Kev tshawb fawb txog kev paub hauv pawg 2nd junior: cov ncauj lus, lub hom phiaj thiab lub hom phiaj

2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:25

Kev loj hlob ntawm me nyuam ib txwm los ua ntej rau niam txiv uas hlub thiab saib xyuas. Thiab thaum tus menyuam muaj hnub nyoog 3-4 xyoos xwb, cov niam txiv yeej ib txwm sim siv txhua yam kev kawm ua si rau menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 4 xyoos. Ib tug me nyuam nyob rau hnub nyoog no twb tau mus kawm kindergarten. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab kev tshawb fawb kev ua ub no ntawm preschoolers xyuas kom meej lub continuation ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm tsev neeg thiab kindergarten.

Tus nqi ntawm kev txhim kho cov haujlwm

Txhua tus menyuam txoj haujlwm qhia qee yam lossis txhawb kev txawj ntse uas twb muaj lawm. Tib yam siv rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev txawj ntse hauv pawg 2nd junior. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm nws qhov kev siv, tus menyuam txaus siab rau nws txoj kev xav paub thiab txaus siab rau kev sim nrog cov khoom ntawm lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig thiab kev paub txog lawv cov khoom.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev paub-kev tshawb fawb kev ua haujlwm yog tsim cov tswv yim pib txog cov ntaub ntawv uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom. Cov menyuam kawm paub lub hom phiaj ntawm cov khoom thiab kawm siv lawv kom raug.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov haujlwm no rau cov menyuam hnub nyoog 3-4 xyoos yog raws li hauv qab no:

• tsim teeb meem kev ua si rau tus menyuam, cuam tshuam nws nkag mus rau hauv nws (lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tseem yog tus kws qhia);
• ua kom lub siab xav ntawm cov menyuam los daws qhov teeb meem tam sim no thiab nrhiav txoj hauv kev tshiab tawm ntawm nws (tus kws qhia ntawv koom nrog hauv qhov no);
• pab txhawb kev txhim kho kev kawm paub ntau ntxiv ntawm cov khoom thiab cov khoom ntawm lub ntiaj teb.

Qhov kev nyiam tshaj plaws yog kos rau cov khoom ntawm tej yam ntuj tso khoom uas cov me nyuam "nrhiav" rau lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sim nyob rau hauv kev txawj ntse kev tshawb fawb kev ua ub no. Cov menyuam yaus feem ntau kawm txog dej, xuab zeb, av nplaum, ntawv, pob zeb, nroj tsuag, thiab lwm yam.

Txoj kev paub ntawm lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig

Kev tshawb fawb txog kev paub ntawm cov menyuam yaus preschool yog nyob ntawm kev soj ntsuam. Tus menyuam nyiam saib cov xibfwb qhia ntawv hauv kindergarten lossis niam txiv hauv tsev. Tej zaum lawv kuj xav saib qhov xwm txheej thiab nws qhov tshwm sim, xws li kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo thiab tsob ntoo, kev kawm ntawm nplooj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Tsis tas li, kev tshawb fawb txog kev paub hauv pawg 2nd junior yog txuam nrog kev ua thiab khoom. Txhawm rau kawm txog cov khoom, nws lub hom phiaj thiab cov khoom, tus menyuam ua haujlwm ntau yam nrog nws.manipulation.

Siv lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev paub lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig, tus menyuam txhim kho txhua yam ntawm tus cwj pwm, muaj kev txaus siab thiab xav kawm txog lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig. Tus me nyuam pib paub qhov txawv ntawm lub neej, txawm nyob rau hauv nws qhov zoo tshaj plaws manifestations. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov menyuam yaus preschool, yuav tsum tau khaws cia, hwm thiab tiv thaiv qhov xwm txheej.

Kev ua si rau menyuam yaus

Kev tsim ua si rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 4 xyoos yuav tsum ua raws li kev ua ub no ntawm cov menyuam yaus nrog kev pabcuam uas lawv kawm thiab kawm txog lub ntiaj teb no. Raws li koj paub, nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog no, qhov muag pom-figurative xav yog lub ntsiab. Yog li ntawd, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev pom hauv qhov no tsuas yog tsim nyog rau kev qhia cov menyuam yaus.

Hauv cov txheej txheem kev kawm, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov kev sib tham thematic uas muaj cov duab, duab, duab, clippings, templates. Qhov no yuav pab tsim cov duab tiav hauv tus menyuam lub cim xeeb.

Kev paub kuj nrov hauv kev qhia. Hom kev ua ub no suav nrog kev pom, cov ntaub ntawv, thiab kev ua tau zoo. Cov menyuam yaus nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes tuaj yeem kawm cov khoom thiab cov cim qhia ntawm cov khoom. Thaum lub sij hawm ua qhov kev sim, tus me nyuam tsim txhua yam kev puas siab puas ntsws, tshwj xeeb, kev xav. Cov haujlwm tsim nyog tshaj plaws - kev tshuaj xyuas, kev sib txuas thiab kev sib piv - txhim kho hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no.

Lwm hom kev ua si rau cov menyuam yaus uas pab ua kom paub qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig yog kev ua si. Nov yog hom kev kawm yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab nkag siab tshaj plaws rau tus menyuam. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua si, nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev unobtrusive, tus me nyuam plays cov xwm txheej uas pab kom meej meej cov khoom thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm cov khoom.

Tag nrho cov dej num no pab kom tus menyuam nkag siab txog lub ntiaj teb nyuaj no.

Cov ntawv tshawb fawb ua haujlwm

Kev siv cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev txawj ntse tshwm sim hauv ntau hom:

• experimentation;
• kev tshawb fawb;
• nco;
• design.

Hauv thawj peb xyoos, kev tshawb nrhiav lub ntiaj teb yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov menyuam yaus. Tias yog vim li cas cov menyuam yaus thiaj li nyiam ua txhua yam thiab feem ntau siv nws yuam kev kom paub nws qhov ua tau. Kev sim ua ib txoj hauv kev ua tau raws li txhua qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua thiab ua kom txaus siab rau cov qauv kev xav ntawm preschooler.

Ib kauj ruam ntawm cov menyuam txoj kev sim

1. Nqe lus hais txog qhov teeb meem thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev kawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov teeb meem.
2. Kev twv ua ntej thiab qhov tshwm sim tau.
3. Kev qhia txog kev nyab xeeb thiab qhia meej cov cai rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev sim.
4. Lub sijhawm koom nrog (kev faib cov menyuam yaus ua pab pawg, xaiv lub luag haujlwm thiab ua tiav ib qho).
5. Kev sim (ua ke nrog tus kws qhia).
6. Kev ntsuas qhov kev tshawb fawb.
7. Kho lawv hauv cov txheej txheem.
8. Sau xaus.

Kev koom tes ntawm kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig hauv pab pawg

Qee qhov kev sim tau ua rau ntawm txoj kev thiab tsis tas yuav muaj cov cwj pwm ntxiv. Piv txwv li, txhawm rau soj ntsuam cov noog tsiv teb tsaws los yog bud o nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov kev sim uas xav tau cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv rau lawv qhov kev siv. Nws yog rau kev nkag mus tas li thiab muaj peev xwm ua qhov kev sim sai li sai tau hauv cov chav pab pawg uas tsim cov chav kuaj me me uas cov khoom tsim nyog tau khaws cia.

Mini-laboratories, dhau los, kuj tau muab faib ua qee thaj chaw. Namely:

• cheeb tsam ntawm kev nthuav tawm mus tas li ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kev kawm;
• chaw khaws khoom;
• thaj chaw cog qoob loo;
• ntim rau khaws cov khoom ntuj thiab pov tseg;
• thaj chaw sim;
• qhov chaw rau cov khoom tsis tsim nyog (dej, xuab zeb).

Txoj kev koom tes ntawm kev sim hauv pab pawg hluas

Txij thaum lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov menyuam yaus hauv pab pawg hluas thib ob yog txij li 3-4 xyoos, muaj qee yam hauv kev tsim cov chav kawm.

Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog no tuaj yeem tsim txoj kev sib raug zoo tshaj plaws. Thiab yog li ntawd, thaum lo lus nug "Vim li cas?" tshwm sim, lawv sim teb nws ntawm lawv tus kheej. Tsis yog txhua tus menyuam yaus, tom qab ntau qhov kev sim siab thiab ua yuam kev, siv rau kev pab ntawm cov neeg laus. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog no, stubbornness thiab ywj siab yeej yeej nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam. Nyob rau ntawm no, koj kuj yuav tsum tau ceev faj heev, vim hais tias yog tus me nyuam teb tsis ncaj ncees lawmrau lo lus nug "Vim li cas?" thiab, yog li ntawd, tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo tsis raug, ces cov tswv yim tsis raug txog lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig nws yuav raug kho hauv nws lub cim xeeb.

Thaum lub hnub nyoog qis dua, kev paub thiab kev tshawb fawb yog ua raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov tsiaj txhu thiab cov tsiaj tsis muaj sia los ntawm kev sim thiab kev sim. Rau cov menyuam yaus, qhov kev sim yog qhov kev lees paub ntawm lawv txoj kev nkag siab ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Tseeb tiag, tsis muaj kev paub dhau los, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus hauv lawv lub taub hau tsuas yog qhuav abstractions.

Kev sim yog ib txoj hauv kev uas tus menyuam tuaj yeem pom daim duab ntawm lub ntiaj teb raws li nws qhov kev soj ntsuam thiab kev paub dhau los. Ntxiv nrog rau kev qhia paub, kev sim ua rau tus menyuam nyiam hauv kev tshawb fawb.

Txoj kev no muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws:

• qhov tseeb ntawm cov tswv yim txog cov khoom hauv kev kawm thiab nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog ib puag ncig;
• ua kom nco thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem hlwb ntawm tus menyuam;
• speech development;
• nce kev txawj hlwb;
• tsim kom muaj tus menyuam txoj kev ywj pheej, muaj peev xwm los teeb tsa lub hom phiaj thiab ua tiav lawv, nrhiav kev daws teeb meem teeb meem;
• Kev txhim kho ntawm lub siab-lub siab nyiam ntawm tus menyuam, kev muaj tswv yim, kev txawj ua haujlwm;
• kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev ua kom lub cev muaj zog.

Thaum muaj plaub xyoos, kev paub thiab kev sim zoo li zaj dab neeg game. Qhov no qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus menyuam. Tus kws qhia ntawv muab nws ib zaj dab neeg, uas coj nws mus rau qhov tsim nyog sim ua kom daws tau qhov teeb meem. Kuj tseem muaj lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb, uas suav nrog kev sim ntawm tus menyuam hauv qee yam xwm txheej. Qhov no siv rau kev sim ua ke.

tshawb fawb topic

Txij li thaum lub koom haum ntawm kev tshawb fawb kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv preschool yuav tsum tsim nyog rau qhov kev pab cuam, uas yog, nws yog npaj. Nws muaj cov ncauj lus rau kev ua si nrog menyuam yaus. Lawv tuaj yeem tuav ob sab hauv tsev thiab sab nraum zoov. Txhua yam ntawm kev ua ntawm tus menyuam yaus raug cuam tshuam.

Cov ncauj lus ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev paub yog nyob ntawm qhov hloov pauv raws caij nyoog. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, cov no tej zaum yuav yog "Studying caij nplooj zeeg nplooj", "npaj tsiaj rau lub caij ntuj no", thiab lwm yam. Thaum lub caij ntuj no, cov no tej zaum yuav yog "Kev txiav txim siab qhov kub ntawm cov daus melting", "Icing water", thiab lwm yam. Caij nplooj ntoos hlav cov ntsiab lus yuav yog: "Studying. bud o ntawm tsob ntoo", "Growing paj", thiab lwm yam.

Kev tshawb fawb feem ntau tsis muaj nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, vim muaj coob tus menyuam tsis tuaj kawm ntawv preschool thaum lub sijhawm so haujlwm. Tab sis qhov no tsis txhais hais tias kev loj hlob ntawm cov me nyuam nyob rau lub sij hawm no nres. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, lub luag haujlwm no poob rau ntawm niam txiv.

npaj ua haujlwm

Cov chav kawm hauv qab no tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv cov phiaj xwm kev paub thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov menyuam yaus hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv preschool:

• "Cia dos thiab saib nws txoj kev loj hlob";
• "Studying Stones";
• "Tub ceg tshawb fawb";
• "Autumn Leaves";
• "cov nroj tsuag sab hauv";
• "Rau txiv neej txog tsiaj";
• "Kuv muaj kitten";
• "Golden Autumn";
• "Wizard Voditsa";
• Nyob Noog;
• "Pets";
• "Nyob hauv pog yawg", etc.

Txoj kev ntawm cov chav kawm

Kev paub thiab kev tshawb fawb hauv pawg 2nd junior koom nrog cov menyuam yaus. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj kev hloov pauv hauv lawv cov qauv. Ib yam li lwm yam kev ua ub no, nws muaj qee yam haujlwm. Feem ntau, cov yeeb yam uas yuav tsum tau ua thaum lub sij hawm zaj lus qhia yog raug sau tseg.

Cov theem ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb qhia txog kev ua tiav ntawm cov haujlwm uas tau teev tseg hauv cov haujlwm. Cov hauj lwm ntawm cov phiaj xwm zoo li no tsis tau ua txhua hnub, txij li lawv tau tsom mus rau kev kawm ntev ntawm cov ncauj lus. Lawv piav qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab lawv cov haujlwm ntxiv.

Yog tias peb sib piv cov chav kawm no nrog cov chav kawm pem hauv ntej lossis pab pawg sib koom ua ke, koj yuav pom tias cov ntsiab lus luv dua, nws tsis taug qab cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm lub koom haum lub sijhawm, qhov tseem ceeb thiab qhov kawg. Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm ntev tuaj yeem pom thaum nruab hnub. Yog tias zaj lus qhia tau npaj tseg ntev li 45 feeb, ces cov lus qhia ntawm kev paub thiab kev tshawb fawb hauv pawg 2nd junior tuaj yeem taug qab hauv tsoomfwv lub sijhawm thoob plaws hnub.

Nyob Noog

Cia peb ua piv txwv ntawm zaj lus qhia. caij nplooj zeegKev tshawb fawb txog kev txawj ntse yog ua raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm cov xwm txheej thiab cov tsiaj qus. Cov me nyuam kawm paub cov cim ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tsiaj.

Zaj lus qhia: Migratory Birds.

1. Txoj haujlwm tsom: qhia cov menyuam yaus rau lub tswv yim dav dav ntawm "cov noog tsiv teb tsaws chaw" thiab txheeb xyuas cov noog uas muaj nyob hauv pawg no.
2. Cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv: daim npav ua piv txwv "Migratory thiab wintering noog", didactic material (series of handout pictures "migratory noog").
3. Morning: kawm albums, illustrations in books, encyclopedias.
4. Sib tham nrog cov menyuam thaum nruab hnub: "Yuav ua li cas noog koj paub?", "Cov qauv ntawm cov noog", "Bird food".
5. Tsim thiab ua si ua si: "Ib-ntau", "Insert lo lus ploj", "Xav", "Leej twg ntawm lub cev?", "Nws zoo li leej twg."
6. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kheej: quav cov duab sib cais nrog Leroy, "Bird Lotto" nrog Zakhar.
7. Taug kev: saib cov noog tsiv teb tsaws chaw, nag thiab cua, ntoo tsis muaj nplooj, khaub ncaws ntawm cov neeg taug kev.
8. Kev sim: "Tsim ib lub toj ntawm cov xuab zeb xoob", "Vim li cas cov xuab zeb khiav tawm?"
9. Yav tsaus ntuj: kev kawm thiab kev ua si "Xav cov noog", "Nrhiav tib tus noog", "Nrhiav cov xim zoo", "Tshem lub pyramid".
10. Nyeem: A. Barto "Koj puas xav tau magpie?", E. Blaginina "Yav deb, ya mus", E. Trutneva "Jackdaw", O. Driz "Tus kheej huab cua", I. Tokmakova "Pigeons”, Elgen E. "Bird".

Qhov tshwm sim: kev paub thiab kev muaj peev xwm los faib cov noog tsiv teb tsaws chaw thiab caij ntuj no, sib tham nrog lawvniam txiv.

Game conditions

Kev txhim kho kev ua ub no rau cov menyuam yaus hauv pab pawg 2nd junior yuav tsum tau teeb tsa ua raws li kev pom thiab hnub nyoog ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum ua raws li qee yam xwm txheej:

• pab pawg yuav tsum muaj cov khoom ua si ntawm txhua yam thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg;
• khoom los ntawm cov khoom uas lawv tsim yuav tsum muaj cov khoom sib txawv, nta thiab zoo;
• cov khoom siv ua si yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv tag nrho (cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog no tseem tsis tau tsim lub peev xwm los siv cov khoom siv hloov pauv lossis ua si qee yam kev xav);
• khoom siv ua si yuav tsum tsis yog "rau kev loj hlob", tab sis yuav tsum tau ua raws li lub hnub nyoog.

Ua raws li cov cai no pab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab ua tiav lawv qhov kev xav tau los tshawb nrhiav lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig lawv.

ib ces kaum ntawm tib leeg

Txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam khoom ua si thiab kev pab tsim nyog, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim ib qho chaw hauv pab pawg kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb thiab nyob ntsiag to ntawm tus menyuam. Nyob ntawd nws tuaj yeem tso nws txoj kev xav kom zoo thiab sib sau cov ntaub ntawv tau txais thaum nruab hnub.

Tej zaum hauv kaum tsev no tus menyuam yuav xav ua qee yam kev tshawb fawb. Yog li ntawd nws yog pom zoo kom muab lub ces kaum no nrog ib tug ces kaum ntawm xwm. Los ntawm txoj kev, rau nws tus qauv tsim, koj tuaj yeem siv cov paj uas cov menyuam loj hlob hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev txawj ntse.

Nroj tsuag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas tus menyuam tau muab nws txhais tes, ntxiv kev thaj yeeb rau nws. kuj nyob rau hauvxws li cov ces kaum yog pom zoo kom muaj kev ua si nrog dej thiab xuab zeb. Thaum cov me nyuam kawm lawv cov khoom hauv chav kawm, lawv yuav txaus siab rov ua qhov kev paub no ntawm lawv tus kheej hauv ib lub ces kaum ntawm kev nyob ib leeg.

Cov rooj tog zaum hauv lub ces kaum no yuav tsum yog mos thiab xis, ua rau kev kawm siab ntawm cov yam ntxwv tshiab ntawm cov khoom. Txhawm rau kom muaj txiaj ntsig kev kawm ntawm thaj chaw no, nws raug nquahu kom tso albums thiab cov ntawv xov xwm nrog cov noog, tsiaj txhu thiab kab nyob ntawd. Piv txwv li, yog tias lub lim tiam no koj tab tom xav txog cov khoom thiab cov cim ntawm lub caij ntuj no, koj tuaj yeem muab cov duab kos duab nrog cov duab kos los ntawm cov kws kos duab nto moo pleev xim rau lub caij ntuj no toj roob hauv pes ntawm lub rooj kas fes hauv kaum.

Nyob hauv ib puag ncig zoo, txhua yam ntaub ntawv tseem nco tau zoo dua.