Qhib zaj lus qhia hauv pab pawg npaj ntawm ecology, lej, kev nyeem ntawv

2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:33

Yuav kom nthuav tawm tob tob txog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb thiab cov ntsiab lus raws li cov txheej txheem kev kawm ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv preschool, nws yuav tsum nco qab txog keeb kwm ntawm preschool pedagogy.

Theoretical foundations of preschool xib fwb

Ib daim ntawv qhia qhib puv npo hauv pab pawg npaj yog ib daim ntawv siv dav ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kawm hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv preschool. Ib zaug, tus kws qhia ntawv Polish Jan Komensky tau lees paub qhov xav tau ntawm cov chav kawm hauv kev qhia cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschools.

K. D. Ushinsky muab tso rau hauv thesis hais txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov chav kawm hauv kindergarten thiab cov lus qhia hauv tsev kawm theem qis. A. P. Usova tau tsim cov hauv paus ntawm kev yug menyuam hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv preschool, thiab nws kuj tau ua pov thawj tias kev qhia qhib hauv pab pawg npaj pab tsim tus menyuam, npaj nws rau kev kawm.

YEarthcare Levels

Xib fwb txheeb xyuas ob theem kev paub tseem ceeb uas cov me nyuam kawm paub hauv preschool.

• Thawj theem yog qhov kev paub theem pib tau txais los ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool los ntawm kev sib txuas lus nrog cov phooj ywg, lwm tus neeg, thaum lub sijhawm ua si.
• Qib thib ob yog qhov kev paub thiab kev txawj ntse tau los ntawm cov menyuam yaus hauv kev kawm.

Tseem muaj peb hom kev kawm preschool ua haujlwm ncaj qha rau kev paub txog kev xav ntawm cov menyuam mos:

• muaj peev xwm mloog zoo rau cov lus qhia hauv zaj lus qhia thiab ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm cov txwj laus hauv chav kawm thiab cov kev coj ua;
• muaj peev xwm los ntsuas cov haujlwm uas ua tiav thaum lub sijhawm kawm thematic hauv lub tuam txhab tsis yog tus kws qhia ntawv nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog cov phooj ywg ntawm preschooler;
• muaj peev xwm ua tiav cov hom phiaj, nrhiav qhov no tsuas yog txoj kev daws teeb meem lossis ob peb txoj hauv kev xaiv, uas, nrog qee qhov kev ua kom zoo nrog tus kws qhia, yuav pab kom daws tau qhov teeb meem.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv preschool

Txhua yam kev ua si hauv preschool qhib yog suav tias yog ib txoj hauv kev rau kev kawm thaum yau.

Cov kws qhia ntawv thiab cov kws kho kev puas siab puas ntsws menyuam yaus tau kawm txog cov teeb meem ntsig txog kev siv cov chav kawm raws li daim ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm pem hauv ntej rau cov menyuam kawm preschools.

Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub preschool pedagogy (FSES), ib qho kev qhia qhib nyob rau hauv pab pawg npaj kuj muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus kheej thiab kev txawj ntse, nrog rau kev npaj txhij rau tsev kawm ntawv.

Cov qauv thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm cov chav kawm hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv preschool

Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, muaj kev txhim kho tas li ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kawm ntxivCov chav kawm nyob rau hauv ntau cov lus qhia: cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev kawm preschool yog tas li ua ntau nyuaj thiab nthuav, muaj kev tshawb fawb rau cov ntaub ntawv zoo ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm ntau hom kev ua ub no. Ntau ntxiv, piv txwv li, cov kws qhia ntawv tab tom sim ua ib qho kev qhia qhib hauv pab pawg npaj ntawm ecology hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev ua si, yog li ua rau cov menyuam kawm preschool muaj kev txaus siab rau kev kawm.

Tam sim no, ntau tus kws qhia ntawv tab tom hloov los ntawm pab pawg hauv chav kawm mus ua haujlwm hauv pab pawg me. Cov qauv no tso cai rau peb txhim kho kev kawm zoo, vim tias nrog ib tus neeg mus kom ze, cov me nyuam kawm tau cov ntaub ntawv theoretical sai sai thiab tau txais kev txawj ntse.

Ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv tam sim no hauv kev kawm preschool

Ntawm cov kev hloov tshiab uas nquag siv hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv preschool, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua ib qho kev tsim kho ntawm cov chav kawm kev loj hlob hauv ntau qhov chaw. Maj mam muaj teeb meem ntawm cov dej num uas muaj nyob rau hauv chav kawm, cov kws qhia ntawv sim coj cov xwm txheej kom ze li sai tau rau lub neej zoo tib yam ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool los tsim cov kev mob zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus kheej thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm cov me nyuam.

Cov ntawv kawm preschool yog dab tsi

Nws yog ib txwm ua los ntawm cov qauv hauv qab no ntawm kev kawm preschool:

• tus kheej;
• group;
• frontal.

Nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv preschool, muab sijhawm rau kev ua ub ua no, kev ua haujlwm nrog menyuam yaus. Raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev kawm preschool, nws yog ib txwm ua kom nkag siab txog cov dej num hauv qab no:

• sportswear;
• subject-game;
• labor;
• productive;
• plot-role-playing.

Rau cov qauv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov chav kawm nrog cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschools

Muaj cov kev kawm tshwj xeeb uas cov kws qhia ntawv preschool ua haujlwm. Cov lus qhia qhib nws tus kheej hauv pawg FGT npaj rau kev ua lej muaj cov qauv qhia meej, nws tau txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov dej num ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschools.

Txawm hais tias yog yam twg los xij, ib qho kev qhia ntxiv yuav tsum muaj peb ntu uas cuam tshuam los ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab cov ntsiab lus, cov no yog: qhov pib ntawm qhov xwm txheej, chav kawm ntawm zaj lus qhia, thiab qhov kawg.

pib chav kawm

Pib qhib zaj lus qhia hauv pab pawg npaj ua lej, tus kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum teeb tsa cov menyuam yaus rau cov haujlwm uas yuav los tom ntej, hloov lawv txoj kev xav, ua rau cov menyuam muaj kev xav, piav qhia meej txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm txoj haujlwm. Raws li cov lus piav qhia no, cov menyuam yaus tsim lawv txoj kev npaj ua haujlwm, lawv yuav tsum nkag siab tias lub algorithm ua kom tiav txoj haujlwm yog dab tsi, thiab qhov txiaj ntsig yuav tsum tau txais.

Kev kawm nce qib

Tus kheej-qhib zaj lus qhia hauv pab pawg npaj hauv ntiaj teb ib puag ncig (lossis lwm yam kev qhuab qhia) yog kev ywj pheej ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws lossis kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool, uas muaj kev paub txog qee yam kev txawj thiab kev paub los ntawm tus kws qhia thaum pib zaj lus qhia. Cov theem ntawm zaj lus qhia no muaj xws li tus kheej cov tswv yim thiab kev cob qhia nyob rau hauv tag nrho raws li qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev xav, pace ntawm assimilation, theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam. Ntawm notheem ntawm kev hu rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool tsuas yog muaj xwm txheej ceev, thaum tus menyuam ua yuam kev. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool uas muaj kev mloog zoo, nco zoo, muaj peev xwm sib piv, txheeb xyuas, tus kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum muab kev pab tsawg kawg nkaus.

Piv txwv li, yog tias qhib zaj lus qhia muaj nyob rau hauv pab pawg npaj rau cov ntawv thov, nws txaus los ceeb toom, qhia, muab tswv yim rau cov tub kawm thiab muab sijhawm rau nws nrhiav txoj hauv kev tawm ntawm qhov xwm txheej no ntawm nws tus kheej..

Qab xaus

Tus kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum pom qhov kawg ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool txhawm rau ntsuas nws txoj kev loj hlob, tsim ntawm qee yam kev txawj thiab peev xwm. Nws yog ntshaw kom qhib zaj lus qhia nyob rau hauv pab pawg npaj nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no xaus nrog ib tug summing, kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov dej num ntawm cov me nyuam. Muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov menyuam yaus, lawv tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kheej thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm txoj haujlwm kev kawm tau muab rau lawv.

Txhua ntu ntawm zaj lus qhia hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv preschool tej zaum yuav muaj nws tus yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb, txhua yam nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj tau teeb tsa, nrog rau ntawm ntu uas coj los rau zaj lus qhia. Piv txwv li, ib qho kev qhia qhib hauv pab pawg npaj rau kev qhia kev nyeem ntawv ua raws li lub hom phiaj xws li kev hais kom raug ntawm cov lus nyuaj, muaj peev xwm tsim cov kab lus. Yog tias tus kws qhia ntawv siv cov txheej txheem ntiag tug hauv lawv txoj haujlwm, lawv muaj cov lus pom meej meej ntawm txhua theem ntawm zaj lus qhia, thiab koom nrog kev xav.

Tom qab qhib zaj lus qhia hauv pab pawg npaj ua lej ua tiav, tus kws qhia ntawv txheeb xyuas kev txhim kho cov haujlwm ntawm cov menyuam yaus, qhia txog cov phiaj xwm thiab cov ntsiab luszaj lus qhia tom ntej.

Tus qauv ntawm cov chav kawm hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv preschool xav tias muaj kev sim kev paub, kev txawj, thiab peev xwm ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool. Xws li daim tshev yog ua nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev soj ntsuam tus cwj pwm ntawm cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm, tshuaj xyuas cov kev tshwm sim ntawm lawv ua hauj lwm thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm cov me nyuam thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev ua si.

Hais txog kev faib cov dej num hauv kindergartens

Hnub no, kev faib tshwj xeeb yog siv rau txhua yam dej num ua nrog cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool. Nyob ntawm seb qhov ua haujlwm tau teev tseg, piv txwv li, qhib zaj lus qhia hauv pab pawg npaj ntawm ecology tuaj yeem muab faib ua hom hauv qab no:

• xav tau kev txawj ntse, kev paub tshiab;
• kom sib sau cov txuj ci thiab peev xwm uas twb muaj lawm;
• muaj tswv yim thiab siv cov haujlwm;
• cov chav kawm sib xyaw ua ke los daws teeb meem kev kawm sib txawv.

Raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev paub, txhua chav kawm hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv preschool yuav tsum muab faib:

• rau cov chav kawm classical ua nyob rau hauv qee qhov chaw ntawm kev kawm;
• rau kev sib koom ua ke uas suav nrog ntau ntu kev kawm ib zaug.

Txhua qhov kev qhia qhib hauv pab pawg npaj ntawm lub ncauj lus ntawm qhov chaw tuaj yeem suav nrog ua ke, muaj peev xwm daws tau sai sai ntau yam haujlwm ua haujlwm (qhia cov menyuam yaus txog hnub qub, tshawb nrhiav chaw, txhim kho lawv lub peev xwm muaj tswv yim).

Hais txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov chav kawm hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv preschool, peb nco ntsoov tias koj tuaj yeem siv kev paub los ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ib zaug, kom tus menyuam yuav tsim ib lub tswv yim ntawm lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig nws. Cov chav kawm sib xyaw ua ke ua raws li lub tswv yim ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam tus cwj pwm. Rau cov tsev kawm ntawv preschool, nws tau npaj los ua cov chav kawm hauv qab no:

• kev paub nrog lub ntiaj teb sab nraud;
• txhim kho kev hais lus ntawm preschoolers;
• kev tsim kho thiab kev ua haujlwm pom;
• music lessons;
• kev kawm lub cev;
• kev tsim ntawm theem pib lub cev kev coj noj coj ua.

Muaj qee qhov yuav tsum tau muaj rau cov kev kawm preschool Education (FSES), raws li lawv lub hauv paus, kev txhim kho tus kheej rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool yog tsim.

Qhov kev pab cuam ntawm ib qho kev qhia hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv preschool yuav tsum muaj xws li:

• qee qhov kev paub txog qhov zoo thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom, lawv cov kev hloov pauv, kev sib tshuam, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua, kev sib xyaw ua ke, kev nthuav dav ntawm kev paub, kev sib koom ua ke, nrog rau lawv qhov dav dav;
• hais txog qhov ntim ntawm cov txuj ci ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev qhia cov ntawv ua haujlwm tau zoo;
• hais txog tus lej ntawm cov txuj ci uas xav tau rau kev kawm tau zoo thiab kev paub txog kev paub, lawv pib tsim thiab txhim kho, nrog rau lawv daim ntawv thov.

Qhov loj ntawm cov ntsiab lus kev kawm hauv zaj lus qhia yuav siv sij hawm rau hauv tus lej ntawm kev nco, kev saib xyuas ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool, lawv lub hlwb kev ua haujlwm.

Ntawm cov chav kawm sib txawv hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv preschool, kev kawm mus ncig ua si nyob rau qhov chaw tshwj xeeb. Thaum mus ncig ua si, tus kws qhia ntawv tswj kev daws teeb meem kev kawm thiab kev kawm.