau, tab sis twb yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev hais lus. Tus me nyuam qhia nws txoj kev npau taws thiab nws cov kev xav tau los ntawm nws txoj kev pab, thiab cov niam txiv kawm los ntawm intonation kom paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov kev quaj ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis, mob los yog xav tau kev mloog. Feem ntau, tag nrho thawj xyoo yog lub sijhawm ua ntej hais lus. Cov suab quaj tau nce ntxiv nrog ntau qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm intonation, nrog rau lub suab nrov nrov thiab ua siab ntev ntawm kev npau taws.tus me nyuam nyob rau hauv nws "repertoire" muaj ntsiag to, softer thiab ntau varied quaj. Thiab thaum kawg, nyob ib ncig ntawm 3 lub hlis, nws pib babbling.

Humblings yog "aha"-zoo li lub suab uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog grunts. Tus me nyuam pw ntawm nws nraub qaum thiab nws yog qhov yooj yim tshaj rau nws hais cov suab uas siv lub hauv paus ntawm tus nplaig, yog li thawj lub suab zoo ib yam li cov consonants G, K, X ua ke nrog cov vowels. Qhov no yog tus yam ntxwv zoo heev, vim tias cooing tsis tuaj yeem hu ua articulate. Tom qab lub cooing, babble tshwm. Tsis yog txhua tus niam txiv tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm ib qho thiab lwm theem - lawv ua haujlwm zoo sib xws. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6 hli, cov me nyuam zaum thiab txoj hauj lwm yog qhov tsim nyog los pib siv tus nplaig thiab daim di ncauj. Suab yuav txawv dua. Thiab tus me nyuam kuj catches lub syllabic qauv ntawm cov lus los ntawm pob ntseg thiab rov hais dua syllables suab nyob rau hauv nws babble: ma-ma-ma, la-la-la. Nws, raws li nws tau, tsheb ciav hlau nyob rau hauv lawv cov lus, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ces hais thawj lo lus uas muaj lawv. Los ntawm txoj kev, ntau tus niam txiv siv cov lus sib txuas ua ke rau cov lus, tab sis tsis yog txhua tus menyuam yaus uas rov hais dua "ba-ba-ba" hu nws pog. Thaum cov suab sib txuas tsis ua rau muaj kev nkag siab. Lo lus tseem ceeb.

Nws ntseeg tias thawj lo lus tshwm sim los ntawm lub xyoo. Ib me ntsis ua ntej los yog me ntsis tom qab. Cov ntxhais me ntsis ua ntej cov tub hluas hauv kev hais lus. Cov lus no tuaj yeem yooj yim heev thiab luv luv - "muab", "niam", "dad", ntawm lawv tej zaum yuav muaj onomatopoeia - "meow", "av", lawv tuaj yeem hloov pauv ntawm cov lus "mus" - "di.”. Cov lus no tshwm sim ib ntus thiab cuam tshuam nrogxwm txheej. Yog tias ib xyoos mus rau ib xyoos thiab ib nrab nws tsuas yog hais lus xwb, thiab thawj lo lus tseem tsis tau tshwm sim, lo lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas qhia tus menyuam hais lus yuav tseem ceeb dua.

hais lus ntawm tus menyuam muaj 2 xyoos

Vaj tswv tsim thaum muaj 2 xyoos. Cov kws tshawb fawb suav txog 200 lo lus hauv cov lus ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog no. Cov menyuam yaus siv tau cov lus yooj yim los hais txog cov khoom uas paub thiab siv cov lus hu ua babble - "bye-bye", "yum-yum". Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo thib ob, thawj kab lus pib tshwm sim hauv tus menyuam hais lus. Lawv yooj yim thiab luv: "Niam, muab", "Txiv, mus!".

Yog li ntawd, yog tias txij li ob mus rau ob xyoos thiab ib nrab xyoo tus menyuam tsis pib hais thawj kab lus, peb kuj tseem hais txog kev lag luam. Yuav ua li cas qhia tus me nyuam tham thaum muaj 2 xyoos, yog tias nws tsis hais txhua, tus kws kho hais lus yuav qhia rau koj. Yog tias nws tsuas yog me ntsis tom qab, koj tuaj yeem sim txhim kho nws cov lus koj tus kheej.

hais lus ntawm tus menyuam muaj 3 xyoos

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 3 xyoos, kab lus yuav nyuaj dua, prepositions, conjunctions, qee cov ntaub ntawv, cov lus thiab ntau tshaj plaws tshwm sim hauv tus menyuam hais lus. Tau kawg, nws cov lus tseem nyob deb heev ntawm cov neeg laus, thiab ntau cov ntawv sau ntawv tseem tsis tau pom nyob hauv nws. Txawm li cas los xij, tus menyuam twb paub siv lub ntsiab lus me me (dub), siv cov lus qhia ua ntej. Piv txwv li, ntxiv rau lo lus "mus", nyob rau hauv nws cov lus tej zaum yuav muaj xws li verbs xws li "mus txog" thiab "tawm". Cov menyuam yaus feem ntau paub cov lus dav dav, piv txwv li, lub tsho, ris tsho, T-shirt yog khaub ncaws. Suab nrovtseem tsis tau raws li cov qauv ntawm cov lus - softening ntawm consonants, tsis muaj R, L thiab hissing yog ib txwm zoo.

Yog tus menyuam tsis hais lus thaum muaj hnub nyoog 3 xyoos, tus kws kho mob hais lus txiav txim siab yuav qhia tus menyuam tham li cas. Tsis txhob pheej hmoo, tsis txhob nkim sijhawm, nrhiav tus kws tshaj lij uas cuam tshuam nrog lub hnub nyoog no thiab tshwj xeeb hauv kev hais lus thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus hauv cov menyuam yaus. Tom qab tag nrho, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm kev hais lus kho mob yog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais lus. Qhov kev xaiv no yuav tsis ua haujlwm rau koj. Ua ntej, tsawg kawg qee cov lus yuav tsum tshwm sim, sib sau ua ke rau hauv kab lus, thiab tom qab ntawd nws yuav muaj peev xwm xav txog cov suab. Tom qab tag nrho, cov menyuam yaus hais lus los qhia lawv cov kev xav lossis kev xav, thiab lub suab R uas zoo kawg nkaus yuav tsis pab txhua txoj kev.

4 xyoos thiab laus dua

Los ntawm 4 xyoos, kab lus ncav cuag 5-6 lo lus. Cov menyuam yaus twb paub siv cov kab lus sib xyaw thiab cov kab lus nyuaj, thiab lawv cov ntsiab lus tau ntxiv nrog cov ntsiab lus. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 5 xyoos, lawv muaj peev xwm tsim monologues, piv txwv li, qhia ib zaj dab neeg los ntawm daim duab. Lub suab hais lus feem ntau rov qab mus rau qhov qub, tab sis mus txog 6 xyoo, qhov tsis raug ntawm kev hais lus thiab R.

Yog tus me nyuam nyob ntsiag to

Yog tus me nyuam tsis siv lo lus kiag li, nws tsis tuaj yeem cia qhov xwm txheej no coj nws mus. Yog lawm, muaj cov xwm txheej thaum menyuam yaus pib tham thaum muaj hnub nyoog 4 lossis 6 xyoo thiab tau los ua neeg nto moo. Tab sis tsis muaj tsawg, tab sis ntau zaus thaum tus me nyuam muaj teeb meem neuropsychiatric. Qhov kev kho sai dua pib, qhov zoo dua. Qhov no yuav tsum tsis yog tsuas yog tus kws kho mob hais lus, tab sis kuj yog tus kws kho mob hlwb, kws kho hlwb, kws kho mob. Hauv qhov no, koj tuaj yeem ua tauraws sij hawm txo cov teeb meem tshwm sim. Los ntawm lub hnub nyoog kawm ntawv, tus me nyuam yuav npaj txhij rau kev kawm - los ntawm txoj kev, kev sau ntawv thiab kev nyeem ntawv yog tsim los ntawm kev hais lus thiab txawm tias yog ib hom kev hais lus. Thiab tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsis raug kev puas siab puas ntsws los ntawm nws txoj kev lag luam piv rau lwm cov menyuam yaus, vim nws yuav kov yeej lub sijhawm!

Anamnesis

Cov kws tshaj lij feem ntau xav paub seb ib yam dab tsi tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tus menyuam. Rau qhov no, anamnesis yog sau. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov seb tus me nyuam puas muaj: kev raug mob thaum yug los; asphyxia thaum yug me nyuam; neuroinfections, mob khaub thuas, mob khaub thuas raug kev txom nyem thaum yau; mob hlwb raug mob nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam; mismatch nrog niam ntawm Rh yam; me ntsis kev xyuam xim rau tus me nyuam, tsis muaj kev sib txuas lus.

Sim txwv kev ncua

Koj paub li cas yog tus menyuam hais lus qeeb? Tus me nyuam tsis hais cov neeg laus lossis ua nrog kev pab ntawm tes taw. Nws hais cov suab tsis sib xws thiab tsis sim ua kom nkag siab. Hauv kev hais lus ntawm tus menyuam hnub nyoog 2 xyoos, tsuas yog cov lus babbling thiab onomatopoeia. Nws tuaj yeem hu cov khoom sib txawv nrog ib lo lus babble. Tus me nyuam tsis yog hais lus phem xwb, tab sis kuj tsis nkag siab hais lus zoo txaus. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj tig mus rau nws nrog kev thov yooj yim, nws yuav ua tiav nws tsuas yog thaum hais lus nrog cov lus piav tes piav taw. Cov menyuam yaus no feem ntau poob qab hauv kev loj hlob thiab kev txawj tsav tsheb. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lawv ua tau txawv txawv, feem ntau ntog, tsoo rau hauv cov khoom. Kev txawj tsav tsheb zoo tuaj yeem raug kev txom nyem tshwj xeeb - kev sib koom tes ntawm cov ntiv tes. Yog li ntawd, tus me nyuam tsis paub yuav ua li cas coj ib qho khoom me me nrog ob ntiv tes, zoo li peb ua, tab sisgrabs nws nrog txhua lub nrig. Yuav kom paub seb yuav qhia tus menyuam tham li cas, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias nws puas muaj lwm yam kev tsis taus.

Yuav ua li cas thiaj nrhiav tau

Dhau li ntawm kev hais lus qeeb, cov menyuam yaus muaj lwm yam teeb meem. Yog hais tias tus me nyuam hais lus nrawm dhau thiab tsis sib haum, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias nws pib ncab thiab rov hais dua cov suab thiab cov suab hauv cov lus: "mmmmama", "wee-wee-drink" - qhov no tej zaum yuav yog ib qho cim ntawm incipient stuttering. Tseem muaj cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov menyuam yaus, tab sis yog tias qhov no ua rau koj lub qhov muag pom, koj yuav tsum nrhiav tus kws kho mob hais lus uas cuam tshuam nrog kev hais lus tsis zoo, thiab tseem hu rau tus kws kho mob hlwb - tom qab tag nrho, kev hais lus tsis txaus ntseeg ib txwm hais txog teeb meem nrog lub paj hlwb.

Yog ib tug me nyuam tsis nco qab ib lo lus yooj yooj yim, tsis to taub nws thaum nyeem nrov nrov rau ib tug neeg laus, rov qab tsis tau txawm nyob rau hauv cov lus yooj yooj yim, tej zaum nws tsuas hnov nws tsis zoo. Thiab qhov no twb qhia tias tus menyuam muaj teebmeem kev hnov lus. Yog tias koj pom tias tus menyuam tsis hnov lub suab mos thiab tsis pom qhov twg lawv tuaj, tsis tu ncua hloov lub ntim ntawm lub TV, qhov no yog vim li cas thiaj li kuaj xyuas nws qhov hnov lus ntawm ENT, thiab tseem hu rau tus kws kho mob menyuam yaus thiab kws kho mob hlwb. Yuav ua li cas koj thiaj qhia tus menyuam hais lus yam tsis muaj kev pabcuam tshwjxeeb yog tias nws tsis hnov lus zoo!

Yog vim li cas ncua

Yog vim li cas rau kev lag luam hauv kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus txawv. Qee lub sij hawm muaj cov kev xav tau ntawm lub cev rau qhov no - qeeb lossis cuam tshuam kev loj hlob ntawm lub paj hlwb. Qhov no tshwm sim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua ntej xyoo tus menyuam tau kuaj pom tias muaj hypertonicity lossis PEP (perinatal encephalopathy). Tab sis kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam txoj kev hais lus tuaj yeem ua tauqeeb thiab nrog kev noj qab haus huv zoo tag nrho ntawm tus menyuam. Tom qab tag nrho, kev hais lus tsis yog kev ua haujlwm lom neeg, zoo li kev noj haus thiab kev txav mus los, tab sis kev sib raug zoo, yog li nws txoj kev loj hlob tau cuam tshuam los ntawm ib puag ncig:

Kev ntxhov siab kuj tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb thiab txawm tias nres kev hais lus. Yog tias muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv tus menyuam lub neej - kev txav mus los, kev hloov pauv ntawm tus nais maum, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum muab sijhawm rau nws hloov pauv.

Nws tsis tshua hais lus rau hauv tsev. Ntau tus menyuam yaus siv sijhawm nyob hauv lub tuam txhab computers thiab TV, thiab tsis yog neeg nyob ze. Sim maj mam txo lub sij hawm mob siab rau gadgets, thiab tib lub sij hawm tham nrog koj tus menyuam ntau zaus.

Piv txwv li, tus menyuam tsis tas yuav hais lus. Cov niam txiv twb to taub tag nrho nws gestures thiab lub suab nws ua. Yuav ua li cas qhia tus menyuam kom hais lus zoo yog tias nws tsis xav tau? Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tsim cov xwm txheej kom nws awakens lub siab xav sib txuas lus thiab to taub. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum coj tus menyuam mus rau qhov chaw ua si ntau zaus, thiab tom qab ntawd xa mus rau kindergarten kom nws muaj kev sib txuas lus nrog lwm tus.

Yuav ua li cas hais lus hauv ib xyoos

Yuav ua li cas qhia tus menyuam tham hauv ib xyoos? Qhov no yog lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws rau kev pom ntawm thawj cov lus, thiab yog tias koj pab tus menyuam me me, koj tuaj yeem thawb nws cov lus rau kev loj hlob. Yog tias nws lub paj hlwb zoo li qub, koj tuaj yeem qhia tus menyuam tham sai sai. Yuav ua li cas? Tus me nyuam twb npaj txhij rau cov tsos ntawm cov lus, koj yuav tsum pab nws me ntsis. Tham nrog nws ntau zaus. Thiab thaum tus me nyuam babbles, koj tuaj yeem koom thiab rov ua cov lus tom qab nws. Lossis koj tuaj yeem nug koj tus kheej - maj mam hais lub suab kom tus menyuam tuaj yeem saib qhov txav ntawm koj lub qhov ncauj. Nws paub tias cov me nyuam kawm articulation tsis yog los ntawm pob ntseg, tab sis kuj los ntawm kev saib cov neeg laus hais lus. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm kev qhia me nyuam yaus tham. Ib qho ntawm thawj zaug hauv kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam yaus tshwm sim onomatopoeia. Koj tuaj yeem sim hu rau lawv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau them tus menyuam mloog rau tsiaj lossis cov khoom ua suab nrov: noog squeak: wee-wee-pee, water drips: drip-drip, beetle yoov: w-w-w. Tej zaum tus me nyuam yuav rov ua qhov onomatopoeia tom qab koj, tsis txhob xyaum koj cov lus ntau npaum li tus tsiaj.

Tab sis yog tus menyuam loj tuaj, qhov xwm txheej yuav hnyav dua. Nyob rau hauv ib xyoos thiab ib nrab, tag nrho cov lus tsis muaj twb yog ib qho kev ceeb toom, thiab tom qab ntawd txawm ntau dua. Yuav ua li cas qhia tus menyuam tham thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15 xyoos? Sim ua txhua yam tib yam, thiab siv cov lus qhia hauv qab no.

Yuav ua li cas kom tus menyuam xav tau kev hais lus

Yuav ua li cas yog tus menyuam tsis muaj kab mob hauv lub paj hlwb, tab sis nws tsuas yog tsis xav tham? Yuav ua li cas qhia tus me nyuam hais lus? Piv txwv li, muaj ntau yam khoom ua si sib txawv ntawm lub txee, thiab tus me nyuam nug txog ib yam dab tsi. Tsis tas yuav sim twv nws lub siab nyiam, koj yuav tsum nug nws kom hais. Koj tuaj yeem muab ntau yam khoom noj lossis dej haus: "Koj puas xav tau kua txiv los yog tshuaj yej?". Tab sis tus me nyuam tsuas yog hais ib lo lus xwb yog tias nws tuaj yeem hais tau. Nws yuav tsum yog nyob rau hauv nws cov lus passive, uas yog, nws paub lo lus, ib txwm hnov nws thiab tau yooj yim qhia cov ntsiab lus. Thiab tseem nws yuav tsum tau npaj nkag mus rau hauv nws cov lus nquag - qhov nws siv,thaum nws hais lus. Yog li tsis tas yuav ua siab ntev thiab coj tus me nyuam mus rau tantrums.

Tab sis koj tuaj yeem txhais tib yam rau hauv qhov kev ua si. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem ua si nkaum thiab nrhiav nrog ntau yam khoom ua si. Tus menyuam yuav tsum hu rau qhov khoom ua si zais kom nws tshwm. Nws tsis muaj teeb meem li cas nws hais lo lus no, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog nws suab, piv txwv li, "zaya", "aya" lossis "zya" tsis yog luav.

Thaum taug kev, tsim nyog them tus menyuam lub ntsej muag rau lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig, tawm tswv yim rau txhua yam uas peb pom nyob ib puag ncig. Cov lus qhia no kuj tsim nyog los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev qhia tus menyuam tham hauv ib xyoos. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tus me nyuam pom kev txaus siab rau tus neeg laus - nws tuaj yeem hloov mus rau nws.

Yuav kom qhia tus menyuam tham, kom ntau li ntau tau, koj yuav tsum nyeem cov dab neeg, paj huam thiab lus tso dag uas nkag mus rau nws lub hnub nyoog. Koj tuaj yeem ua qhov no tsis yog thaum hmo ntuj, tab sis thaum nruab hnub. Yuav kom tus menyuam txaus siab, koj yuav tsum qhia nws cov duab zoo nkauj thiab ci ntsa iab uas feem ntau nrog cov dab neeg hauv cov menyuam yaus cov phau ntawv, taw tes rau txhua tus cim: "Ntawm no yog yawg, tab sis tus poj niam.."

Yuav ua li cas qhia tus me nyuam tham thaum muaj 2.5 xyoos thiab laus dua, yog nws twb hais lawm, tab sis qeeb hauv kev loj hlob? Koj tuaj yeem sim nyeem nws cov paj huam uas paub zoo lossis zaj dab neeg kom nws ua tiav cov lus lossis xaus. Koj qhov kev cia siab nyob ntsiag to thiab ntsia ntawm nws yuav nkag siab zoo tias yog kev caw kom ua tiav cov kab lus. Tom qab tag nrho, cov me nyuam yaus nyiam nws thaum txhua yam rov qab los ntawm nws tus kheej thiab thaum ib lo lus dheev ploj hauv qhov kev tso dag uas paub, tus me nyuam xav kho qhov ploj lawm.

Qee zaumtus menyuam yuav nyiam tham hauv xov tooj. Thaum nws tsis kam tham nrog nws pog ntawm tus kheej, tham nrog nws hauv xov tooj tuaj yeem yog qhov kev ua si ntxim nyiam rau nws. Zoo siab heev - tsis muaj neeg nyob ze, tab sis lub suab hnov!

Yuav ua li cas thiaj tsim tau cov lus

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum qhia tus me nyuam tsis yog rau cov npe ntawm cov khoom, tab sis kuj rau cov yeeb yam uas cov me nyuam thiab cov neeg laus ua tau. Yog li cov lus qhia yuav tshwm sim hauv tus menyuam hais lus, thiab ua tsaug rau lawv me ntsis tom qab nws yuav tuaj yeem sau cov kab lus yooj yim tshaj plaws. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem qhia koj tus menyuam kom hais lus kom raug, tsis yog tsuas yog cov lus xwb, tab sis kuj yog sab grammatical ntawm kev hais lus thiab syntax. Koj yuav ua li cas ntxiv?

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tham tsis yog hais txog cov khoom lawv tus kheej, tab sis kuj hais txog lawv lub hom phiaj: "Cov no yog txiab. Lawv txiav daim ntawv. " "Muaj xab npum hauv lub tais xab npum." Nws kuj tseem yuav tsum tau them tus menyuam qhov kev saib xyuas ntawm cov khoom, qhov loj thiab xim, piv txwv li, "lub pob liab loj."

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum qhia tus me nyuam rau qhov chaw ntawm lub cev - ua ntej, cov me nyuam qhia lawv tom tsev raws li cov lus ntawm cov neeg laus, qhov no ua tau mus txog ib xyoos, ces lawv hu lawv tus kheej.

Nyob rau xyoo ob ntawm lub neej, yog tus menyuam paub xim ntawm pob ntseg thiab qhia, koj tuaj yeem hais kom nws qhia cov xim ntawm cov khoom hauv daim duab thiab npe rau lawv.