Tabasaran xuas tes ua ntaub pua plag: duab

2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:45

Raws li koj paub, tshuaj yej yog tsim nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb, tsheb yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, thiab zoo kawg nkaus tes-woven pawg ntaub pua plag, striking nyob rau hauv kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov xim ua ke thiab cov qauv, yog ua nyob rau hauv Tabasaran. Nyob rau hauv Dagestan, ntaub pua plag weaving yog suav hais tias yog qhov dav tshaj plaws, ntxiv rau, ib qho ntawm feem ntau hom kev siv kos duab. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav pom dab tsi Tabasaran xuas tes ua ntaub pua plag yog, cov duab uas tau muab hauv qab no.

History of Appearance

Thawj qhov hais txog Dagestan cov ntaub pua plag tuaj yeem pom hauv cov haujlwm ntawm Herodotus "Txiv Neej Keeb Kwm". Dagestan classical ntaub pua plag weaving yog raws li cov kev cai ntawm craftsmen ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Tau ntau pua xyoo, cov neeg European tau xa cov kev lag luam mus rau Tuam Tshoj thiab Persia kom coj cov ntaub pua plag thiab ntaub pua plag los ntawm qhov ntawd. Txhua tus huab tais uas hwm tus kheej lossis cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tus kheej tau tawg ntawm cov ntaub pua plag oriental zoo nkauj heev. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov ntaub pua plag qub tshaj plaws uas tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no tau pom nyob rau xyoo 1949 thaumexcavations, thiab tam sim no muaj nyob rau hauv lub golden sau ntawm lub npe nrov Hermitage.

Purpose

Nws yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov xav tias cov ntaub pua plag yog tsim los ua khoom kim heev. Txawm tias cov ntaub pua plag Tabasaran kim tshaj plaws pib muaj qhov ua haujlwm nqaim.

Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, sab hnub tuaj mas nyob rau ntawm nomads. Thiab dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov neeg nomad? Qhov thib ib yog kev txav mus los zoo, qhov thib ob yog qhov kev npaj ceev ntawm koj lub tsev, qhov thib peb yog kev tiv thaiv kev ruaj ntseg los ntawm cov huab cua tsis zoo, hauv lwm lo lus, kom qhuav thiab sov. Nws yog cov ntaub pua plag uas tau ua tiav tag nrho cov kev xav tau tsim nyog rau lub neej ib txwm muaj ntawm nomads. Tau kawg, cov ntaub pua plag no txawv ntawm cov uas peb pom niaj hnub no. Tab sis qhov no yog qhov pib ntawm cov ntaub pua plag weaving.

Nws tsis yog txog thaum tom qab uas tib neeg pom tias cov ntaub pua plag tuaj yeem ua tau ntau tshaj li cua daj cua dub xwb, nws kuj yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los sawv ntawm koj cov phooj ywg. Yog li, cov khoom siv ntaub pua plag zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj tau pib woven. Qhov no ntxiv coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias kev zoo nkauj, zoo thiab ntau ntawm cov ntaub pua plag pib txiav txim siab txog qib ntawm tib neeg txoj kev vam meej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhua tus thawj coj ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj tau sim ncig nws tus kheej nrog cov khoom lag luam zoo thiab kim, yog li hais txog nws qhov zoo tshaj.

Quality

Los ntawm txoj kev, koj puas paub tias thaum ub txhua lub Tabasaran cov ntaub pua plag raug kuaj xyuas qhov zoo hauv Dagestan? Kev tswj xyuas zoo siv los ua qhov chaw hauv 3 theem. Ua ntej: ib pab tsiaj ntawm nees tau dhau los ntawm cov ntaub pua plag. Thib ob: tom qab ntawd, cov khoom tau khaws cia rau ob peb hnub hauv qabscorching tshav ntuj. Thib peb: cov ntaub pua plag tau dipped rau hauv dej txias, uas lawv tau tso tseg rau ib lub sijhawm. Yog tias tom qab xws li "kev sim" cov khoom siv ntaub pua plag tsis poob nws cov khoom, ces nws ntseeg tau tias tus tswv tau ua haujlwm zoo. Nov yog cov technologies!

Tabasaran VS Persian ntaub pua plag

Puas yog cov ntaub pua plag Tabasaran piv nrog cov ntaub pua plag Iranian (Persian)? Nws tuaj yeem ua tau thiab yuav tsum tau ua. Txawm hais tias ib tug yuav tsum tsis txhob saib tsis taus lub koob meej, txuj ci thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm Iranian craftsmen, qhov tseeb tseem yog qhov tseeb. Cov ntaub pua plag Persian muaj qhov nruab nrab "lifespan" txog li 150 xyoo, thaum Dagestan cov ntaub pua plag "nyob" txog 400 xyoo. Tshwj tsis yog, tau kawg, lawv tau "siv" rau lawv lub hom phiaj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tag nrho cov duab saum toj no tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau cov ntaub pua plag ua los ntawm tes.

Ntau yam

Nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Dagestan, 3 yam ua rau muaj kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov ntaub pua plag: qhov ze ntawm Iran (Persia); qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no yog lub Great Silk Road; nquag nthuav tawm ntawm Islam. Tau ntau pua xyoo, qhov chaw ntawm kev lag luam hauv Caucasus yog lub nroog Derbent, uas tau ua haujlwm nyob nruab nrab ntawm East thiab West. Lub nroog yog ib feem ntawm txoj kev Silk Road. Ntawm chav kawm, qhov no muab impetus rau lub active kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam crafts, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntaub pua plag weaving. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau tus tub lag luam nkag siab tias hauv Derbent nws muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau woolen threads ntawm ntau yam xim thiab xim (cov neeg txawj ntse hauv zos tau txais cov xim ntuj los ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab thiab cov nroj tsuag).

Nws tseem tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib kis hauv North CaucasusIslam. Cov kws txawj ua haujlwm Persian thiab cov tub lag luam tau txaus siab qhia lawv cov lus zais, thiab cov khoom lag luam tau yuav ntau dua los ntawm cov neeg Muslim. Tsis tas li ntawd, los txog rau tam sim no nws yog kev cai ua namaz (thov) ntawm cov ntaub pua tsev, hu ua "kev thov Vajtswv".

Qhov no tag nrho cuam tshuam rau kev txhim kho cov khoom siv tes ua ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv North Caucasus. Txawm hais tias nws yuav coj txawv txawv hais tias tsuas yog Tabasarans txawv ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ntawm cov ntaub pua plag. Nco ntsoov tias qhov no yog suav tias yog lawv cov khoom siv hauv tebchaws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tag nrho cov neeg ntawm Dagestan tau koom nrog cov ntaub pua plag. Yog li ntawd, cov Lezgins nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Kurakh, Akhty, Kasumkent weaving ntaub pua plag nrog zoo heev. Avars los ntawm lub zos Tsada Khunzakh, Gergebil tau tsim cov ntaub pua plag zoo lint-dawb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Dargins los ntawm lub zos Levash tau tsim cov ntaub pua plag. Cov Kumyks nyob hauv cov zos ntawm Kayakent, Durgeli, Buglen tsim cov ntaub pua plag thiab cov ntaub pua plag. Yog li koj tuaj yeem sau yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws uas tau nqis peev ntau rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv tes ua no.

Pib ntaub pua plag

Koj tuaj yeem tham ntev heev txog ntau hom ntaub pua plag, tab sis nws ua rau me ntsis kev nkag siab. Cia peb tham txog lawv cov yam ntxwv. Yog li, Tabasaran pawg ntaub pua plag hauv cov qauv tsim tuaj yeem lees paub los ntawm ntau cov duab geometric uas ua rau tsiaj, nroj tsuag thiab tib neeg. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej cov craftsmen nrog kev pab los ntawm cov duab geometric no qhia lub ntiaj teb nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv. Cov kws tshawb fawb hu qhov tshwm sim no "cov lus ntawm cov ntaub pua plag art". Los ntawm txoj kev, cov khoom zoo li no feem ntau depicted tag nrhorituals, battles thiab scenes. Sij hawm dhau mus, cov lus no tau ploj lawm, thiab cov duab tau ua kom zoo nkauj xwb.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias tag nrho cov ntaub pua plag muaj cov qauv sib xyaw ua ke: ciam teb thiab thaj chaw nruab nrab.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.

Kuj nthuav yog cov qauv ntawm Tabasaran cov ntaub pua plag, ntawm peb hom tseem ceeb tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:

1. Rov qab - tus qauv tsis muaj ib daim duab loj, thaum cov duab me me sau cov keeb kwm yav dhau.
2. Centric - lub ornament nyob rau hauv lawv yog txo kom highlight lub ntsiab daim duab ntawm cov ntaub pua plag, uas yog hu ua "medallion".
3. Ciam teb - tus qauv yog tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev nyiam nyiam ntawm ib tug neeg mus rau "ciam teb" ntawm cov khoom. Hom ornament no tseem hu ua "border".

Xav txog cov ntaub pua plag Tabasaran, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem hais txog cov xim uas cov kws ua haujlwm siv thaum ntawd. Cherry liab lossis xiav tau suav tias yog keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm yuav luag txhua pawg khoom, uas, hauv kev xav, yuav tsum lim lub qhov muag ntau dhau. Tab sis xim kev sib haum xeeb yog ua tiav los ntawm kev siv nruab nrab thiab me me ntawm ntau yam xim.

tsis muaj ntaub pua plag

Pab pawg no suav nrog Lezgi zoo nkauj kawg thiab Azerbaijani sumacs. Lawv lub ntsiab feature yog daim ntawv thov tsev loj. Lawv tsuas yog siv rau hauv pem teb (cov ntaub pua plag, piv txwv li, tsuas yog siv rau phab ntsa). Lawv loj dua li cov ntaub pua plag zoo tib yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj ntau softer, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv lawv cov ntau lawm lawv siv ib tug tshwj xeeb weaving txheej txheem uas tso cai rau koj tawm ntawm woolen threads nyob rau hauv cov ntaub pua plag.mus txog 15 cm ntev (qhov no yog qhov ua rau lawv mos heev).

Lint-dawb Tabasaran cov ntaub pua plag (saib daim duab hauv kab lus) kuj yog "davagins". Lawv lub ntsiab lus txhais yog tias lawv yog 2-sided, thiab tseem muaj xim xiav lossis xiav tom qab, uas muaj ib qho khoom plig ("rukzal"). Cov ntaub pua plag no feem ntau tuaj yeem pom ntawm Avars. Lub ntsiab kos duab muaj ntau yam "medallions" thiab cov txheej txheem tawm ntawm cov "medallions".

Nws tseem tsim nyog tham txog hom lint-dawb Dagestan cov ntaub pua plag li ntaub pua plag. Lawv tau ua los ntawm paj rwb, ntaub plaub thiab hemp. Palasas tsis muaj xws li zoo nkauj thiab complex ornaments raws li cov qauv ntawm Tabasaran ntaub pua plag, tab sis lawv yog incredibly tswv yim thiab feem ntau lawv siv nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Txhua lub tebchaws hu ua palas hauv nws tus kheej: rau Azerbaijani nws yog "palaz", "barkhal" rau Tabasarans, "ruh" rau Lezgins, "turut" rau Avars, thiab lwm yam.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov ntaub pua plag no muaj ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob sab qaum teb Dagestan - Nogais, Avars, Kumyks, Dargins. Cov ntaub pua plag feem ntau yog arbabash. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm kev xav ntawm cov xim sib txawv. Lawv yog superimposed rau ib leeg, thiab yog li tsim ib ornament.