Yeeb yam yog dab tsi? Genetics thiab nws hom

2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:45

Yuav luag txhua leej txhua tus paub tias nws yog dab tsi. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev tshawb fawb, heredity yog lub peev xwm ntawm lub cev los xa cov kev loj hlob thiab cov yam ntxwv rau nws cov xeeb ntxwv. Txhua tus menyuam yaus dhau los ntawm nws niam nws txiv qee tus cwj pwm thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsos, qhov no yog cov lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm dab tsi tshwm sim. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub cev muaj peev xwm txais yuav hom metabolism, thiab kab mob, thiab inclinations. Qhov no yog vim DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), cov khoom siv caj ces.

noob caj noob ces

Txawm tias muaj ntau tus menyuam yaus paub tias kev xeeb tub yog dab tsi, tab sis deb ntawm txhua tus paub tias kev tshawb fawb ntawm noob caj noob ces.

Nyob ntawm noob caj noob ces

Yog peb tham txog tib neeg caj ces lawv muab faib ua hom hauv qab no:

1. Nrov. Koom nrog kev kawm txog cov txheej txheem caj ces hauv cov pab pawg neeg uas tshwm sim hauv qee qhov kev sib yuav, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov pauv, kev xaiv, kev cais lossis kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov neeg. Nws kuj kawm txog tus qauv tsim ntawm tib neeg genotype.
2. YBiochemical. Koom nrog hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb, tshuaj tua kab mob biochemical syntheses, thaum sivcov txheej txheem niaj hnub tshaj plaws ntawm biochemistry (electrophoresis, analyses, chromatography, thiab lwm yam).
3. YCytogenetics. Nws koom nrog hauv kev kawm txog cov khoom nqa khoom ntawm kev xeeb tub, uas yog, nws kawm chromosomes, lawv cov haujlwm thiab cov qauv.
4. Immunogenetics. Nws sawv tawm vim yog tsim los ntawm ntau cov cim immunological. Yeej, cov no yog cov antigens ntawm leukocytes thiab erythrocytes, pawg protein ntawm cov ntshav ntshav.

Nyob ntawm noob neej

Hnub no, hom kev sib txawv hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:

1. Nuclear. Nws yog txuam nrog kev sib kis ntawm cov yam ntxwv (tshwj xeeb), uas nyob rau hauv cov chromosomes ntawm lub nucleus. Nws lub npe thib ob yog chromosomal.

Cov Cai rau hom kev qub txeeg qub teg nuclear:

• autosomal recessive qub txeeg qub teg yog tsawg (tsis yog nyob rau hauv txhua tiam). Yog tias ob leeg niam txiv muaj cov tsos mob no, cov menyuam yaus tsis tuaj yeem zam tau. Nws kuj tuaj yeem muaj nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam ntawm cov niam txiv uas tsis muaj cov cim zoo li no;
• autosomal dominant tshwm sim hauv txhua tiam. Yog tias tsawg kawg yog ib tus niam txiv muaj qhov zoo, tus menyuam kuj yuav muaj;
• holandric (txuas mus rau Y-chromosome) tsuas yog ib tug txiv neej zoo thiab muaj ntau. Dhau los ntawm tus txiv neej kab;
• recessive nrog X chromosome yog tsawg. Hauv cov poj niam, nws tsuas yog yog leej txiv muaj qhov kos npe no;
• dominant nrog X - chromosome tshwm sim hauv cov poj niam 2 zaug ntau dua.

2. Cytoplasmic. Nws yog nthuav tawm los ntawm kev sib piv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ntau yam sib txawvcrosses.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tib neeg yuav coj txawv txawv. Qhov tseeb no yog ntaus nqi los ntawm heredity. Tab sis txawm hais tias nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv tib neeg lub neej thiab kev loj hlob, ib puag ncig kuj tseem ceeb heev. Qhov kawg tsim ntawm tus cwj pwm yog nyob ntawm kev kawm ntawm lub hlwb thiab lub cev ntawm ib tug neeg. Keeb kwm thiab ib puag ncig yog ib txwm txuas. Qhov ib puag ncig zoo dua, qhov ntau dua nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsa tus neeg tsim nyog los ntawm tus menyuam, txawm tias cov noob caj noob ces tawm ntau yam uas xav tau. Tam sim no, tau txais cov lus teb rau lo lus nug: "Yuav ua li cas yog noob neej?", koj tuaj yeem tsa tus neeg zoo.