2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:33
Dagestan yog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov ntaub pua plag xuas tes ua ntawm thaj chaw Lavxias. Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm Dagestan cov ntaub pua plag yog qhov kev nplua nuj ntawm cov qauv ua ke nrog cov ntsiab lus meej thiab cov qauv xim. Tag nrho cov duab kos yog impeccably thiab meej woven, lub ntsiab ornaments yog loj loj. Hauv cov khoom lag luam, kev sib xyaw ntawm cov xim sov thiab txias yog cov yam ntxwv.
Dagestan cov ntaub pua plag weaving
Dagestan pawg ntaub pua plag, nrov thoob plaws ntiaj teb, yog tsim nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm lub tebchaws. Conventionally, qauv muab faib ua plaub hom, uas txawv nyob rau hauv ornaments, ceev thiab pawg ntev:
- Lezgins - "ahty", "mikrah", "kasumkent";
- Derbent - "Derbent";
- Rutul - "rutul";
- Tabasaran - "Rushul", "Khiv", "Tabasaran".
Rau Khiv cov ntaub pua tsev, qhov txawv qhov txawv yog pawg ntev (txog 6 hli) thiab cov pob qhov rooj (txuas ntawm 10 cm2) txog 1764 daim. Hauv lwm tusCov khoom siv ntaub pua plag, cov pob qij txha tsawg dua thiab cov nqi rau 1600.
Ntawm ntawm Tabasaran cov ntaub pua plag
Yav dhau los, xuas tes ua Tabasaran cov ntaub pua plag tau suav tias yog cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv tsev. Lawv cov nqi siab heev uas tom qab muag ib qho, tsev neeg tuaj yeem nyob tau yooj yim dua rau lub hlis. Xws li cov ntaub pua plag khoom sib npaug ntawm tus nqi rau ob peb tus nees lossis ob peb lub taub hau ntawm cov nyuj me.
Tabasaran cov ntaub pua plag txawv ntawm lwm tus hauv lawv cov kav ntev, cov lus zais uas tau piav qhia los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb rau kev ua cov xov paj zoo. Ua li no, cov ntaub plaub ntawm cov yaj roob siab yog siv thiab dyed nyob rau hauv cov xim sib txawv siv cov xim ntuj: walnut bark, wormwood, barberry.
Yav tag los, txhua lub tsev muaj ib lub tshuab xaws. Yog tias nws tsis siv, ces nws tau ua tib zoo dismantled thiab khaws cia kom txog thaum nws xav tau. Ib tug hluas nkauj ntawm Tabasaran ib txwm muaj ob daim ntaub pua plag loj thiab ib qho khoom siv ntaub pua plag me me raws li nws cov khoom plig. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib tug yuav tsum tau woven los ntawm nws ob txhais tes, nyob rau hauv heev mob, tus nkauj nyab yuav tsum koom nyob rau hauv nws creation.
Nyob thaum ub, txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov zoo ntawm cov ntaub pua plag, cov nees tau raug tso cai khiav hla nws, sab laug rau ob peb hnub hauv nag thiab hnub, qee zaum ntub. Cov ntaub pua plag yuav tsum nyob twj ywm hauv nws daim ntawv qub: tsuas yog tom qab ntawd tus kws tsim khoom siv tes ua pov thawj qhov zoo ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Cov ntaub pua plag Tabasaran zoo tshaj plaws tau ua haujlwm rau lawv cov tswv rau ntau tshaj peb puas xyoo.
Ua Tabasaran ntaub pua plag
Nws feem ntau lees txais tias Dagestan thiab Tabasarancov ntaub pua tsev zoo ib yam. Tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Dagestan cov khoom siv tes ua cov ntaub pua plag tau khaws cia. Tej hauj lwm nyuaj no tsuas yog ua los ntawm cov poj niam xwb. Cov ntaub pua plag yog woven los ntawm ib tug craftswoman ua ke nrog nws cov phooj ywg, cov neeg nyob ze, thiab cov txheeb ze. Nws tshwm sim tias txog li rau tus poj niam ua haujlwm ntawm ib lub tshuab. Lawv tham, hu nkauj, hais dab neeg lom zem, sib tham. Qee zaum ib qho khoom siv ntaub pua plag tau tsim rau ntau tshaj tsib lub hlis. Cov ntaub pua plag yog woven los ntawm tying knots. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ib tug kws needlewoman mus txog rau ob vib nas this los ua ib tug knot, thiab txog yim txhiab ntawm lawv raug khi nyob rau hauv ib hnub. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas ntau tshaj peb lab xws li cov pob txha tuaj yeem suav rau hauv cov ntaub pua plag me me.
xov dawb raug rub rau ntawm lub loom hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tsev. Lawv ua hauj lwm raws li ib hom canvas uas cov duab yuav woven. Rau lub hauv paus no, lawv pib khi cov pob caus nrog ntau xim xov, uas maj mam ua tiav cov duab.
Cov ntaub pua plag tau dai rau ntawm phab ntsa los kho lub tsev.
Cov ntaub pua plag tsis muaj lint-dawb "sumac", uas yog siv los npog hauv pem teb, sawv ntawm lwm tus nrog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau sab nraud, ntev woolen (txog 15 cm) threads tseem nyob ntawm nws. Lawv ua cov ntaub pua plag mos thiab sov.
Thaum cov ntaub pua plag yog woven, nws raug ntxuav ntawm cov plua plav thiab cov khib nyiab pov tseg, coj tawm mus rau hauv vaj. Cov poj niam uas ua hauj lwm no yog seev cev ua las voos. Ib txoj kab ke ua tim khawv txog qhov kawg ntawm txoj haujlwm nyuaj no. Cov seev cev qhia lawv lub zog zoo rau cov ntaub pua plag. rau kev caiKev seev cev tsis pub rau ib leeg poj niam thiab cov uas tsis koom nrog nws tsim.
Tus qauv yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub pua plag
Tabasaran cov ntaub pua plag yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm maj mam npog ntawm cov qauv me me los ntawm cov khoom loj dua. Cov qhov me me tau muab tso rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov khoom siv ntaub pua plag. Txhua tus ntawm lawv yog muab tso rau hauv medallions. Tom qab ntawd lawv muab tso rau hauv lub polygons. Txhua tus qauv me me thiab tag nrho cov ornaments loj yog tsom nrog ciam teb thiab xim sau. Nrog kev pab los ntawm geometric sib txuas, needlewomen weave ntau xim curls thiab qauv. Nyob rau hauv cov embossings no, ib qho ornaments ntawm ceg nrog paj yog muab tso rau ntawm stroke.
Hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov ntaub pua plag, cov duab kos loj tau muab tso rau hauv cov qauv checkerboard, uas cuam tshuam nrog cov nplooj ntoo. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov ornaments loj tshaj plaws, cov duab me me tau nkag mus, sib xws hauv kev teeb tsa. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv cov xim sib dua los yog tsaus dua. Geometric paj thiab cov qauv ntawm cov noog yog woven ntawm cov ntsiab lus loj. Tag nrho cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub pua plag tau muab tso ua ke rau hauv ib qho tag nrho siv cov kauj ruam.
Safar
Safar yog lub hnub qub, tus qauv nthuav dav ntawm Tabasaran cov ntaub pua plag. Lub npe implies qhov chaw ntawm lub hnub qub nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov ntaub pua plag. Qhov no yog qhov nyiam ua tiav ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm craftswomen. Nws tshwm sim hais tias ib qho me me medalion ntxiv rau hauv nruab nrab, txawm tias muaj cov ornaments tsis muaj nws. Cov duab ntawm ib tug safar zoo li lub paj nrog ib txwm petals. Cov ntaub pua plag uas dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lub hnub qub nyiam cov xim nrog ntau yam ntxoov ntxoo siv. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub hnub qubmuab tso rau thoob plaws hauv daim teb nyob rau hauv ib tug nruj soj ntsuam kev txiav txim. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov ntaub pua plag yog feem ntau ua hauv xiav thiab liab.
Mercher
Lwm tus neeg nyiam ntawm Tabasaran cov ntaub pua plag yog cov qauv merher, uas zoo li sled. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom, medallions nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm squares thiab hexagons yog muab tso rau hauv lem. Lawv txuas nrog tag nrho ntev ntawm cov ntaub pua plag nrog cov kab. Cov duab geometric sib xyaw ua ke zoo li lub silhouette ntawm sled. Feem ntau, kos duab yog knitted los ntawm ciam teb rau sab mus rau lub medallions, outwardly zoo li ib tug puppet silhouette. Qhov chaw tsis muaj neeg nyob yog muaj cov khoom me me. Cov ciam teb yog qhov txawv los ntawm ntau tus qauv tawg, cov ntaub pua plag zoo li nplua nuj thiab muaj kuab heev. Tag nrho cov duab, kos duab thiab cov qauv yog nruj me ntsis geometric. Xim - kev sib haum xeeb ntawm xiav thiab liab xov paj nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ib qho dawb, ci xiav ntxoov ntxoo ntawm ntaub plaub.
Turar, topancha, checkers thiab pistols
Cov qauv xav tau tshaj plaws ntawm Tabasaran cov khoom siv ntaub pua plag yog turar (cov checkers). Patterned duab nyob rau hauv hom qauv no yog muab tso rau diagonally. Lub npe yog los ntawm kev koom tes nrog hla sabers lossis rab yaj phom. Cov ornaments no koom ua ke los ntawm me me medallions. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kab pheeb ces kaum, ib daim phiaj tsim tau muab tso rau ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 45 degrees nrog rau cov npoo. Kev lig kev cai, muaj txog li peb kab ntawm me me medalions nyob hauv nruab nrab, uas tau koom ua ke los ntawm cov qauv topancha. Peb mus rau xya kab ntawm cov khoom loj dua yog muab tso rau raws qhov dav thiab ntev ntawm cov ntaub pua plag.
zoo li noCov qauv yog ua tiav nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntxoov ntawm beige, xiav, xim av. Hauv kev kos duab ntawm checkers, saturated xiav, ntsuab, xim liab, bordered los ntawm dub, yog siv. Cov chaw tsis muaj neeg nyob hauv keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm tus needlewoman tsis tu ncua nrog cov rosettes me me los yog lwm yam qauv. Qhov kawg taw tes nyob rau hauv tus tsim ntawm tus qauv yog ib tug wavy ciam teb, cov xim uas yog dawb nrog xiav qauv.
Derbent Carpet Museum
Xyoo 1982, Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Ntaub pua plag tau qhib hauv nroog. Nws tau muab tso rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Armenian, uas tau tsim hauv xyoo 1870. Muab ib txhiab xyoo keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov ntaub pua plag, qhov chaw ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia nyob rau hauv lub nroog center attracts ntau tourists. Ntau tus ntawm lawv tuaj tshwj xeeb kom pom cov ntaub pua plag Tabasaran tiag. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom pib los ntawm 10,000 rubles ib square meter ntawm ntaub pua plag. Thiab qhov no yog txiav txim siab tias cov khoom siv dag siv tau siv. Ib qho tseem ceeb Tabasaran ntaub pua plag ua nrog ntuj dyes raug nqi ntau zaus. Niaj hnub no Tabasaran xuas tes ua ntaub pua plag tuaj yeem pom hauv cov tsev cia puav pheej zoo tshaj plaws hauv Paris, London, Tokyo. Lub tsev thiab palaces ntawm thawj cov neeg ntawm ntau lub zog yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov khoom woven. Ntawm cov rooj sib tham thoob ntiaj teb, cov khoom siv ntaub pua plag lossi yeej cov khoom plig kub.
Ua neej nyob, txaus siab rau lub neej thiab txaus siab rau nws - qhov kev xav ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm zoo li no tau nthuav tawm los ntawm cov qauv thiab pleev xim ntawm cov ntaub pua plag. Koj tuaj yeem ua phooj ywg ntawm daim duab rau ntau teev: ib tug neeg yuav pom cov ntoo thiab cov noog ntawm nws, ib tug neeg yuav pom lub ntsej muag ntawm ib tug neeg txawv teb chaws saib mus rau qhov deb. Tus saib tom ntej yuav xav txog cov roob ncence, thiab ib tug tiaj tiaj ntawm ko taw, raws li ib tug txiv neej nrog ib tug plows mus thiab plows lub ntiaj teb. Zoo li koj tau pom tag nrho cov ntsiab lus me tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntaub pua plag Tabasaran, thaum dheev ib daim duab tshwm rau ntawm koj ob lub qhov muag uas koj tsis tau pom ua ntej … Thiab dua daim duab hloov …
Pom zoo:
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Yuav ua li cas yog tus tswv lub peev nyiaj tsawg? Hauv qhov no, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav qhov pheej yig hloov pauv. Muaj ntau cov khoom noj hauv chav kawm kev lag luam muag hauv khw, tab sis tsis yog txhua tus ntawm lawv zoo sib xws. Yuav xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws li cas? Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb nthuav qhia cov ntsiab lus thiab kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm pob nyiaj siv nyiaj miv. Xav txog cov npe nrov, lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, nrog rau kev tshuaj xyuas cov neeg siv khoom
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Cov neeg nyob hauv tebchaws Russia nrog rau qhov muaj huab cua txias tau ntsib teeb meem ntawm lub tsev txias hauv chav tsev. Qhov teeb meem no tuaj yeem daws tau yooj yim los ntawm kev npog hauv pem teb nrog cov ntaub pua plag. Cov ntaub pua plag tau paub rau noob neej txij thaum ub los. Tau ntau pua xyoo, lawv yog cov khoom kim heev hauv tsev ntawm cov pej xeem nplua nuj. Tab sis tam sim no txhua yam tau hloov lawm! Ntawm cov ntaub pua plag hauv pem teb, txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm yog nyob ntawm cov ntaub pua plag
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Ua kom koj lub tsev huv si nrog kev ntxuav tsis tu ncua. Lawv kuj tseem tsim nyog los tswj cov tsos ntawm cov ntaub pua plag. Ntau yam txhais tau tias yog siv rau qhov no. Txhawm rau ua qhov no kom zoo, koj yuav tsum paub txog cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm. Hais txog kev siv tau zoo rau kev tu cov ntaub pua plag tau piav qhia hauv kab lus
