Cov chav kawm ntawm kev txhim kho kev hais lus hauv pawg nruab nrab. Kev tsom xam ntawm zaj lus qhia txog kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus

2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:57

Cov chav kawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus hauv pab pawg nruab nrab yog muaj nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsim cov kev txawj hais lus raug rau tus menyuam raws li qeb hnub nyoog. Kev vam meej ntawm tus menyuam txoj kev hloov ntawm cov phooj ywg, nrog rau kev kawm ntxiv hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem pib, nyob ntawm qhov kev hais lus raug thiab muaj peev xwm qhia tau nws tus kheej txoj kev xav. Nws yog theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev txawj lus uas qhia tau hais tias theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm ib tug me nyuam yog dab tsi.

Vim li cas peb thiaj xav tau cov chav kawm hais lus rau cov menyuam yaus?

Ib zaj lus qhia txog kev txhim kho kev hais lus nrog cov menyuam kawm ntawv hauv nruab nrab tsuas yog ua raws li kev ua si xwb. Qhov no yog vim muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov me nyuam hnub nyoog no, txij li thaum lawv xav objectively. Lawv tseem tsis tau tsim kev mob siab rau thiab ua tib zoo mloog. Cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv nruab nrab preschool muaj kev xav ntau dhau, yog li lawv tau nkees yooj yim. Kev ua si yuav tsum muaj hnub nyoog tsim nyog. Kev kawm tau zoo nyob ntawm seb tus menyuam nkag mus rau qhov kev ua si, ntau npaum li casqhov xwm txheej no yuav yog nws tus kheej. Thaum lub sij hawm ua si, tus me nyuam siv tag nrho cov txheej txheem kev puas siab puas ntsws. Nws hnov, ua, pom, cuam tshuam nrog lub ntiaj teb sab nraud los ntawm ntau hom kev ua si. Hauv chav kawm, tus menyuam mloog tus xibfwb piav qhia, teb cov lus nug, kawm mloog lwm cov menyuam cov lus teb. Thaum lub sijhawm ua si, cov menyuam yaus tsis pom tias lawv tab tom kawm.

Teeb meem ntawm kev hais lus ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua

1. Situational hais lus yog qhov tsis muaj peev xwm los tsim cov kab lus nyuaj thiab nyuaj. Hauv cov menyuam yaus, kev hais lus tig tau tsim, raws li txoj cai, los ntawm kab lus uas muaj ob lossis peb lo lus.

2. Cov lus me me.

3. Cov lus uas muaj slang thiab tsis hais lus.

4. Cov lus tsis zoo.

5. Logopedic hais lus tsis meej.

6. Qhov tsis muaj peev xwm los tsim cov lus sib tham, nug cov lus nug kom raug, muab cov lus teb luv luv lossis ntxaws ntxaws, raws li qhov xwm txheej.

7. Tsis muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib qho kev hais lus monologue: rov hais dua zaj dab neeg ntawm zaj dab neeg ze ntawm cov ntawv nyeem lossis hauv koj cov lus, sau ib zaj dab neeg- piav qhia ntawm lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb.

8. Tsis siv qhov laj thawj ntawm tus kheej cov lus xaus.

9. Cov kab lis kev cai ntawm kev hais lus tsis tau tsim: tus me nyuam tsis tuaj yeem xaiv intonation, hais lus tus nqi, lub suab ntim thiab lwm yam tsis muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho kev hais lus tshwj xeeb.

Yuav ua li cas los tsim kev sib txuas lus hauv cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool?

Cov chav kawm rau kev txhim kho kev hais lus sib xws muaj li cas? Kev sib txuas lus txhais tau tias muaj peev xwmkom raug, figuratively, logically thiab tsis tu ncua nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv. Kev hais lus yuav tsum yog grammatically. Cov lus sib txuas muaj xws li:

- Kev sib tham. Assumes paub lus, muab kev sib txuas lus nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov me nyuam. Kev sib tham tuaj yeem tsim tau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov lus sib cais, kev sib tham ntawm cov neeg koom, cov lus hais ntawm hom "nug-lus teb". Cov chav kawm rau kev txhim kho kev hais lus hauv pab pawg nruab nrab suav nrog kev tsim cov txuj ci hais lus sib tham: tus me nyuam kawm luv luv thiab ua kom meej meej teb cov lus nug, nkag mus rau hauv kev sib tham nrog tus kws qhia ntawv thiab cov phooj ywg. Hauv chav kawm, kev tsim kev sib txuas lus kab lis kev cai txuas ntxiv mus: cov menyuam yaus raug qhia kom mloog tus neeg sib tham, tsis txhob cuam tshuam tus neeg hais lus, tsis txhob cuam tshuam, suav nrog cov qauv kev coj ua hauv kev hais lus.

- Monologue. Nws yog ib tug coherent hais lus ntawm ib tug neeg, kev txawj yog tsim los ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm tsib xyoos. Qhov nyuaj ntawm kev hais lus yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias ib tug me nyuam nyob rau hauv nruab nrab lub hnub nyoog preschool tseem tsis tau muaj peev xwm ua nws tus kheej cov lus, qhia ib tug xav logically, tsis tu ncua thiab tsis tu ncua. Cov chav kawm rau kev txhim kho kev hais lus hauv pawg nruab nrab suav nrog kev qhia peb hom kev hais lus monologue: kev xav, lus piav qhia thiab piav qhia. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov menyuam kawm piav txog cov ntsiab lus thiab rov qab cov ntawv me me.

hais lus nrog kev txav hauv pawg nruab nrab

Kev hais lus nrog kev txav mus los (ib pawg nruab nrab) tso cai rau koj los sib koom tes ntawm caj npab thiab txhais ceg nrog cov lus hais. Ntau tus menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua nruab nrab muaj qhov tsis raug thiab tsis sib haum xeeb. Cov lus qhia rau kev txhim kho lub cev muaj zog zoo ntawm tes tso caince qib ntawm kev hais lus, maj mam kawm kom sib koom tes nrog kev hais lus.

Tus kws kho mob Nyiv Namikoshi Tokujiro tau tsim cov txheej txheem kho tshwj xeeb rau kev cuam tshuam ob txhais tes. Raws li nws cov lus qhia, muaj ntau tus receptors ntawm cov ntiv tes uas xa cov impulses mus rau hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb. Muaj cov ntsiab lus acupuncture ntawm ob txhais tes. Los ntawm kev zaws lawv, koj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub xeev ntawm cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev. Nws yog qhov kev qhia no uas tsim lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho kev hais lus siv kev txav. Cov kws tshaj lij tau pom tias qhov tseeb thiab theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus yog nyob ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm kev txav ntawm cov leeg me me ntawm tes. M. Montessori nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv "Pab kuv ua nws tus kheej" hais tias: "Yog hais tias txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntiv tes txav tau raws li lub hnub nyoog, ces kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus kuj nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj. Yog hais tias txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev muaj zog txawj ntawm cov ntiv tes lags tom qab, ces hais lus kuj lags qab. Xws li kev txhim kho lus hauv pab pawg nruab nrab suav nrog:

- ntiv tes ua si (siv tus nplaig twisters, paj huam, lub cev feeb, ntiv tes gymnastics);

- ua haujlwm nrog cereals (xaiv los ntawm cov khoom noj uas muaj ntau qhov sib txawv, kos duab ntawm cov nplej);

- daim ntawv thov (mosaic, clipping, los ntawm sticks);

- beading;

- lacing;

- ntawv ua haujlwm;

- paj ua los ntawm woolen threads;

- egghell paintings;

- hatching;

- kos ib ncig ntawm tus qauv;

- nraaj dictations;

- cov haujlwm zoo li "tiav daim duab";

- qauv siv cov khoom siv ntuj;

-graphic exercises;

- stencil kos duab;

- ua haujlwm nrog dej (hloov dej nrog pipettes);

- kev tsim lub qhov dej los ntawm qhov sib tw;

- ua haujlwm nrog lub qhov punch;

- didactic games thiab ce siv ntuj, khoom siv hauv tsev.

chav kho lus hais lus

Kev txhim kho kev hais lus li cas (cov pab pawg nruab nrab)? Cov chav kawm yog tsom rau kev nthuav dav cov lus, diction, txhim kho lub peev xwm kom raug siv intonation thiab cov lus teb kom ntxaws, tsim cov pov thawj, thiab sau cov lus sib tham. Rau kev txhim kho thiab kho kev hais lus hauv pab pawg nruab nrab, ib txheej ntawm kev tawm dag zog yog siv:

- Hais txog daim duab - txhais tau tias yog ib zaj dab neeg txog zaj duab xis. Xws li ib txoj hauj lwm tso cai rau koj xaiv cov lus uas nyob ze ntawm lub ntsiab lus (synonyms), cim lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus. Cov ntawv luam tawm tshwj xeeb yog tsim rau cov chav kawm, uas muaj cov kev xeem thiab ntau yam kev tawm dag zog txhawm rau txhim kho cov txuj ci no.

- Tus nplaig twisters, tus nplaig twisters, cov lus pov thawj thiab cov lus hais tsis yog tsuas yog nthuav cov lus ntawm cov menyuam yaus hauv nruab nrab, tab sis kuj pab tswj cov cuab yeej hais lus. Cov kev tawm dag zog zoo li no tso cai rau koj los kho cov lus tsis zoo thaum tus menyuam nqos qhov kawg ntawm cov lus thaum sib tham lossis, tawm tsam, kos cov lus thaum sib tham.

- Games zoo li "Nws txhais li cas?" los yog "Vim li cas lawv hais li ntawd?" tso cai rau koj xaiv cov lus uas nyob ze rau lub ntsiab lus thaum piav qhia txog lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb. Rau qhov no, nws yog pom zoo kom siv phraseological units, proverbs thiablus.

- Qhov kev ua si "Journalist" tso cai rau cov menyuam yaus los tsim kev txawj hais lus. Tus menyuam kawm sau cov lus nug rau "kev xam phaj", qhia nws cov kev xav tsis tu ncua thiab meej.

Yuav ua li cas txheeb xyuas qhov kev hais lus txhim kho?

Kev tsom xam ntawm kev txhim kho kev hais lus yog qhov tsim nyog tsis yog rau kev tshaj tawm xwb, tab sis kuj txhawm rau kom nkag siab txog cov kev qhia twg yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab tsim nyog rau kev txhim kho kev hais lus hauv pab pawg tshwj xeeb no. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev soj ntsuam, tus kws qhia ntawv tuaj yeem tswj tau ntev npaum li cas los ua tus tswv cov khoom tshiab, uas ntawm cov menyuam yaus tsis tau paub txog cov khoom siv lossis ua nws nyob rau theem qis. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas, nws yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:

- Koj tau tswj hwm npaum li cas los txhawb txhua tus neeg koom nrog kawm;

- txhua tus ua raws li tus xib hwb qhia;

- lub sijhawm twg tsis zoo;

- cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem twg tau koom nrog, qhov twg ntawm lawv tau dhau los ua tsis tsim nyog;

- seb cov khoom puas tau nthuav tawm hauv txoj kev nkag tau;

- qhov kev xav dav dav ntawm chav kawm yog dab tsi;

- cov ntsiab lus twg koj yuav tsum tau mloog rau hauv zaj lus qhia tom ntej;

- qhov kev txawj thiab lub peev xwm yuav tsum tau kho;

- tus menyuam twg yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb.

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam yaus ntawm pawg nruab nrab (4-5 xyoos) tsis raug rau cov qauv? Thaum twg koj xav tau kev sab laj nrog tus kws kho hais lus thiab tus kws kho mob hlwb?

Tus kws kho mob hais lus thiabTus kws kho mob hlwb yuav tsum tau ceev yog tias:

- tus me nyuam muaj lus me me los yog tsis muaj 4 xyoos;

- hais lus tsis nkag siab, raws li tus lej ntawm tes;

- tus me nyuam stutters, stutters lossis muaj lwm yam kev hais lus tsis meej;

- muaj keeb kwm ntawm kev raug mob rau lub taub hau, nasopharynx, los yog qhov ncauj kab noj hniav uas ua rau muaj kev hais lus tsis zoo los yog ntsiag to.

Kev nkag mus rau cov kws tshaj lij raws sijhawm yuav pab kho cov lus hais tsis zoo, txwv tsis pub tus menyuam hais lus tsis raug, nws yuav raug txiav txim siab mus kawm hauv tsev kawm tshwj xeeb rau cov menyuam yaus hais lus tsis zoo. Kev ua txhaum cai li no tsis ploj mus ntawm lawv tus kheej.