2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:26
Cov ntaub pua plag Turkmen, uas tseem hu ua Bukhara, yog cov tsev neeg nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Niaj hnub no nws yog ib lub teb chaws cim, officially pom zoo. Lub ornament yog muab tso rau ntawm tus chij ntawm lub xeev, cov ntaub pua plag yog lub teb chaws cov khoom muaj nqis, lub teb chaws txawm pom zoo Ntaub Pua Plag Hnub. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees rau kev koom nrog cov khoom no nrog lub xeev niaj hnub. Muaj tseeb - keeb kwm - cov ntaub pua plag nyob tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Turkmenistan, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Uzbekistan, Qaib ntxhw, Tajikistan, thiab lwm lub teb chaws ntawm Central Asia. Nyob rau hauv ib lo lus, nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam yav tas los yog cov pab pawg neeg nomadic.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub pua plag
Cov ntaub pua plag Turkmen tsim lub ntiaj teb rau cov pej xeem hauv zos, thaum lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig yog cov ntaub pua plag nthuav tawm ua ntej cov neeg taug kev xav tsis thoob.
Thawj zaug cov khoom no tshwm sim ntawm cov nomads, cov neeg nyob tsis tau paub txog cov txheej txheemkev tsim khoom - lawv tau koom nrog hauv kev ua paj ntaub. Cov ntaub pua plag qub tshaj plaws tau yug los nyob rau hauv Trans-Caspian suab puam - nws nyob ntawm no uas nyuj breeders roamed. Cov poj niam ntawm cov pab pawg no tsim cov qauv zoo kawg nkaus ntawm kev xaws los ntawm cov yaj ntawm cov ntaub plaub. Cov kws tshaj lij cov ntaub pua plag weavers weave patterned carpets tsis muaj sketch, lawv yuav luag intuitively tsim cov qauv geometric raug.
Cov ntaub pua plag Turkmen yog thawj lub hom phiaj tsis ntau rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj li ua kom sov lub tsev. Cov khoom muag, lub teeb yuag yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau lub neej nomadic. Kev nplua nuj ntawm tsev neeg tau raug soj ntsuam los ntawm qhov muaj cov ntaub pua plag thiab qhov zoo ntawm lawv cov khoom siv. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muaj ib daim pam nees nplua nuj thiab hlua rau cov ntxhuav - cov khoom no ua tim khawv txog kev nplua nuj. Cov ntaub pua plag Turkmen yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom plig, nws qhov zoo tau hais txog tus nkauj nyab lub peev xwm.
Yug cov ntaub pua plag
Txij thaum ancient sij hawm, lawv tau ua rau ntawm lub tshuab yooj yim tshaj plaws: cov ceg txheem ntseeg tau tsav mus rau hauv av ntawm qhov deb sib npaug ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov khoom. Cov tuav tau fastened qab lub pegs, nruab nrab ntawm lub hauv paus yog stretched. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau xav txog tias ntawm thaj tsam ntawm ob lub xib teg (li ib square decimeter), cov ntaub pua plag weaver manually knitted txog yim txhiab knots, txiav cov xov, tom qab ntawd muaj ib pawg ntawm txog li ib thiab ib nrab centimeters. Ua hauj lwm rau ib lub hlis, ib tug craftswoman tuaj yeem xaws li 5 meters ntawm ntaub pua plag.
Txhua lub sijhawm, cov khoom tseem ceeb uas cov ntaub pua plag Turkmen tau ua thiab tseem yog ntaub plaub. Ntau tus neeg, suav nrog Turkmens, ntseeg tias daim tawv nqaij mutton tuaj yeem rov qab kho kev noj qab haus huv thiab ua kom muaj zog. Tom qab ntawdlub sij hawm, cov khoom zoo kawg no tau pib raug ntaus nqi rau yaj ntaub pua plag. Txawm niaj hnub no, lub txaj ntawm tus me nyuam yog npog nrog ntaub los yog ntaub pua plag me me. Ib txoj hlua woolen yog khi ib ncig ntawm tus menyuam lub dab teg, uas yuav tsum tiv thaiv tus menyuam los ntawm qhov muag phem. Cov neeg mob tau qhwv hauv cov khoom siv ntaub plaub.
Patterns
Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias Turkmen cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub pua plag yog lub embodiment ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntawm Turkmens. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ornamental units yog steppes, uas yog paub zoo rau cov nomad. Lub ciam teb zoo nkauj muaj cov ntsiab lus zoo ib yam li cov kab ntawm ntau yam tsiaj - qhov no qhia txog thaj av nyob deb uas tsis muaj leej twg tau mus, tsuas yog tsiaj txhu tuaj yeem taug kev nyob ntawd.
Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nthuav rau cov neeg keeb kwm yog cov khoom dai ntawm qhov rooj. Lawv feem ntau qhia meej txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm nomads txog lub ntiaj teb muaj pes tsawg leeg. Ensi yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug arch, nyob rau hauv qab ntawm uas tsis muaj ciam teb - qhov no qhia tau hais tias txoj kev hloov ntawm lub ntuj lub ntiaj teb no mus rau lub ntiaj teb no nyob. Lub ornament, muaj peb ntu, txhais tau hais tias kev sib tshuam ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb.
Reflection
Lub neej, keeb kwm, kev kos duab ib txwm muaj tshwm sim hauv cov haujlwm ntawm Turkmen artist R. M. Mazel. Nyob rau hauv Ashgabat mus txog rau thaum nruab nrab-1920s, nws tau pleev xim rau ntau paintings nrog oriental motifs, reproductions uas muaj nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv-album "Cov Ntaub pua plag Tales".
Tek
Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, cov khoom no yog tsim los ntawm ntau pab pawg neeg. Nws txawv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tsos, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv functionality. Woolen cov khoom uas muaj cov qauv meej muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua tuspawg. Cov khoom nto moo tshaj plaws yog: Turkmen cov ntaub pua plag nrog cov qauv ntawm pawg neeg Teke, Salors, Yomud, Saryks. Kom txog rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, feem ntau cov zaub dyes tau siv - lawv ua tau los tsim cov ntaub pua plag ntawm cov xim saturated. Bukhara ntaub pua plag yog lub cim ntawm kev vam meej thiab txawm lub hwj chim.
niaj hnub ntaub pua plag
Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, kev tsim cov ntaub pua plag tau dhau los ua ib ceg tseem ceeb ntawm lub xeev kev lag luam. Cov khoom siv tes ua nto moo tshaj plaws hauv Turkmenistan yog cov ntaub pua plag nrog thaj tsam ntawm 301 squares. Nws tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 2001, ob xyoos tom qab ntawd nws tau nkag mus rau hauv Phau Ntawv Cov Ntaub Ntawv.
Hnub no koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tsis tau tsuas yog cov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj xwb, tab sis kuj pom cov ntaub pua plag uas qhia txog tus kheej nto moo. Piv txwv li, lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj cov ntaub pua plag nrog cov duab ntawm Yuri Gagarin, Lenin thiab tus kws sau paj huam Makhtumkuli.
Turkmen Ntaub pua plag Hnub
Hnub so no tau lees paub hauv xyoo 1992, txij li ntawd los nws tau ua kev zoo siab rau hnub Sunday kawg ntawm lub Tsib Hlis. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau ib tug neeg nyob deb ntawm lub teb chaws kab lis kev cai kom to taub yog vim li cas xws li cov xim yog them rau cov hauj lwm ntawm weavers. Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog saib tus chij ntawm lub xeev, nws tsis yooj yim rau kev nkag siab tias cov ntaub pua plag yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kab lis kev cai - nws cov ornament adorns lub cim ntawm lub teb chaws. Tau ntev, cov khoom siv woolen no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub pua plag Turkmen nyob rau sab hauv ib txwm txhais tau hais tias lub zog thiab kev vam meej.
Ib qho kev hais kwv txhiaj loj tab tom npaj ua ib feem ntawm hnub so. Kev ua koob tsheej, kev ua yeeb yam, concerts yog muaj nyob rau hauv theaters, nyob rau theem thiab txawmntaub pua plag weaving enterprises.
Kev ua koob tsheej tseem ceeb yog nyob rau ntawm Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Ntaub pua plag, nyob hauv lub nroog. Tsoom fwv tab tom ua txhua yam kom ua rau hnub so lom zem li sai tau. Qee zaum kev sib tw rau cov ntaub pua plag zoo tshaj plaws tau tshaj tawm los txhawb kev muaj tswv yim.
Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Turkmen ntaub pua plag
Txhawm rau khaws thiab ua kom cov ntaub pua plag rov qab, tsoomfwv tau pib tsim cov Tsev khaws puav pheej Ntaub pua plag. Lub tsev kawm ntawv no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev coj noj coj ua hauv lub tebchaws. Ntau tshaj 2 txhiab cov ntaub pua plag tau nthuav tawm ntawm no, ntawm cov khoom uas muaj cov qauv tsis tshua muaj Turkmen. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej no koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntaub pua plag me tshaj plaws ua rau nqa cov yuam sij. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov ntaub pua plag ntawm no tsis yog tsuas yog nthuav tawm, tab sis kuj rov qab los. Txoj haujlwm no yog qhov nyuaj heev, txij li muaj txog ib thiab ib nrab lab pob hauv ib square meter ntawm ib qho kev kos duab. Ntau yam qauv coj mus tas li mus rau lub tsev cia puav pheej: cov neeg ua haujlwm nrhiav cov khoom qub. Niaj hnub no thaj tsam ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej yog hais txog 5 txhiab square meters. Ntau lub rooj sib tham thiab rooj sab laj muaj nyob ntawm no.
Khaub ncaws khw
Cov ntaub pua plag Bukhara yog nco txog cov cawv txiv hmab zoo - nws tsuas yog zoo dua nrog lub hnub nyoog. Los ntawm kev yuav nws, koj tuaj yeem pib ib qho kev lig kev cai, dhau mus rau cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam. YwjSuab-Zoo-Yaj yuav ua tsaug ntau rau qhov khoom plig no, vim thaum ntawd tus nqi ntaub pua plag yuav kim dua ob peb zaug.
Koj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom Turkmen hauv ib lub khw ntawm Turkmenistan lossis hauv khw. Muaj tseeb tiag, nws tsis yog yooj yim mus nqa ntaub pua plag tawm hauv lub tebchaws,vim nws yog ib lub teb chaws muaj nqis. Koj yuav tsum tau txais daim ntawv tso cai tshwj xeeb, uas yog kim heev. Koj tseem yuav tau them tus nqi ntawm cov khoom thaum thauj los ntawm lub dav hlau.
Lub khw cov ntaub pua plag kuj tuaj yeem pom hauv peb lub tebchaws, ntau qhov kev muab tso rau hauv khw hauv online. Thaum muas, nws yog ntshaw kom xav tau ib daim ntawv pov thawj lees paub qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom. Tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub pua plag tiag tiag yog qhov siab heev, nyob ntawm lub npe ntawm tus tswv uas tsim nws, tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom siv rov qab rau lawv, qhov ntev ntawm pawg. Qhov nruab nrab, tus nqi ib square meter ntawm xws li ib tug neeg txhais tes mus txog 300 las. Txawm li cas los xij, kuj tseem muaj ntau yam khoom kim dua.
Pom zoo:
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