Czech iav yog ib qho zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb

2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:27

iav yog ib yam khoom qub tshaj plaws uas tau paub rau tib neeg tau yuav luag tsib txhiab xyoo. Hauv Czech koom pheej, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th, glassmaking pib tsim los ntawm cov xuab zeb zoo heev. Piv txwv li, cov tswv tau txais lawv thawj qhov kev txawj ntse los ntawm Venetians, uas tau txawj nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem no, tab sis sai sai dhau lawv cov xib fwb. Czech iav pib tawg thoob plaws Europe.

Raw khoom

iav yuav tsum tau xuab zeb purest. Muaj txaus ntawm nws nyob rau hauv Czech koom pheej. Potash yog xav tau. Qhov no nyuaj dua. Rau nws ntau lawm, nws yog tsim nyog los tig ntoo mus rau hauv lub whitest tshauv. Ntxiv nrog rau potash, hluav taws xav tau rau cov iav melting. Thiab lawv xav tau ntau heev, yog li ntawd thaum tag nrho cov hav zoov raug txiav nyob ib ncig ntawm lub furnaces, uas hu ua guta, cov glassmakers tsiv nrog lub cub tawg mus rau lwm qhov chaw. Thiab vim hais tias cov tswv tau txav mus tas li, lawv cov chaw nyob tau hu ua Guta, lossis New Guta, lossis lwm yam, tab sis lub npe "Guta" yuav luag txhua lub sijhawm tam sim no thiab tau khaws cia hauv cov npe rau hnub no. Iav melting yog ib tsev neeg yi thiab khaws cia zais cia. Qee qhov secrets ntawm kev ua nojuas Czech iav nyob ib puag ncig tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no.

Production

Thawj zaug, iav tau brewed hauv qhov cub qis (lub plab), uas qhib cov lauj kaub tau muab tso rau. Cov khoom xyaw - xuab zeb, potash - tau nchuav rau hauv lawv thiab lub qhov cub tau rhuab mus rau qhov kub siab tshaj, tshaj 1000 ° C. Lub qhov cub tsis kav ntev thiab yuav tsum tau hloov ntau zaus.

Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub tsim, hardened welded iav yog thawj softened thiab viscous hluav taws kub. Lub glassblower siv lub raj tshwj xeeb hollow hlau. Yog li ntawd nws tsis kub thiab tuav tau hauv tes, nws yog kab nrog ib feem peb ntawm ntoo, thiab qhov uas kov lub khob tshuab lub qhov ncauj yog ua los ntawm tooj dag.

Nws txo nws lub ntsis mus rau hauv iav molten. Tsis tu ncua twisting nws, nws khaws ib qho poob ntawm qhov xav tau qhov loj thiab cov duab. Nrog rau txiab tshwj xeeb, nws txiav nws tawm ntawm tag nrho cov loj, ces muab tso rau hauv ib tug ntub ntoo daim ntawv thiab, exhaling mus rau hauv ib lub raj, muab lub tee ntawm kub iav qhov yuav tsum tau pom nrog phab ntsa ntawm ib tug tej thickness. Tab sis cov khoom siv kos duab tuaj yeem raug tshuab tsis muaj pwm. Nws tsuas yog hais tias tus tswv paub cov khoom ntawm cov khoom zoo heev, thiab tsuas yog tuaj yeem tsim cov duab kos duab los ntawm tshuab. Yog li, feem ntau, peb tau hais li cas Czech iav ua.

Tab sis nws tsis xaus rau ntawd. Cov khoom tiav chilled poob rau hauv tes ntawm grinders. Ib txheej nyias nyias ntawm iav raug tshem tawm nrog cov discs tshwj xeeb, thiab cov duab thiab tuab ntawm iav tau teev tseg. Tom qab ntawd los qhov kev kuaj xyuas zoo. Tom qab ntawd ib qho khoom ci ntsa iabmus rau carvers thiab engravers uas siv complex ornaments thiab monograms. Feem ntau tom qab ntawd, qee cov ntsiab lus yog gilded thiab qhov zoo yog rov kuaj dua. Thaum kawg los txog rau theem kawg - polishing nrog tshwj xeeb pastes thiab kev tswj xyuas qhov kawg. Yog li, Czech iav tau npaj muag. Nws assortment yog ntau haiv neeg, thiab peb yuav piav qhia hauv qab no.

Bohemian iav yog dab tsi

Nov yog ib qho tshwj xeeb Czech iav. Bohemia yog thaj chaw uas yuav luag ib nrab ntawm Czech koom pheej, qhov chaw uas lawv pib ua khob iav nrog ntxiv ntawm cov hlau lead oxide. Qhov no tshwm sim ntau tshaj peb puas xyoo dhau los, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. Lead muab cov khoom hnyav, tshwj xeeb pob tshab, kev ua si ntawm lub teeb nrog tag nrho cov xim ntawm zaj sawv, sonority. Cov khoom muaj zog thiab hnyav maj mam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, hloov cov khoom tawg yooj yim thiab nyias ntawm Venetian glassblowers. Txog rau hnub no, qhov zoo tshaj plaws Czech siv lead ua yog tsim nyob rau hauv Bohemia. Cov khoom ua si, vases, tsom iav, chandeliers yog tsim los ntawm nws, uas yog polished los ntawm tes. Thiab txhua yam khoom muaj lub suab nrov ntev.

Czech stained glass

Cov xim iav yog muab los ntawm oxides ntawm ntau yam hlau. Yog hais tias cob alt ntxiv thaum lub sij hawm ua noj ua haus, ces qhov tshwm sim yuav ib tug saturated xiav, zoo li sapphire, xim, yog kub - ces golden ruby, yog tooj liab - ces ib tug tooj liab ruby. Ob xim liab no txawv ntawm lawv qhov ntxoov ntxoo, ib txwm, nrog kub zoo li nobler. Ntau qhov ntxoov ntsuab yog tau los ntawm kev ntxiv cov hlau, uranium thiab chromium, thiab silicon muab paj yeeb. Manganese muab cov xim zoo nkauj xim av.

Ntau zaus cov iav no siv rauua stained glass windows.

Feem ntau ob xim siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Ua ntej, pob tshab iav yog sau rau ntawm lub raj, tom qab ntawd nws txo qis rau hauv cov iav xim, uas npog tag nrho cov khoom qub. Tom qab tshuab, lawv raug txiav nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev uas ib feem ntawm cov xim iav yog muab tshem tawm thiab ib tug intricate pob tshab qauv yog tsim rau ib tug xim tom qab. Vases feem ntau dai kom zoo nkauj li no.

Vases - sib tham tshwj xeeb

Yuav kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tseeb, peb yuav muab piv txwv ntawm Czech xim cam khwb cia. Cov vases no yog txhua yam xuas tes ua los ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm paub txog yam tsis siv pwm. Txhua tus yog ib qho haujlwm tshwj xeeb.

Pink nrog pob tshab puag yog rau paj. Qhov thib ob, cob alt, yog lub tais khoom qab zib.

Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem pom txhua qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom xws li Czech iav, vases los ntawm qhov sib txawv.

Czech hniav nyiaj hniav kub

Leej twg nyob hauv Czech koom pheej yuav tsis rov qab los yam tsis muaj lub ntiaj teb nto moo hniav nyiaj hniav kub "Yabloneks" lossis "Bohemia style". Cov iav no feem ntau fused nrog kub, nyiaj, tooj liab lossis tooj liab.

Tshwj xeeb zoo yog teeb nrog necklaces thiab tsej, nrog rau cov hlaws dai xwb. Czech iav yog ib qho khoom siv niaj hnub uas tsis ntshai, piv txwv li, pearls, hws los yog ua rau cov roj zaub tsis raug. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov hlaws loj yog loj - los ntawm qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab loj tshaj plaws mus raubeaded thiab graceful. Tag nrho cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub yog xuas tes ua, thiab yog li ntawd nws yog tus sau.

Nyob rau hauv xaus, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias lub Czech koom pheej nyob ze, thiab lawv yuav to taub peb nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, thiab yog hais tias koj ua hauj lwm nyuaj, koj yuav to taub ib co ntawm koj haiv neeg Slavic hais lus koj tus kheej.