Kev txhim kho ntawm kev xa xov tooj: kev ua haujlwm, kev ua ub no, txoj hauv kev. Kev tawm dag zog thiab kev ua si rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus

2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:27

Yog li nws tau lees txais hauv tib neeg lub neej - kev sib txuas lus ntawm tib neeg tshwm sim los ntawm kev hais lus sib tham, thiab txhawm rau kom nkag siab, koj yuav tsum muaj cov lus hais zoo, uas yog, hais meej thiab sib txawv.

Kev hais lus ntawm tus menyuam me yog qhov txawv ntawm tus neeg laus hais lus, vim tus menyuam tseem muaj ntau yam kev kawm. Txhawm rau kom tus menyuam loj hlob thiab txhawb cov lus, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nrog nws nrog kev pab tshwj xeeb, ua si tshwj xeeb. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav yooj yim dua rau tus menyuam qhia nws txoj kev xav thiab kev xav, nws yuav yooj yim dua rau nws sib txuas lus nrog cov phooj ywg thiab cov neeg laus.

Kev kawm tiav hauv kev kawm kuj ncaj qha nyob ntawm seb tus menyuam hnov zoo npaum li cas thiab hais cov suab, cov lus - qhov zoo dua, nws yuav sau ntau dua. Teeb meem hauv tsab ntawv tuaj yeem zam tau yog tias kev sib cuag raws sijhawmtus kws kho hais lus uas yuav xaiv cov haujlwm tsim nyog rau cov chav kawm nrog tus menyuam.

Yog li ntawd, cov niam txiv sai sai tau mloog zoo rau cov teeb meem tshwm sim nrog kev nkag siab hauv xov tooj hauv lawv tus menyuam, qhov zoo dua rau txhua tus, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, rau tus me nyuam nws tus kheej, leej twg yuav tsis xav tias zoo li kev tawm tsam ntawm nws cov phooj ywg, tab sis yuav yooj yim koom nrog pab neeg.

Kawm los ntawm kev ua si

Rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov me nyuam txoj kev hais lus, tshwj xeeb txoj hauv kev rau kev loj hlob ntawm phonemic perception yog siv, tsim los ntawm cov kws kho mob hais lus nrog rau cov me nyuam psychologists.

Ua haujlwm nrog tus menyuam ntawm kev tsim cov suab nrov yog ua raws li kev ua si. Rau qhov no, cov kws qhia ntawv thiab cov kws kho hais lus tau tsim tshwj xeeb kev ua si thiab kev tawm dag zog.

Thaum thawj theem ntawm txoj haujlwm no ntawm kev txhim kho kev xav hauv xov tooj, cov khoom siv uas tsis muaj suab nrov yog siv, tom qab ntawd tag nrho cov suab hais lus cuam tshuam nrog cov lus ib txwm muaj, hloov ntawm cov uas twb tau paub los ntawm cov menyuam yaus mus rau cov uas hais lus. tseem tsis tau teem thiab qhia rau tus me nyuam hais lus ywj siab.

Txoj hauj lwm no yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev, vim cov me nyuam yuav tsum tau kawm kom mloog cov neeg laus nyob ib puag ncig lawv thiab kawm cov lus kom raug.

Tib lub sijhawm nrog txoj haujlwm no, cov chav kawm nrog tus menyuam tsim kev hnov lus, mloog thiab nco, qhov no yuav ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev hnov lus zoo.

Kev txhim kho ntawm cov menyuam hais lus. Qib

Rau tag nrho cov tsim ntawm kev xa xov zoo, kev ua haujlwm tab tom ua haujlwm ntawm lub suab kab lis kev cailus. Nws tau muab faib ua 6 theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev xa xov tooj:

1 theem: pib nrog kev lees paub ntawm lub suab tsis hais lus. Lawv yuav tsum kawm paub paub thiab paub qhov txawv, thaum txhim kho kev nco qab thiab mloog mloog.

Kauj Ruam 2: Tus kws qhia qhia tus menyuam paub qhov txawv ntawm lub suab, lub zog, lub suab ntawm lub suab nrog kev pab ntawm kev ua si thiab kev tawm dag zog uas muaj tib lub suab, sib txuas ntawm cov kab lus, cov lus ib leeg.

3 theem: tus kws kho hais lus yuav pab koj kawm paub qhov txawv ntawm cov lus uas zoo sib xws.

4 theem: tus kws qhia piav qhia yuav ua li cas sib txawv cov lus kom raug.

5 theem: tus kws qhia ntawv qhia cov menyuam paub qhov txawv ntawm phonemes (suab), piav qhia tias cov suab tau muab faib ua cov suab thiab cov lus. Ua ntej, cov vowels raug kawm, ces lawv mus rau consonants.

6 theem: nws yog lub sijhawm los txhim kho cov txuj ci ntawm kev ntsuas suab yooj yim tshaj plaws, uas suav nrog kev faib cov lus rau hauv cov lus. Tus kws kho mob hais lus qhia cov me nyuam seb cov suab suav suav li cas los ntawm kev npuaj tes, cov suab lus uas tau hais tseg.

Theem txuas ntxiv nrog kev tshuaj xyuas cov suab, tom qab ntawd consonants, yog li tsim kev nkag siab ntawm lub suab thiab suab tsom.

Nyob rau lub sijhawm kawm ntawv preschool, lub hauv paus yog tsim rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam lub hlwb, kev hais lus, kev txawj ntse. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev xaav hauv xov tooj yuav tsum tau ua ntu zus.

Kev Tsim Kho Tshwj Xeeb

Kev ua 1. Koj yuav tsum tau hais meej lub suab hauv ib lo lus.

tus kws kho mob hais lus qhia cov me nyuam lub suab uas lawv yuav tsum hnov hauv ib lo lusthiab qhia rau tus kws qhia txog nws nrog lub teeb liab prearranged (lub teeb liab kuj pom zoo ua ntej).

Tom ntej no, tus xib fwb hais ob peb lo lus, thiab cov me nyuam tshuaj xyuas seb cov lus no puas muaj lub suab xav tau (phoneme).

xov xwm 2. Koj yuav tsum paub tias lub suab xav nyob qhov twg hauv lo lus.

Tus xib hwb hu lo lus, cov me nyuam txiav txim qhov chaw ntawm lub suab: thaum pib, thaum kawg los yog nruab nrab ntawm lo lus. Txoj haujlwm nyuaj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias lub suab xav tau tshwm sim hauv ib lo lus ntau dua ib zaug.

Txoj Cai 3. Koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb lub suab twg nyob ib sab ntawm tsab ntawv muaj npe: ua ntej lossis tom qab nws.

Cov me nyuam yuav tsum qhia lub suab thiab nyob rau hauv dab tsi nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm cov xib fwb.

Options:

• tus xib hwb hu lub suab, thiab tus me nyuam npe tus lej ntawm lub suab no hauv lo lus: thib ob, plaub lossis thawj thiab lwm yam;
• tus kws qhia suab lus, thiab tus menyuam yuav tsum npe, piv txwv li, lub suab thib peb.

Txoj Cai 4. Koj yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab pes tsawg lub suab hauv lo lus no. Qhov kev tawm dag zog no txhawb txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev hnov lus hauv cov menyuam yaus.

xav 5. Koj yuav tsum tau ua ib lo lus ntawm cov ntawv muab.

Tus kws qhia ntawv hais lub suab raws li qhov yog, thiab tus menyuam yuav tsum hais lus. Lub sijhawm ncua ntev ntawm cov suab hais, qhov haujlwm nyuaj dua.

Yog li, mus txog txhua theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev xav hauv xov tooj sib txuas, tus menyuam txhim kho nws cov lus.

Kev qhia thiab kev ua haujlwm

Muaj cov txheej txheem txhim kho tshwj xeeb, thiab lawv txhua tusyog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev daws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev hais lus kho mob los kho cov suab hais tsis zoo hauv cov menyuam yaus.

Txhua txoj kev txhim kho muaj xws li cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:

1. Kev nkag siab ntawm qhov ncauj lus, pab tsim cov kev xav hauv xov tooj.
2. Kev kawm ntawm kev hais kom raug (articulation) ntawm lub suab, coj mus rau automatism nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev hais lus.

Cov kws kho hais lus tsim cov kev kawm thiab cov tswv yim rau kev txhim kho kev hais lus uas:

• txhim kho auditory mloog;
• txhim kho kev hais lus hnov;
• txhim kho kev paub xov tooj, ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov kev xav hauv xov tooj kom yooj yim dua thiab yooj yim.

Ua ntej tus kws qhia ntawv pib zaj lus qhia nrog cov me nyuam, nws yuav tsum piav qhia rau lawv tias txhua lo lus uas tib neeg hais yog tsim los ntawm lub suab. Ib txhij nrog kev txhim kho ntawm kev hnov lus thiab kev nkag siab, muaj kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam cov lus thiab kev paub txog kev hais lus raug; rau lub hom phiaj no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim tshwj xeeb kev kawm ua si thiab kev tawm dag zog.

Kev sau ntawv, lub suab hu ua tsab ntawv. Cov ntawv tsuas yog nyeem lossis sau xwb, lawv tsis tuaj yeem hnov. Txhua lub suab muaj nws tus kheej tsab ntawv. Tab sis qee lub suab muaj ob peb cov duab, uas yog, ntawv.

Yuav kom nkag siab txhua yam, cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum kawm mloog thiab hnov lub suab.

Tshaj tawm cov tswv yim ua haujlwm nrog menyuam yaus

Yuav ua li cas kom hnov suab?

Lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig peb muaj ntau yamsuab nrov: txhua yam uas lub pob ntseg pom thiab hais los ntawm ib tug neeg lossis tsiaj, noog yog suab. Muaj pes tsawg lub suab tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm kev mloog?

Cov me nyuam yaus zaum ntsiag to ib pliag kom paub seb leej twg hnov lub suab.

xav paub lub suab

Cov menyuam yaus zaum nrog lawv nraub qaum rau tus kws qhia, koj tsis tuaj yeem tig los thiab saib.

tus kws kho hais lus siv ntau yam khoom tsim ntau lub suab thiab suab nrov.

Cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum twv seb yuav tshwm sim li cas: daim ntawv tawg, dej ua suab nrov, tus cwj mem poob rau hauv pem teb, cereal yog rattling hauv lub tais, lossis lub xov tooj nrov.

Suab nyob rau hauv cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv: yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv?

a) Hauv tsev:

• dej yws hauv chav ua noj;
• moos ticking;
• tub yees ua haujlwm;
• lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum hums;
• footsteps tau hnov;
• qhia lub tswb nrov;
• muaj neeg kaw qhov rooj.

b) Huab cua suab:

• nag xob nag cua;
• xob laim thaum nag xob nag cua;
• cua daj cua dub, thiab lwm yam.

c) Txoj Kev:

• tsheb horns;
• slamming tsheb qhov rooj kaw;
• quaj thiab luag cov me nyuam;

Zoo los tsis yog?

• classical music;
• pop music;
• tsheb horns;
• alarm rattling;
• creaking hlau ntawm iav;
• me nyuam yaus;
• hack hnoos.

Magic Box

Tus kws qhia ua ntej muab ntau yam khoom sib xyaw ua ke rau hauv ib lub thawv me me. Khawb lub thawv, tus xib fwb nug cov me nyuamtxiav txim seb muaj dab tsi nyob ntawd: lub pob me me, lub khob iav, npib, nyees khawm thiab hlaws, lossis lwm yam.

Kev tawm dag zog "Tshaj tawm ua ke, tsom mus rau qhov hnov"

Cov me nyuam yuav tsum tau qhia yuav ua li cas txheeb xyuas thiab nyeem cov nqe lus sib dhos.

Txhua tus menyuam tau txais cov ntawv yas: A, I, E.

Tus kws kho hais lus muaj kev sib txuas hauv qab no: [AI], [IA], [AE], [EA], [IE], [EI].

Cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau tso cov lus no thiab nyeem lawv, thaum lawv yuav tsum sau lub suab thawj thiab thib ob.

Kev Qhia "Kev faib cov lus rau hauv cov lus"

Kev txawj ntse ntawm cov lus piav qhia kev txhim kho.

Kev piav qhia. Ntau cov duab qhia txog cov khoom siv hauv tsev tau muab tso rau ntawm lub rooj sib nqus: rab riam, lub khob, lub rooj, lub rooj zaum, lub hauv siab ntawm tub rau khoom.

Cov me nyuam yuav tsum saib cov duab, hais lawv lub npe, ces npuaj teg kom pom tias muaj pes tsawg lub suab nyob hauv txhua lo lus.

Txoj kev rau kev txhim kho lub suab ntawm kev nkag siab ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool pab lawv paub lub suab, paub qhov txawv ib lo lus los ntawm lwm tus thiab nkag siab tias lo lus no muaj suab dab tsi.

Txoj haujlwm ntxiv

Yuav tsum nrhiav thiab sau npe kom raug

pairs ntawm lub suab yog siv: "s-z", "t-d" thiab lwm yam.

Tus kws kho hais lus nyeem cov lus sau los ntawm cov menyuam yaus cov paj huam lossis kab lus nrog ob lub suab. Cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum sau cov lus uas muaj lub suab npe.

Nrhiav lub suab tam sim no hauv txhua lo lus

Tus kws qhia npe cov lus uas muaj lub suab:

• -rustle, xeb, porridge, crumb (w);
• gesture,lark, rattle, guardian (g);
• -Seagull, Barbel, Lapwing, Tussock (H);
• pinch, pike, horsetail (u);
• dej, tail, mowing (c);
• middle, hlua hnab (txaj muag);
• rose, hare, goiter (h);
• pre-winter, potion (z);

Cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum sau lub suab rov hais dua hauv txhua lo lus, thaum qhia qhov chaw ntawm lub suab hauv lo lus. Cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum ceev faj thaum hais suab mos thiab tawv.

Koj yuav tsum tau lub npe thawj lub suab hauv lo lus

Qhov kev ua si no muaj:

Txhua tus menyuam hais lawv lub npe thiab txiav txim siab tias tsab ntawv twg (suab) lawv lub npe pib nrog.

Tam sim no cov menyuam hu cov npe menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus uas lawv paub thiab hais tias tsab ntawv twg los ua ntej ntawm cov npe no, tsom mus rau qhov nyuaj thiab softness ntawm lub suab.

Tam sim no koj yuav tsum sau lub suab kawg hauv lo lus

Cov menyuam yaus muaj cov duab ntawm ntau yam khoom:

• car;
• titmouse;
• sofa;
• swan;

Tus kws qhia ntawv qhia tus menyuam ib daim duab, tus menyuam yuav tsum sau npe qhov nws pom ntawm nws thiab txiav txim siab lub suab kawg ntawm lub npe ntawm cov ncauj lus no. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus me nyuam yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau qhov tseeb ntawm kev hais lus, nrog rau qhov hardness thiab softness ntawm consonants.

Games rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev nkag siab hauv xov tooj

tom qab ntawv. Koj yuav tsum xaiv ib lo lus uas pib nrog lub suab kawg ntawm lo lus "tso" (lub qhov ntswg, riam, qhov).

1. Yuav tsum xaiv ib lo lus uas thawj yog lub suab "r" thiab kawg "k" (mob qog noj ntshav, pob zeb).
2. Yuav tsum tau ntxiv suab kom tau lo lus: "yog" (kua txiv, pw tsaug zog).
3. Koj yuav tsum ua ib kab lus uas txhua lo lus pib nrog tib tsab ntawv, piv txwv li, "m" (Mila tiv thaiv Masha los ntawm kev ntxuav lub tais).
4. Yuav tsum nrhiav cov khoom hauv chav uas muaj lub suab npe, piv txwv li "a" (paper, mug, lampshade).

Yog tias koj muab los nrhiav cov khoom hauv lub npe uas lub suab no nyob hauv qee qhov chaw (thib ob, thib peb lossis thawj), ces txoj haujlwm yuav nyuaj dua.

Tseeb game

Tus kws kho mob hais lus npaj cov menyuam yaus kom txhua tus tuaj yeem pom ib leeg, thiab muab qee cov lus txib, sau npe ntau yam tsiaj thiab noog, piv txwv li: luav, qav, noog, mob qog noj ntshav, nees, thiab lwm yam.

Cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum xaiv tus tsiaj lossis noog nrog lub suab lossis txav los ntawm kev pom zoo ua ntej nrog tus xibfwb.

Kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev nkag siab hauv xov tooj

Kev xa xov tooj yog tus menyuam muaj peev xwm nkag siab thiab nkag siab lub suab ntawm ib lo lus. Qhov peev xwm no ib txwm tsim, tsim maj mam, thiab ua kom nkag siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kheej cov lus, uas yog, kev hnov lus yog qhov hnov lus.

Cov menyuam yaus thaum ntxov pib nkag siab lub suab ntawm lawv hom lus, tab sis vim muaj hnub nyoogCov qauv ntawm lub suab apparatus tsis tuaj yeem hais qee lub suab kom raug, txawm hais tias lawv paub meej tias yuav hais lawv li cas.

hais lus meej yog tsim los ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev nkag siab zoo hauv xov tooj, vim lawv pom meej txhua lub suab ntawm lawv cov lus hais.

. Yog tias tsis muaj cov txuj ci no, kev kawm nyeem ntawv thiab sau tag nrho yog ua tsis tau. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm phonemic perception nyob rau hauv preschoolers yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb.

Npaj mus kawm ntawv

Yog li, txhawm rau kom kawm tau zoo, tus menyuam yuav tsum muaj lub suab tsim kev xav, uas yog, lees paub thiab raug cais txhua lub suab ntawm lawv hom lus.

Tab sis ib tug me nyuam yuav kawm ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug tag nrho phonemic tsom xam ntawm cov lus tom qab, kawm nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv kev hais lus tsis muaj leej twg siv faib cov lus ua suab.

Muaj ib lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm, ua ntej pib kawm ncaj qha rau kev nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv, uas cov menyuam tau qhia suab tsom xam.

Lub sijhawm no luv luv thiab yuav nyuaj heev rau tus menyuam uas tsis tau npaj siab los ua tus tswv lub suab tshuaj xyuas cov lus, thiab tsis muaj qhov kev txawj no, teeb meem ntawm kev sau ntawv yog inevitable.

Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj kev npaj cov menyuam yaus kom tsim tau lub suab zoo los ntawm lub hnub nyoog preschool raukev nyeem ntawv yav tom ntej.