2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:40
Nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas kws kho mob ua tib zoo saib xyuas lawv cov neeg mob thoob plaws lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub. Cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv me me ntawm leej niam tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib txawv loj hauv kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab. Qee tus ntawm lawv tsis sib haum nrog lub neej thiab ua rau tus menyuam hauv plab tuag thaum cev xeeb tub. Nws yog hu ua "antenatal death". Yog hais tias nws tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm yug me nyuam, ces qhov no yog intranatal fetal tuag (raws li ICD-10, code yog O36.4.). Kev txiav txim siab tob txog qhov teeb meem no yuav muaj kev txaus siab tsis yog rau cov kws kho mob nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj rau cov niam txiv yav tom ntej.
Etiology
Kawm txog qhov ua rau hauv plab menyuam hauv plab tuag tso cai rau cov kws kho mob los tsim cov kev tiv thaiv tshiab. Nyob rau theem antenatal, fetus tuaj yeem tuag los ntawm ntau yam teeb meem sib txawv. Qhov no suav nrog toxicosis ntawm ib nrab ntawm cev xeeb tub, kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis sib haum xeebnruab nrab ntawm leej niam thiab fetus. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, txhawm rau muab txhua yam, tus poj niam yuav tsum tau khaws cia hauv tsev kho mob thiab yuav tsum tau ua tiav kev kuaj xyuas. Ntxiv ntawm no yog qhov nyuaj heev rau kev kwv yees, placenta previa, tso tawm ua ntej cev xeeb tub ntawm dej thiab lwm yam txheej txheem pathological.
Txhawm rau cais cov antenatal tuag los ntawm intrapartum, thaum nkag mus rau hauv tsev kho mob maternity, tus poj niam txuas nrog lub tshuab CTG, thiab nws lub plawv dhia tau hnov. Yog tias qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab tsis ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb, daim npav sau tseg tias thaum lub sijhawm pib ua haujlwm, muaj tus menyuam hauv plab hauv tsev menyuam. Tam sim no txoj hauj lwm ua ke ntawm niam thiab kws kho mob yog cawm nws mus txog thaum yug.
Lub tswvyim ntawm "tseem yug"
Thaum saib thawj zaug, nws yog qhov yooj yim, tab sis nws hloov tawm kom muaj peev xwm heev. Yog hais tias tus me nyuam tsis tau noj nws thawj ua pa, nws yuav suav hais tias tseem yug los. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, yog tias pom lub plawv dhia lossis lwm yam cim ntawm lub neej, ces kev ntsuas kev rov qab los. Thiab ntawm no nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau cais cov ntsiab lus ntawm intranatal fetal tuag los yog antenatal.
Txhua yam no peb tab tom tham txog tus menyuam mos uas yug hauv lub sijhawm tsawg kawg 28 lub lis piam thiab hnyav tsawg kawg 1 kg. Nrog kev xa khoom ntawm hnub ua ntej, qhov no yuav yog qhov nchuav menyuam. Hauv qhov no, cov cim qhia ntawm lub neej yuav tsis muaj teeb meem.
Surveillance history
txhawm rau tsim kom muaj cov kab ke ntawm cov xwm txheej thiab saib seb nws puas yog kev tuag hauv plab hauv plab, obstetricians khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntxaws ntxaws ntawm kev soj ntsuam ntawm tus poj niam cev xeeb tub. Yog lub plawv dhia tau hnov mus txog rau thaum nkag mus rauchav tsev me nyuam, tab sis ib tug me nyuam yug los tsis muaj cov cim qhia ntawm lub neej, uas txhais tau hais tias muaj ib yam dab tsi tshwm sim thaum lub caij kawg. Thiab ntawm no nws yog qhov tsim nyog los nkag siab seb puas muaj kev kho mob yuam kev lossis cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev loj hlob thiab kev nthuav qhia ua rau intrapartum tuag ntawm fetus.
Kev yug menyuam tseem tuaj yeem ua rau menyuam yaus yog tias lub plawv nres tshwm sim ntawm 28 lub lis piam mus txog rau hnub yug. Nws tuaj yeem yog vim qhov txawv txav ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab thiab placenta. Tsis muaj kws kho mob tuaj yeem kwv yees txhua qhov xwm txheej tshwm sim, txawm tias kev tshuaj xyuas kom meej tshaj plaws.
Kev Tiv Thaiv
Hmoov tsis zoo, kev tuag hauv plab hauv plab tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees lossis tiv thaiv. Tag nrho cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev kho mob maternity tab tom ua haujlwm los tiv thaiv qhov xwm txheej no, pab kom tus menyuam yug los muaj sia thiab noj qab nyob zoo. Tab sis kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv pib ntev ua ntej kev tuaj txog ntawm tus poj niam hauv kev ua haujlwm nrog kev cog lus hauv tsev kho mob. Raws li qhov loj, lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus poj niam thoob plaws 9 lub hlis, nrog rau kev ceev faj thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev yug menyuam. Qhov no siv tau rau ob qho tib si uas ua mus ib txwm thiab pathological.
Zoo ntawm cov lus nug
Kev tuag ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab tseem tab tom kawm. Txhua qhov xwm txheej no yog qhov xwm txheej rau leej niam thiab qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo rau txhua tus kws kho mob uas nrog cev xeeb tub. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, nws muab cov ntaub ntawv tshiab rau kev tshawb fawb uas tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv qhov no tsis txhob tshwm sim yav tom ntej.
Cov txheej txheem pathological uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauvlub cev ntawm niam thiab fetus. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau tus poj niam saib xyuas nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv, mus kuaj ua ntej xeeb tub thiab kho txhua yam kab mob.
Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb
Kev tuag ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm kev yug menyuam. Thiab feem ntau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua los ntawm asphyxia. Nws feem ntau yog theem nrab, raws li nws ua raws los ntawm ntau yam kab mob thiab lawv cov teeb meem. Kab mob (flu, typhoid, pneumonia), kab mob ntev (malaria thiab syphilis) yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Intoxication ntawm ntau yam etiologies, mob hnyav, toxicosis, thiab raug rau ntau hom tshuaj kuj cuam tshuam. Kev ua txhaum ntawm cerebral ncig ntawm tus me nyuam hauv plab thiab kev raug mob intracranial cia me ntsis los yog tsis muaj txoj sia nyob. Yog li ntawd, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm asphyxia thiab kev raug mob thaum yug yog suav tias yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws.
Teeb meem thaum yug menyuam
Lawv tsis tas mus zoo. Qee lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub mus zoo, tus me nyuam thiab leej niam noj qab nyob zoo, tab sis thaum nkag mus rau hauv tsev kho mob, los ntshav dheev qhib, txoj hlab ntaws poob tawm, lossis muaj ntau yam teeb meem tshwm sim uas yuav tsum tau teb tam sim los ntawm kws kho mob.
Ntawm cov ua rau kev tuag ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab yog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev yug menyuam nrog lub plab nqaim, txoj haujlwm tsis raug (transverse lossis oblique). Cov txheej txheem yug nws tus kheej yuav tsis mus raws li qhov xav tau. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem hais txog qhov tsis raug tso rau ntawm lub taub hau thiab ntau yam teeb meem ntawm kev yug menyuam. Intranatal fetal tuag tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv kev ua txhaum ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm obstetrics. Nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev yug nrog ib tug incompetent pab, xws liqhov yuav tshwm sim ntau ntxiv.
Pathology ntawm txheej txheem yug
Raws li koj pom, lub ntsiab lus tob thiab muaj peev xwm heev. Intranatal fetal tuag (ICD-10 - O36.4.) feem ntau yog txuam nrog intrauterine asphyxia, uas yog, oxygen tshaib plab. Qhov no feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm pathology ntawm lub placenta, xws li nws cov detachment ntxov ntxov. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thib ob hauv zaus - umbilical qaum pathology.
Nrog rau qhov kev tuag ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab, feem ntau tsis muaj cov menyuam hauv plab maceration thiab placental ischemia. Kev ntsuam xyuas hydrostatic tsis zoo, tab sis tej zaum yuav zoo nyob rau qee kis. Feem ntau ua rau tus menyuam tuag thaum lub sijhawm yug menyuam muaj xws li hauv qab no:
- Asphyxia.
- pob txha taub hau.
- Subdural hemorrhages.
- Rau fetal position anomalies.
- Dej so ua ntej pib ua haujlwm. Feem ntau, lawv tau tsim los ua kom yooj yim rau kev tawm ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab thiab nws txoj kev hla ntawm tus kwj dej yug.
- Ib tug fetus loj nrog lub plab nqaim ntawm tus poj niam.
- xa khoom sai. Qhov no kuj yog ib qho pathology ntawm kev yug me nyuam, thaum lub ncauj tsev menyuam qhib tam sim ntawd, thiab tus menyuam yug hauv ob peb feeb. Vim li no, kev yug me nyuam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub chav dej pej xeem, hauv khw. Niam tsis muaj sij hawm los ua dab tsi, tsuas yog coj txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab xav txog yuav ua li cas khi txoj hlua.
- Kev raug mob ntawm tus txha caj qaum tsis tshua muaj.
Fetal presentation
Thaum cev xeeb tub, tus poj niam mus ntsib ultrasound peb zaug, qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab yuav tsum tau kho. Txog 28 lub lis piam nws tsis muaj teeb meem.vim lub fetus tseem tsiv mus nyob dawb hauv lub tsev menyuam. Twb tau tom qab 30 lub lis piam, ib feem peb ntawm cov poj niam ntawm 100 muaj tus menyuam hauv plab hauv kev nthuav qhia breech. Thiab ze rau kev yug menyuam, tsuas yog 1-3 ntawm lawv tuav lawv txoj haujlwm. Tus so yog tig taub hau mus rau lub ncauj tsev menyuam. Nws yog txoj hauj lwm no uas ua kom lub cev muaj zog los ntawm txoj kev yug me nyuam.
Kev tuag ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab hauv plab hauv qhov kev nthuav qhia tau tshwm sim ob peb xyoos dhau los. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qee zaum, tus menyuam yug los tsis muaj teeb meem, tab sis nyob rau lwm qhov, kev txuas ntawm caj npab thiab tilting ntawm lub taub hau tshwm sim, thiab tus menyuam hauv plab tsis tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm lub tsev menyuam. Niaj hnub no, ntxiv nrog rau kev phais mob, muaj ntau cov txheej txheem kev yug menyuam, uas yog tsim los pab txhawb txoj hauv kev ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab kom txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm asphyxia.
Patological anatomical diagnostics
Tom qab yug me nyuam tuag lawm, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tshuaj xyuas lub cev thiab txiav txim siab txog thaum tuag. Ntau heev tuaj yeem hais txawm tias los ntawm sab nrauv. Thiab ntawm no nws yog qhov tseeb ua tau kom taug qab cov ciam teb ntawm antenatal thiab intranatal fetal tuag. Nrog intrauterine tuag ua ntej pib ntawm lub sij hawm yug me nyuam, ib tug pronounced maceration ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog pom. Ntawd yog, fetus pib decompose txawm nyob rau hauv lub uterine kab noj hniav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tuag thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm, qhov no yuav tsis tau (nyob rau hauv heev mob, tej zaum nws yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv me me qhov chaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij).
Ntawd yog, kev hais lus maceration tuaj yeem suav tias yog lub cim ntawm kev yug menyuam. Lub placenta vim qhov kev txiav ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab thiab kev khaws cia ntawm leej niamntshav ncig ua anemic vim yog compression ntawm nws cov hlab ntsha. Nws kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb. Nws tso cai rau koj kom nkag siab qhov tshwm sim, nyob rau theem twg tus me nyuam hauv plab nres nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb. Thiab tseem yuav kawm paub meej tias nws yog dab tsi - intrapartum fetal death.
Qee cov txheeb cais
Qhov teeb meem ntawm cov menyuam mos tuag yog mob rau cov tshuaj niaj hnub. Cov nuj nqis tau maj mam poob qis, niaj hnub no ntau tus menyuam yaus tuag tsawg dua hauv kev yug menyuam dua 50 xyoo dhau los. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov qib tseem siab heev. Intranatal poob, nrog rau kev poob cev xeeb tub, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau tib neeg, txo kev koom tes ntawm txhua tiam neeg hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib raug zoo li ntawm 2%.
Kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov xwm txheej txaus ntshai qhia tias qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim thaum cev xeeb tub lig. Intrapartum fetal tuag feem ntau tshwm sim hauv pawg hnub nyoog 32 txog 36 xyoo. Muaj ntau tus niam tsev hauv pab pawg poj niam uas poob menyuam thaum yug menyuam dua li cov neeg ua haujlwm. Qhov zoo ntawm cov qauv tseem nrog cov poj niam uas muaj kev kawm theem nrab lossis kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Lub xub ntiag ntawm tus cwj pwm phem tau sau tseg hauv 29% ntawm cov poj niam. Kwv yees li ntawm 20% ntawm heredity tau ua rau mob qog noj ntshav, kab mob endocrine, mob hlwb thiab cawv.
Rau 80% ntawm cov poj niam, kev tuag hauv plab yog qhov xwm txheej loj, raws li tus menyuam tau tos ntev thiab xav tau heev. Tsuas yog ib feem tsib ntawm cov neeg mob tsis tau sau npe nyob rau hauv lub dispensary rau cev xeeb tub. Feem ntau, uas yog 97%, tsis tu ncua mus ntsib kws kho mob thiab ua raws li tag nrho cov lus pom zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, feem ntau (55%) muaj kev pheej hmoo siab perinatal hauv daim npav.
Kuaj kab mob
Ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov neeg mob tau mob plawv mob hnyav. Hauv 68% ntawm cov neeg mob, lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub yog qhov nyuaj los ntawm kev mob ntshav qab zib. Kwv yees li ntawm 14% ntawm cov neeg mob yog vim muaj cov kab mob endocrine, rog rog lossis rog. Hauv 43%, cev xeeb tub tau tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm SARS. 24% muaj keeb kwm ntawm pyelonephritis. Tau kawg, qhov no tsis tau txhais hais tias nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm xws li kab mob thaum yug me nyuam yuav muaj ib tug zoo xws li cov tshwm sim. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ceeb toom txog cov kab mob ntev. Qee lub sij hawm tsis quav ntsej txog txoj cai yooj yim no ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov. Plaub caug lub lim tiam, ua haujlwm nyuaj, tus menyuam tuag, tab sis ua caesarean ntawm 38 lub lis piam thiab txoj sia yuav dim.
Cov Lus Qhia
lawv tsis kawg kiag li. Txoj kev tshawb fawb txog qhov ua rau, kuaj mob thiab tiv thaiv kev tuag ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab hauv plab yog tag nrho cov kev taw qhia hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm kaum ob tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm obstetrics, obstetrics thiab gynecology, neonatology. Txawm hais tias kev tuag ntawm tus menyuam mos thaum yug menyuam tau poob qis, nws tseem yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas.
Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog: thaum ntxov ntawm kev ua plees ua yi, mob qog noj ntshav thiab gynecological keeb kwm (kev rho menyuam tawm), kab mob plawv thiab ntshav ntshav, kab mob sib kis thaum cev xeeb tub, polyhydramnios, hem nchuav menyuam, kab mob ntawm qhov chaw mos. Kev yug ntxov ntxov kuj tseem suav tias yog qhov muaj peev xwm hem, vim qee yam lub cev txiav txim siab tshem tawmlos ntawm fetus ua ntej.
Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias niaj hnub no muaj tsawg leej yug hauv tsev. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib lub chaw tshwj xeeb uas cov kws kho mob coj mus kuaj. Ntawm ib sab, qhov no yog qhov zoo thiab yog. Ntawm qhov tod tes, tib neeg yam tsis tuaj yeem sau tawm hauv qhov no. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, kaum ob tus poj niam dhau los ntawm ib tus kws kho mob, txhua tus mob thiab txaus ntshai. Thiab nws muaj nws tus kheej cov teeb meem, nws xav tawm hauv tsev sai sai. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev puas tsuaj rau tus me nyuam hauv plab nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm "obstetric aggression". Muaj cov kev tshawb fawb uas tau pom tias kev poob cev xeeb tub feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau theem thib ob ntawm kev ua haujlwm, lub sijhawm ntawm kev saib xyuas obstetric.
Yog vim li cas thiaj li tsim lub tswv yim tshiab niaj hnub no, raws li cov kws kho mob yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev deb tshaj plaws thiab cuam tshuam rau kev yug menyuam thaum tsim nyog. Hais txog qhov no, lawv kuj muaj cov kev kawm rau cov niam txiv uas xav tau, kom thaum lawv nkag mus hauv tsev kho mob me nyuam, lawv paub tias lawv yuav ntsib dab tsi thiab tsis txhob ntshai.
Siv qhov xaus
Hnub no, qhov teeb meem loj uas ntsib cov tsev kho mob niaj hnub raug txiav txim siab. Kev tuag ntawm tus me nyuam hauv plab thaum yug me nyuam yog qhov hnyav rau txhua tus poj niam, vim tias feem ntau qhov no yog tus menyuam nyiam thiab twb tau hlub lawm. Hauv qhov no, lub ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau kawm ntxiv, thiab cov lus xaus yuav tsum tau qhia rau kws kho mob. Maj mam, qhov feem pua ntawm kev poob hauv lub cev yuav tsum txo qis.
Pom zoo:
Txoj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob: lub tswv yim, hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov kws kho mob cov lus pom zoo
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