Cov chav kawm nyuaj hauv qib kindergarten

2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:33

Lub neej niaj hnub xav kom cov pej xeem nquag muaj peev xwm muaj tswv yim xav, txiav txim siab tshiab, nrog rau kev tsim kom zoo. Hmoov tsis zoo, niaj hnub no cov txheej txheem kev kawm hauv qib kindergarten tseem khaws cov txheej txheem yav dhau los tsim los rau kev nthuav qhia thiab kev sib txuas ntawm kev paub los ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Tab sis qhov stereotyped, monotonous rov ua dua ntawm cov kev ua zoo sib xws tsis ua rau muaj kev txaus siab rau kev kawm.

Txoj kev qhuab qhia ib txwm muaj tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau tus menyuam muaj kev xyiv fab ntawm kev tshawb pom thiab maj mam ua rau qhov tseeb tias nws poob nws lub peev xwm los muaj tswv yim. Tab sis yuav ua li cas los tsim ib tug me nyuam kom nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej nws yuav tsim ib tug tshiab? Yuav ua li cas coj tus neeg muaj tswv yim los ntawm nws? Qhov no yuav tsum muaj qee yam xwm txheej: koom haum, cov neeg ua haujlwm, nrog rau kev xa khoom. Cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, cov nyiaj pub dawb yog xav tau, ntxiv rau, kev txaus siab ntawm tsev neeg thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm nrog menyuam mos.

Sculpting thiab kos duab, kos duab thiab ua si yuav pab tsim kev muaj tswv yim. Hauv qhov no, cov kws qhia ntawv thiab cov niam txiv yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb rau cov chav kawm nrog cov menyuam yaus. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov kev cob qhia no yog ua los ntawm kev siv ntau hom kev kos duab. Qhov no tso cai rau koj ua kom muaj kev loj hlob ntawm kev muaj peev xwm muaj tswv yim hauv cov menyuam yaus.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab

Kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam lub peev xwm muaj tswv yim yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam uas tuaj yeem ua ke ua peb pawg. Thawj ntawm lawv suav nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus kheej thiab kev xav ntawm ntuj tsim, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev tsim ntawm tus menyuam txoj kev muaj tswv yim. Cov pab pawg thib ob suav nrog txhua yam uas twb muaj lawm ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm ib puag ncig kev sib raug zoo. Cov txheej txheem thib peb txiav txim siab qhov kev cia siab ntawm tus menyuam qhov kev muaj tswv yim tshwm sim ntawm tus qauv thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm nws txoj haujlwm.

Vim li cas cov chav kawm nyuaj tseem ceeb heev rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv theem pib? Xws li kev cob qhia ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb vim tias ntau hom kev kos duab tau siv los nthuav tawm cov khoom siv. Qhov no suav nrog suab paj nruag thiab ntaub ntawv, pej xeem kos duab thiab duab puab, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, painting. Art nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv los yog lwm yam duab ib tug neeg, awakens creativity nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau nws lub ntiaj teb sab ntsuj plig.

Cov chav kawm nyuaj muab sijhawm rau cov menyuam los tsim lawv cov duab sawv cev thiab kev xav, kev xav thiab kev nco, nrog rau kev xav zoo rau cov haujlwm uas tus kws qhia.

txhais li cas ntawm ntau yam txuj ci? ATCov ntawv nyeem yog ib lo lus uas ua haujlwm rau cov lus txhais, epithets, atherosclerosis, metaphors thiab kev sib piv. Thaum ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam, lawv txhais tau hais tias ua yeeb yam hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab gestures, txav thiab postures, intonation thiab lub suab. Nyob rau hauv cov tswv yim pom, txhais tau tias siv nyob rau hauv ib tug complex zaj lus qhia rau cov me nyuam yog cov duab kos uas qhia lub ntim thiab cov duab, proportions thiab ratios ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov menyuam yaus nyiam los ntawm daim ntawv thov. Nws tso cai rau lawv los tsim lub tswv yim ntawm daim ntawv, muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab xim. Yog hais tias ib zaj lus qhia dav dav rau cov menyuam yaus yog siv suab paj nruag, txhais tau tias kev kawm yog kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev sib dhos, kev ua kom zoo thiab suab paj nruag, intonation, thiab lwm yam.

qhov zoo ntawm cov chav kawm nyuaj

Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau hom kev kos duab ua rau lawv muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam rau tus menyuam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws txhawb kev paub txog qhov tshwm sim thiab cov khoom los ntawm ntau lub ces kaum thaum siv tag nrho cov kev xav.

Ib zaj lus qhia nyuaj-thematic yog ua raws li cov menyuam yaus sib txuas thiab hu nkauj, seev cev thiab nyeem paj huam. Thiab lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov lus sau los yog cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov suab paj nruag zoo nkauj pab tsim lub siab lub ntsws uas tso cai rau koj ua tiav cov haujlwm ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv.

Kev ua ub no hauv kindergarten pub rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv dawb thiab tsis muaj kev quab yuam. Piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm ua tiav ntawm kev kos duab kos duab, lawv yuav sib tham nrog ib leeg txog leej twg thiab cov ntsiab lus dab tsi yuav piav qhia. Lawv kuj yuav tau pom zoo rau lawv cov yeeb yam thiab lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm staging zaj nkauj.

Kev faib tawm

Cov chav kawm nyuaj hauv lawv cov ntsiab lus muaj ntau haiv neeg. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lawv yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv txawv versions. Cov no tuaj yeem ua haujlwm thaiv:

- qhia me nyuam rau ntiaj teb kev ua yeeb yam;

- rau cov menyuam yaus cov ncauj lus uas nyiam tshaj plaws;

- los qhia me nyuam txog kev sau ntawv;

- rau kev xav thiab kev ncaj ncees; - kom paub nrog lub ntiaj teb sab nraud, nrog pej xeem kos duab thiab xwm txheej.

Kev qhia cov chav kawm hauv ntau pawg qib kindergarten

Cov chav kawm li cas nrog cov menyuam yaus, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, nyob ntawm lawv lub hnub nyoog. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm qhov teeb meem no yuav yog qhov kev paub hauv lub neej ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Yog li, cov chav kawm nyuaj hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas (cov no yog cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 3-4 xyoos) tau ua los ntawm kev soj ntsuam nyob ntawm qhov tshwm sim lossis khoom, uas nws cov duab kos tau txuas nrog.

Cov me nyuam muaj hnub nyoog 4-5 xyoos tau muab ib daim duab muaj yeeb yuj, nrog rau kev sau ntawv me me. Ib zaj lus qhia dav dav hauv pab pawg neeg laus ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv preschool (cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 5 txog 6 xyoos) yog ua los ntawm cov nkauj lossis cov suab paj nruag ua keeb kwm yav dhau los lossis ib feem ntawm cov haujlwm uas tau thov.

Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 6 txog 7 xyoos raug caw tuaj koom nrog kev ua yeeb yam nrog rau kev txiav txim siab ib txhij ntawm 2-3 kev luam tawm piav qhia txog thaj chaw zoo sib xws lossis txawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem muab cov lus piav qhia txog qhov tshwm sim lossis khoom siv hauv ob lossis peb zaj paj huam uas muaj kev sib piv lossiskev sib piv. Mloog ib zaj nkauj no kuj yog siv los qhia rau tus neeg muaj tswv yim.

Type of complex classes

Kev kawm sib xyaw yog muab faib los ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov txuj ci siv hauv nws. Yog li, sawv tawm:

1. hom tseem ceeb. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm ib hom kev kos duab, thaum tus so yog keeb kwm ntawm zaj lus qhia.

2. Hom sib npaug. Hauv cov chav kawm zoo li no, tag nrho nws cov khoom sib txuas ua ke.

cov chav kawm nyuaj hauv pab pawg hluas

Thaum nkag mus rau thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv lawv lub neej, cov menyuam hnub nyoog 2-3 xyoos raug kev ntxhov siab. Txhawm rau tshem tawm nws, cov kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum ua cov chav kawm dav dav nrog cov menyuam yaus ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai Kev Kawm Txuj Ci rau Kev Kawm nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm "Los Yug mus rau Tsev Kawm Ntawv" program.

Lub peev xwm hloov tau ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog ntxov thiab qis dua tsis zoo. Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv preschool, cov menyuam yaus pom lawv tus kheej hauv qhov xwm txheej tshiab rau lawv. Nrog rau kev nyob ntev ntev hauv lub xeev kev ntxhov siab, tus menyuam yuav muaj kev ntxhov siab lossis kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb qeeb.

Zaj lus qhia dav dav hauv pab pawg hluas yuav tsum pab cov menyuam yaus siv rau qhov chaw txawv txawv, koom nrog lawv niam lawv txiv, kom pom cov menyuam coob coob thiab muaj cov neeg laus tsis paub. Hauv qhov no, tus xibfwb daws cov haujlwm hauv qab no:

- tshem tawm ntawm tus menyuam lub cev nqaij daim tawv thiab lub siab lub ntsws;

- txo qis hauv cov menyuam yaus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntau dhau ntawm lub cev muaj zog thiab impulsiveness, aggression thiabKev ntxhov siab;

- kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus lub peev xwm sib txuas lus; - txhim kho kev nkag siab ntawm kev sib dhos, zoo thiab kev txawj tsav dav dav, kev sib koom tes ntawm kev txav thiab kev ua si.

Ntawm qhov kev kawm nyuaj li cas? Pawg yau (thawj) yog cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 2 txog 3 xyoos. Lawv xav tau ntau yam kev ua si thiab ua las voos, chaw zov me nyuam thiab cov nkauj, catch-up thiab rhymes. Tag nrho cov no tso cai rau koj los koom nrog cov menyuam yaus hauv cov suab paj nruag uas tus kws qhia ntawv tau thov, hloov los ntawm kua muag mus rau tus phooj ywg npuaj teg thiab ntaus lawv txhais taw. Cov kev ua ub no yog tsim los sib sau ua ke cov menyuam yaus thiab ua rau lawv lub siab xav zoo.

Kev cob qhia zoo li no pib nrog kev tawm dag zog. Cov menyuam yaus khiav, taug kev lossis ua lwm yam dej num ua ke. Thiab lawv ua nws nyob rau hauv ib lub suab paj nruag los yog poetic atherosclerosis. Nws yog thawj feem ntawm cov chav kawm nyuaj uas cov menyuam yaus pib ua haujlwm hauv pab pawg, lawv muaj kev xav zoo thiab ua kom lub cev muaj zog thiab kev hais lus.

Ntxiv mus, ua ke nrog cov kev tawm dag zog, tus kws qhia muaj ntau yam kev ua si rau menyuam yaus. Qhov no yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus qhia dav dav, uas cov menyuam yaus tau txais lub sijhawm txav mus los, sib cuam tshuam nrog cov phooj ywg thiab nthuav tawm kev xav. Nyob rau theem peb ntawm zaj lus qhia, cov me nyuam tau ua hauj lwm nyob twj ywm thiab nyob twj ywm.

Second junior group

Cov kev ua si qub no pab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov peev txheej hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 3-4 xyoos. Lawv pab kom loj hlob ib tug neeg ntse, ceev-witted thiab inquisitive neeg.

Thaum muaj peb xyoos, lub sijhawm kawm preschool pib hauv tus menyuam lub neej. Lub sijhawm no yog lub sijhawm uas menyuam yaus twb paub ntau, thiab siv zog los kawm paub yuav ua li casntau. Thiab ntawm no cov chav kawm complex tuaj rau kev pab ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv. Cov tub ntxhais hluas thib ob yuav zoo siab ua si uas tso cai rau lawv paub txog lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig lawv. Tsis tas li, cov menyuam yaus yuav kawm tau cov duab ntawm cov khoom, lawv qhov loj thiab xim, nrog rau lawv qhov chaw nyob hauv qhov chaw.

Cov chav kawm nyuaj hauv lub hnub nyoog no yog tsim los tsim cov menyuam yaus lub cim xeeb, kev xav thiab kev xav, ua rau lawv nyob hauv lub vaj muaj kev xyiv fab thiab kev paub. Tus kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev hloov pauv tsis tu ncua ntawm lub luag haujlwm, cov duab thiab cov phiaj xwm yuav ua rau menyuam yaus ua haujlwm ntau dhau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev txaus siab rau cov chav kawm yuav poob. Tias yog vim li cas txhua qhov kev tawm dag zog thiab kev ua si suav nrog hauv cov qauv ntawm kev cob qhia yuav tsum yog ib zaj dab neeg dab neeg.

Cov chav kawm nrog cov menyuam yaus ntawm pab pawg hluas thib ob yog ua tiav hauv 2-3 theem. Tus naj npawb thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov qauv ntawm kev tawm dag zog thiab kev ua si yuav tsum sib txawv los ntawm tus kws qhia. Tus kws qhia ntawv muaj cai txo lub sij hawm ntawm zaj lus qhia. Qhov no yuav tiv thaiv menyuam los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntau dhau. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kws qhia ntawv, nyob ntawm seb cov menyuam yaus xav li cas, muaj cai hloov cov ntu ntawm ntu ntawm zaj lus qhia.

cov chav kawm nyuaj hauv pawg nruab nrab

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 4-5 xyoos, tus menyuam tseem tab tom qhia kom muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog lub ntiaj teb sab nraud. Thiab qhov no yog qhov yooj yim heev los ntawm cov lus qhia ntxaws los ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv. Hauv pawg nruab nrab, cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool qhia tshwj xeeb xav paub txog txhua yam uas nyob ib puag ncig lawv. Thaum lub hnub nyoog no, tus menyuam yuav tsum tau nthuav dav lub voj voog ntawm kev paub txog cov khoom, kawm txog lawv lub hom phiaj thiab cov cim qhia. Qhov no yog qhov yooj yim los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kawm, uascoj mus rau hauv tus account lub hnub nyoog tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus me nyuam thiab theem ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob.

Ib zaj lus qhia dav dav hauv pab pawg nruab nrab suav nrog kev ua si, kev tawm dag zog thiab kev ua haujlwm uas pab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm kev xav thiab kev hais lus, kev nco thiab kev xav hauv cov menyuam yaus. Kev tsim ntawm cov txheej txheem kev puas siab puas ntsws yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev nco qab tus cwj pwm rau lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig.

Cov chav kawm nyuaj rau cov menyuam yaus ntawm pawg nruab nrab yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov ncauj lus "Furniture" thiab "Cookware", "Clothes", "Transport" thiab "Toys". Tib lub sijhawm, lawv daws teeb meem:

- txhim kho kev taw qhia spatial;

- tsim kom muaj peev xwm ua kom pom tseeb ntawm cov khoom; - kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus thiab lus txhawb ntxiv; - tsim ntawm thawj zaug lej sawv cev.

Nrog lub koom haum raug ntawm cov chav kawm nyuaj, cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 4-5 xyoos thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo kawm ntawv yuav kawm paub txog cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv, muab piv rau lawv thiab ua cov kev sim yooj yim rau lawv (piv txwv li, dab dej - tsis poob dej).

Experience nature

Kev kawm txuj ci muaj tswv yim muaj peev xwm muab tau rau txhua pawg hnub nyoog ntawm cov menyuam kawm preschool. Txawm li cas los xij, ib zaj lus qhia nyuaj hauv pab pawg npaj tau tshwj xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem yog kev kawm ua si uas qhia cov menyuam kawm ntawv laus rau lub caij nplooj zeeg.

Nyob rau hauv thawj ntu ntawm zaj lus qhia, kev paub txog kev paub tau daws nrog kev txhim kho kev txawj ntse ntawm cov menyuam yaus ib txhij. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus xibfwb qhia meej cov menyuam lub tswv yim txog lub caij nplooj zeeg, qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov no.lub caij. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, daim ntawv qhia hnub nrog kev soj ntsuam ntawm qhov hloov pauv, uas yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej, yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb.

Nyob rau ntu thib ob ntawm zaj lus qhia, lwm yam haujlwm raug daws. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug txawv hom kev ua si rau preschoolers yog siv. Yog li, rau zaj lus qhia, tus kws qhia ntawv npaj ib qho kev nthuav qhia me me ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg. Raws li nws cov khoom pov thawj, kev luam tawm ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam nto moo tau siv, nrog rau cov duab nrog cov duab kos duab ntawm cov xwm txheej. Pom qhov kev nthuav qhia, uas ua rau muaj kev paub txog kev zoo nkauj hauv cov menyuam yaus, tso cai rau kev daws teeb meem zoo nkauj ntawm kev kawm.

Qhov thib peb ntawm zaj lus qhia siv phau ntawv ua ub no thiab kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool. Cov menyuam yaus raug txhawb kom tsim raws li lawv xav tau thiab pom qhov haum. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool tuaj yeem kos cov paj ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg paj lossis ua cov khoom siv tes ua los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv ntuj tsim, tsim appliqués, thiab lwm yam. Qhov no ntawm cov lus qhia nyuaj tso cai rau cov menyuam los tsim kev txawj ntse thiab kev txawj ntse.

Nrog lub koom haum txoj cai ntawm kev cob qhia, lub sijhawm tsis muaj kev txwv nruj. Cov menyuam yaus yuav tsis nkees thiab nkees. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, tus kws qhia ntawv yeej ib txwm npaj ib qho kev lom zem kev kawm lub cev rau nws cov menyuam kawm ntawv.

chav kawm lej

Thaum pib ntawm nws lub neej kawm ntawv, tus menyuam yuav tsum paub ntau tus lej thiab qhov tseem ceeb, nrog rau muaj peev xwm taug kev hauv lub sijhawm thiab qhov chaw. Pedagogical xyaum qhia tias cov tub ntxhais kawm thawj zaug qee zaum nyuaj txav los ntawm kev ua mus rau cov duab tshwj xeeb, khoom, tus lej thiab lwm yam kev xav paub daws teeb meem. Zam tsis sib xwsCov teeb meem tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev txhim kho tus menyuam lub hlwb kev xav hauv cov chav kawm nyuaj hauv kindergarten. Nws yog lub hnub nyoog preschool uas cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau paub txog ntau yam kev sib raug zoo ntawm lej, kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov ntau, ntsuas, thiab lwm yam.

Yog tias peb xav txog cov chav kawm nyuaj hauv pab pawg npaj ua lej, ces lawv cov qauv yog raws li hauv qab no:

- rov ua dua ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas twb tau them lawm (los ntawm 2 mus rau 4 feeb);

- kev paub nrog lub ncauj lus tshiab (los ntawm 15 txog 18 feeb);- kev nthuav dav ntawm qhov tau kawm (los ntawm 4 mus rau 7 feeb).

Piv txwv li, hauv thawj ntu ntawm zaj lus qhia nyuaj, cov menyuam yaus piv qhov dav thiab qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, preschoolers muaj qhov kev ua si "Dab tsi tau hloov?". Hauv ntu thib ob ntawm zaj lus qhia, tus kws qhia ntawv qhia cov tswv yim los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov dav thiab qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom. Ces cov me nyuam ua txhua yam ntawm lawv tus kheej. Hom kev ua ub no yog ib txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm rau lawv. Hauv ntu thib plaub ntawm zaj lus qhia nyuaj, kev tawm dag zog yog ua los ntawm pawg thiab sib piv ntau cov duab geometric.