Tetanus: cov tsos mob ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Cov cim qhia thiab kab mob ntawm tetanus. Kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob

2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:46

Tetanus yog ib yam kab mob uas tau paub txij thaum ub. Tus kws kho mob nto moo Hippocrates tau piav qhia meej txog nws cov tsos mob hauv xyoo pua 5 BC. Tab sis ntau rau txhua tus neeg txoj kev tu siab, lub ntsiab lus ntawm tetanus tseem cuam tshuam hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no. Qhov no yog txuam nrog coob tus neeg tuag los ntawm tus kab mob no. Cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau tias kwv yees li 160,000 tus neeg thoob ntiaj teb tuag los ntawm tetanus txhua xyoo.

Short description

Tetanus yog ib yam kab mob loj heev. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tso tawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab kev kho mob sai sai. Yuav kom nkag siab tag nrho cov teeb meem ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no, nws yog txaus kom muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais tias 30-50% ntawm cov neeg mob tuag. Ntawm lawv yog cov uas tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus. Hauv cov tebchaws uas muaj cov tshuaj tsis tau tsim kho, daim duab no nce mus txog 85-90%.

Tetanus ua rau cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob uas nkag mus rau hauv lub cev los ntawm qhov txhab thiab lwm yam tawv nqaij. Qhov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws rau lawv cov kev tsim tawm yog kub thiab av noo. Hnub Wednesday. Tias yog vim li cas feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov neeg tuag los ntawm tetanus tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xeev equatorial ntawm Africa, Asia thiab Latin America. Tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe muaj kev vam meej, ntau txhiab tus neeg tuag los ntawm tus kab mob no txhua xyoo. Raws li qhov no, nws tsis tuaj yeem hais tias cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw muaj kev vam meej muaj kev nyab xeeb.

Tetanus kab mob

Tetanus kab mob yog cov tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg Bacillaceae. Raws li ib txwm muaj, lawv cov kev tsim tawm tshwm sim hauv cov tsiaj thiab tib neeg txoj hnyuv. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis muaj kev phom sij kiag li. Thaum lawv nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov txhab thiab nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm tsis muaj oxygen kiag li, cov bacilli nyob ntsiag to tau txais tus cwj pwm txawv kiag li. Muaj ib qho kev tawm sai sai ntawm cov tshuaj lom los ntawm lawv, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov kab mob muaj zog tshaj plaws. Lawv lub zog yog nrawm heev, ib yam li kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob hu ua tetanus. Cov tsos mob hauv cov menyuam yaus qee zaum pom nyob rau ob peb teev tom qab kis kab mob. Cov khoom pov tseg ntawm cov kab mob tsis muaj teeb meem yog tias nqos tau, vim tias lawv tsis nqus los ntawm cov mucous membrane. Tab sis thaum cua sov los yog nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm ultraviolet rays, lawv tuag sai txaus.

Koj kis tus kab mob tetanus li cas?

Yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum muaj kev raug mob lossis kev puas tsuaj rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij lossis cov mucous membranes. Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog incised qhov txhab ntawm qhov tob zoo, vim nws yog nyob rau hauv lawv hais tias tsim ntawm zoo tagnrho rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev puas tsuaj.microorganism tej yam kev mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua kom tus kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog kub hnyiab, frostbite thiab kab mob inflammatory. Tus me nyuam mos tuaj yeem kis tau tus kab mob tetanus los ntawm txoj hlab ntaws yog tias nws tau raug txiav nrog cov cuab yeej txiav tsis zoo.

Muaj ntau tus kab mob ua rau tus kab mob no nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej. Lawv yog:

• hauv tsev plua plav;
• lub ntiaj teb;
• ntsev thiab dej tshiab;
• feces ntawm cov tsiaj feem ntau.

Spores thiab vegetative configurations ntawm tetanus bacillus muaj nyob rau hauv tib neeg txoj hnyuv.

Qib rhiab rau tus kab mob no siab heev nyob rau txhua pab pawg hnub nyoog, tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov menyuam yaus raug kaw thaum muaj hnub nyoog 3-7 xyoo.

Lub sijhawm incubation rau tetanus yog dab tsi?

Ntev npaum li cas rau tus kab mob tetanus tshwm sim? Lub incubation ntawm tus kab mob yuav siv sij hawm sib txawv ntawm lub sij hawm - los ntawm 1-2 hnub mus rau 2 lub hlis. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov ntsuas nruab nrab yog 1-2 lub lis piam. Qhov hnyav ntawm tus kab mob nws tus kheej nyob ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm incubation lub sij hawm: qhov me me, tus kab mob hnyav dua thiab qhov muaj peev xwm tuag ntau dua.

Lub sijhawm no, cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom nruab nrab thiab lawv cov kev tsim tawm pib. Nws yog nrog los ntawm kev tso tawm cov tshuaj lom neeg tuag taus. Cov neeg mob lub sijhawm no tuaj yeem pom muaj cov cim hauv qab no:

• mob taub hau;
• saw;
• muscle tension;
• nce qib ntawm kev chim siab;
• insomnia thiab lwm yam mob neuropsychiatric.

daim duab kho mob thiab thawj cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob

Qhov pib ntawm tus kab mob feem ntau yog mob. Tsawg heev yog cov xwm txheej ntawm kev sau npe ntawm lub sijhawm me me prodromal. Nws tau nthuav tawm los ntawm cov tsos mob hauv qab no:

• malaise;
• mob taub hau;
• lub xeev nruj thiab cov leeg nqaij qhov chaw raug mob thiab tetanus tsim.

Cov cim thawj feem ntau yog muffled rub qhov mob ntawm qhov chaw mob, txawm tias nws twb tau kho lawm. Ntawm thawj cov cim tshwj xeeb ntawm tus kab mob, cov tsos mob uas yuav qhia tau tias tetanus, yog:

• kev tshwm sim ntawm lub lockjaw (convulsive contraction) ntawm zom cov nqaij, uas ua rau qhib qhov ncauj;
• muaj lub ntsej muag luag ntxhi, vim lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntsej muag dhau los ua siab phem thuam (lub hauv pliaj wrinkles, qhov muag ntsws, daim di ncauj lengthens hauv luag ntxhi);
• tshwm sim ntawm dysphagia (nqus tau mob), qhov ua rau uas yog convulsive spasm ntawm cov leeg ntawm lub pharynx;
• txha caj dab.

thawj 3 yam tsos mob yog tus kab mob tetanus.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub sijhawm ncov ntawm tetanus

Lub sijhawm ntawm qhov siab ntawm tus kab mob no yog 8-12 hnub. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv hnyav, nws nce 2-3 zaug. Lub sijhawm ntawm theem ntawm tus kab mob no nyob ntawm cov hauv qab no:

• nrawm nkag mus rau tus kws kho mob;
• muaj lossis tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv;
• ntsuasdaim tawv nqaij puas.

Tetanus feem ntau pom nyob rau theem no. Cov tsos mob hauv menyuam yaus yog:

• convulsive contractions ntawm lub ntsej muag nqaij, qhov tsos ntawm tus yam ntxwv luag nyav;
• nyuaj nqos mov;
• cov nqaij ntshiv ntawm caj npab thiab lub plab yog nruj heev;
• mob convulsions;
• tawm hws tseem ceeb;
• mob insomnia;
• apnea, cyanosis; asphyxia;
• ua txhaum txoj kev tso zis thiab ntshav ncig;
• qhov kub nce ntxiv.

Thaum tsis tau txhaj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus, qhov ua rau tus neeg mob tuag yog qhov ua pa ntawm cov leeg ua pa lossis tuag tes tuag taw ntawm lub plawv. Tsis tas li ntawm cov feem ntau ua rau tuag, qhov chaw tseem ceeb belongs rau myocardial infarction, sepsis, embolism thiab pneumonia.

Tetanus hauv cov menyuam yug tshiab

Yog tias peb tham txog cov menyuam yug tshiab, cov kab mob no yog qhov hnyav tshaj plaws rau lawv, thiab yuav luag 100% ntawm cov neeg mob muaj qhov tshwm sim tuag taus. Rau cov menyuam mos, ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kab mob xws li tetanus yog yam ntxwv. Thawj cov cim qhia yog kev ntxhov siab, shudder ntawm lub puab tsaig, ua txhaum ntawm nqos thiab nqus reflex. Tom qab no, cov leeg nqaij spasm ntawm lub caj dab thiab cov convulsions pib. Feem ntau tus menyuam yug tshiab tuag thawj hnub tom qab pib tus kabmob.

Lub sijhawm rov qab los

Yog cov niam txiv qhia tus menyuam uas muaj tus kab mob tetanus rau cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob raws sijhawm, kev kho mob maj mam tshwm sim thiab cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no ploj mus dhau sijhawm. Lub sijhawm ntawm theem no mus txog 2 lub hlis. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, tus menyuam muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim ntau yam teebmeem. Hauv qhov no, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas nws tus mob tas li.

Tom qab rov qab los, tej zaum yuav muaj cov teebmeem seem uas tau pom nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev txaus. Cov no muaj xws li nqaij tawv, tsis muaj zog, thiab lwm yam.

kab mob daim ntawv

Muaj cov mob me, nruab nrab thiab hnyav tetanus raws li qhov hnyav.

Daim ntawv me yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus. Lub sijhawm ntawm lub sijhawm incubation yog 14-20 hnub, thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov tsos mob tshwm sim tshaj 5-6 hnub. Nws yog characterized by:

• qaug zog ntawm kev mob tetanic convulsions (lossis tsis muaj);
• cov nqaij leeg hauv zos convulsive spasms (cov tsos mob ntawm tetanus ntawm lossis ze ntawm qhov txhab);
• mild leeg hypertonicity;
• tsis muaj lossis me ntsis tshwm sim ntawm dysphagia thiab tachycardia;
• zoo li qub lossis subfebrile kub.

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm tus mob tetanus:

• lub sijhawm pib - 15-20 hnub;
• kev txhim kho ntawm cov tsos mob tseem ceeb - 3-4 hnub;
• mob hnyav ntawm tag nrho cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob;
• tsis muaj asphyxia thiab nqos tsis zoo.

Daim ntawv hnyav yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub sijhawm luv luv - 7-14 hnub. Hauv qhov no, tetanus tshwm sim hauv 1-2 hnub. Cov tsos mob ntawm cov menyuam yaustshwm kom meej meej. Tab sis cov teeb meem uas ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub neej feem ntau tsis tshua muaj.

Kev kho Tetanus

Ib tug menyuam uas muaj tus kab mob tetanus xav tau kev xa mus rau tsev kho mob sai. Kev kho mob tshwj xeeb yog cov ntaub ntawv txaus ntshai yog ua tom qab pw hauv tsev kho mob hauv chav saib xyuas mob hnyav.

Ib qho kev ntsuas tsim nyog yog kev phais mob, thaum lub sij hawm txiav tawm ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg puas thiab tshem tawm txawv teb chaws lub cev.

Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kab mob tetanus bacillus los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg necrotic, kev kho tshuaj tua kab mob tau ua. Feem ntau, nws muaj feem xyuam rau kev teem sijhawm ntawm koob tshuaj penicillin hauv cov hlab ntsha. Lub sijhawm ntawm kev kho mob zoo li no yog tsawg kawg 10 hnub. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm intolerance rau penicillin, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus, uas muaj tetracycline.

Cov me nyuam mob raug kho nrog tib neeg immunoglobulin. Nws yog siv ib zaug intramuscularly. Nyob rau hauv parallel nrog nws, subcutaneous txhaj tshuaj ntawm tetanus toxoid yog nqa tawm peb zaug. Lub sijhawm ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj yog 5-7 hnub.

Yuav kom txo tau tus mob ntawm tus menyuam, nws tau muab kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb thiab nyob ntsiag to. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kho mob tshwm sim tshwm sim, uas cuam tshuam txog kev mob tetanus li cas. Cov tsos mob ntawm menyuam yaus raug tswj los ntawm kev ua cov hauv qab no:

• kho mob;
• txo qis qaug dab peg;
• tiv thaiv kab mob sepsis thiab mob ntsws;
• txhim kho qhov cua;
• pab mob.

Kev Tiv Thaivkab mob tetanus

Vim qhov no yog kab mob tuag taus, kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb heev. Lawv pab txhawb kom txo qis ntawm cov ntu ntawm qhov pib ntawm tus kab mob, pab txhawb kev kawm thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm tetanus. Kev tiv thaiv yog qhov tshwj xeeb thiab tsis yog tshwj xeeb.

Ib yam tsis tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv qhov pib ntawm tus kab mob hauv cov menyuam yaus yog ua cov haujlwm hauv qab no:

• kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm;
• kev saib xyuas qhov txhab tau pom zoo nrog tshuaj tua kab mob.

Kev tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus tshwj xeeb yog ua txhua hnub lossis ceev. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus yog los tsim kev tiv thaiv tus kheej thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus yog ua raws li lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj - 3 zaug tom qab lub hlis thib peb ntawm lub neej thiab rov ua dua tom qab 1-1.5 xyoo.

Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob Tetanus rau cov menyuam yaus tsis yog qhov lees paub ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig mus tas li rau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tus kab mob no. Nws tsuas yog txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab pab tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus bacilli uas pom lawv tus kheej hauv lub cev.