Cov khoom ua si hauv kindergarten: lub hom phiaj ntawm cov khoom ua si, cov npe tso cai, cov ncauj lus thiab cov cai ntawm SanPiN

2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:34

Peb txhua tus fiddled nrog cov khoom ua si thaum yau: qee qhov saj, sim zog, noj, hnav khaub ncaws, lwm tus yog tus phab ej ntawm cov dab neeg zoo siab. Cov neeg uas tau mus rau cov tsev kawm ntawv preschool paub ua ntej tias muaj kev xaiv ntau ntawm cov khoom ua si rau txhua tus saj thiab xim. Hnub no peb yuav tham txog yam khoom ua si yuav tsum nyob rau hauv kindergarten, dab tsi yog qhov yuav tsum tau rau lawv thiab dab tsi yog cov cai yooj yim rau xaiv.

Toys Destination

qeb no suav nrog ntau yam khoom zoo uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov menyuam xav tau.

txheej txheem kev ua si yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam mos, dhau los ntawm nws lawv kawm lub neej, ua kom pom, tau txais kev paub.

Nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas txawm tias cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub cev tau tso cai, thaum kuaj xyuas tus menyuam nyob hauv lub neej, nco ntsoov saib xyuas lub xub ntiag ntawm cov khoom ua si, txij li kev loj hlob tag nrho ntawm tus cwj pwm nyob ntawm qhov no.

Kindergarten yog thaj chaw ntawm cov menyuam yaus, yog li cov khoom ua si ntawm no yuav tsumyuav tsum tau ua, thiab txhua pab pawg hnub nyoog muaj nws tus kheej teeb.

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom ua si hauv qib kindergarten yog pab hauv kev sib xyaw cov khoom ntawm lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig: cov duab, qhov loj me, xim, thiab lwm yam khoom siv lub cev; kev loj hlob thiab kev cob qhia tus menyuam txoj kev xav, kev xav, kev xav, kev txawj tsav tsheb zoo.

Cov khoom ua si kawm tus kheej raws li txoj kev Maria Montessori tau nrov heev tsis ntev los no. Cov no feem ntau suav nrog cov sorters - cov khoom ntawm ntau yam duab (lub voos xwmfab, polyhedra, tsheb, tsev, thiab lwm yam), nyob rau hauv uas lub qhov yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug duab (geometric, tsiaj, tsiaj ntawv, thiab lwm yam). Lub npe hu ua lag luam boards kuj tau txais lub zog - cov rooj sib tham nrog cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas feem ntau txaus siab rau tus menyuam: qhov (socket), locks, yuam sij, zippers, latches, qhov rooj tuav, thiab lwm yam. Los ntawm txoj kev, lawv tuaj yeem pom zoo rau. kev txiav txim siab yog tias koj yuav tsum ua cov khoom ua si nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes rau qib kindergarten, vim tias txhua tus txiv neej tuaj yeem ua tau ib lub rooj tsavxwm zoo li no.

Views

Cia peb saib seb cov khoom ua si twg hauv kindergarten. Lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua pawg raws li cov qauv sib txawv.

Hnub nyoog:

• rau chaw zov me nyuam;
• rau pab pawg yau;
• rau pawg nruab nrab;
• rau pab pawg laus;
• rau kev npaj.

By theme:

• dolls thiab accessories rau lawv, tsev;
• thauj;
• cubes, designer, lwm yam khoom siv hauv tsev;
• mosaic, puzzles, liners;
• sorters;
• knockers;
• khoom ua si mos, tsiaj figurines;
• tais thiabkhoom noj;
• xov tooj, khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab suab paj nruag;
• ntaus, ntawv;
• board games thiab ntau dua

raws li cov khoom siv:

• plastic;
• ntoo;
• ntawm ntaub;
• los ntawm hlau.

Tseem tuaj yeem faib los ntawm kev ntxhib los mos (ntxhib, du) thiab xim.

Dab tsi tso cai? Regulation requirements

Cov kev cai rau txhua yam khoom ua si yeej ib txwm zoo ib yam: lawv yuav tsum tsis muaj tshuaj lom, txaus ntshai, muaj cov ntsiab lus me me dhau. Nws yog cov qauv no uas txiav txim siab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom rau kev ua si.

GOSTs hauv qab no siv rau hauv kev lag luam "khoom ua si":

• 25779-90 (tus qauv hauv xeev: kev xav tau kev nyab xeeb dav dav, tswj);
• R 53906-2010 (tus qauv hauv tebchaws: kev nyab xeeb dav dav, lub cev thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab);
• P 51557-99 (cov khoom ua si hluav taws xob);
• ISO 8124-2-2001 (flammability);
• TS EN ISO 8124-3-2001 (ISO 8124-3-2001) Kev tso tawm cov tshuaj phem rau tus menyuam.

Basic SanPin rau cov khoom ua si hauv kindergarten - "2.4.7.007-93. Kev tsim khoom thiab muag cov khoom ua si thiab cov khoom ua si" (tso tawm raws li kev nyab xeeb): tsim kom muaj cov khoom siv, txheej txheem ntawv pov thawj thiab muag cov khoom ua si. Yav dhau los, kuj tseem muaj SanPin 42-125-4148-86, tau txais rov qab rau hauv Soviet lub sijhawm, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv tsis tau luam tawm.

Yog li, cov khoom ua si rau cov menyuam yaus hauv kindergarten yuav tsum muaj:

• daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm qhov zoo;
• cim rau ntawm daim ntawv lo / ntim (nrog rau lub npe ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, nws cov ntsiab lus,qhia lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus menyuam);
• kev ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm lub xeev kev kuaj mob huv thiab kis kabmob.

Thaum sau cov tsev kawm ntawv preschool, cov kev cai ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci tseem raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai Kev Kawm Txuj Ci, cov khoom ua si rau qib kindergarten yuav tsum tsim ib qho chaw tsim khoom-spatial: sib txawv, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, multifunctional, transformable, siv tau thiab nyab xeeb.

Cov kev xav tau yooj yim raws li GOST

1. Hauv kev tsim cov khoom ua si, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kev tu cev: cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txiaj ntsig kawg yuav tsum tsis muaj xeb, kab kab kab, lwm yam kev puas tsuaj zoo sib xws, thiab huv si sab nraud. Tshawb pom qhov muag.
2. Yuav tsum tsis muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tshuaj lom.
3. Kev nthuav dav, cov npoo yuav tsum tsis muaj cov npoo ntse thiab burrs.
4. Txoj kev nruj nruj yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv.
5. Cov khoom ua si uas tuaj yeem ua rau tus menyuam yuav tsum muaj qhov ua pa, lub qhov rooj sab hauv yuav tsum tau yoog rau kev qhib los ntawm tus menyuam (tsim nyog nias lub zog).
6. Cov khoom ua si hauv pem teb hnyav tshaj 5 kg yuav tsum tsis txhob tig.
7. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv-kho zoo nkauj yuav tsum tiv taus cov qaub ncaug, tawm hws thiab ua haujlwm ntub dej.
8. Cov khoom ua si khoom ua si yuav tsum muaj zog.
9. Cov khoom ua si rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua peb xyoos yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov iav thiab cov plooj (porcelain), cov khoom siv. Rau lawv, nws tsis raug tso cai siv cov khoom siv nrog cov khoom tawv / ntse (iav tawg, rau tes, hlau chips, koob, thiab lwm yam), nrog rau. Cov ntaub ntawv granular nrog cov nplej loj ntawm 3 hli lossis tsawg dua.
10. Lub kaw lus nres ntawm cov khoom ua si propulsion yuav tsum ua haujlwm zoo. Qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom ua si hluav taws xob yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 8 km / h.
11. Qhov loj ntawm rattles rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 3 xyoos yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 100 g.
12. Cov khoom ua si ua pa rau kev ua si ntawm dej yuav tsum tsis muaj dej thiab kaw.
13. Kev tsim cov khoom ua si prefabricated yuav tsum ua kom ntev, ua haujlwm - yooj yim thiab txhim khu kev qha.
14. Khaws cov khoom ua si: ntawm t 10-20 ° C thiab txheeb ze av noo 6%.

GOST tsis cais ua cov khoom ua si dab tsi?

Cov npe suav nrog cov khoom hauv qab no:

• Christmas accessories, garlands;
• decorative dolls;
• qauv rau cov neeg laus sau;
• khoom siv ncaws pob;
• phom pneumatic;
• pyrotechnics;
• khoom rau archery thiab xub nrog hlau tswv yim, catapults rau pov pob zeb;
• cov khoom siv ua haujlwm (qhov cub, hlau) nrog qhov hluav taws xob ntau dua 24 V;
• Lub tsheb nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv, lub tshuab hluav taws xob;
• tsheb kauj vab rau kev tsav tsheb rau pej xeem txoj kev (kev ua si, neeg ncig tebchaws, thiab lwm yam);
• video ua si rau cov ntxaij vab tshaus video (dhau 24V);
• tsho khuam tsho, voj voog, thiab lwm yam;
• kev tiv thaiv kev ua kis las (tsom iav, kaus mom hlau, thiab lwm yam);
• decorations;
• Npau suav teb;
• puzzles nrog ntau dua 500 daim thiab ntau dua

Marking

Nws yuav tsum tau siv rau cov khoom ua si nws tus kheej / thawv / ntxig. Lub cim yuav tsum meejreadable, indelible thiab muaj cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:

• khoom ua si lub npe;
• hnub nyoog ntawm cov menyuam uas nws npaj siab;
• chaw tsim khoom lub npe, chaw nyob;
• hnub tsim khoom;
• ceeb toom rau kev ua haujlwm nyab xeeb.

Cov khoom ua si tsis yog tsim rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 3 xyoos yuav tsum muaj lub cim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv hla tawm (los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis diagonally) lub voj voog liab, sab hauv uas cov lej 0-3 thiab lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntsej muag sau dub rau tom qab dawb.

Txoj cai xaiv

Thaum yuav cov khoom ua si rau pab pawg kindergarten, koj yuav tsum tau tso siab rau qee yam, vim tias qhov kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam feem ntau nyob ntawm qhov kev paub ntawm kev xaiv:

• tsim nyog rau menyuam yaus hnub nyoog;
• cov khoom ua si npuag yuav tsum nrog cov thav duab kom cov phab ntsa tsis sag;
• daim duab thiab qhov me me kom khaws qhov loj ntawm 4-5 cm, lawv yuav tsum xis rau tus menyuam kom ntes;
• cov khoom ua si nrog cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau muab khi kom ruaj khov kom cov khoom me me tsis txhob sib cais kom tsis txhob muaj xwm txheej;
• cov khoom yas yuav tsum yog homogeneous, cov xim yog sib npaug rau lawv, yuav tsum tsis muaj burrs thiab irregularities;
• cov khoom ua si ntoo yuav tsum tau xuab zeb du thiab pleev xim rau tus kheej, txwv tsis pub cov menyuam yaus "catch" splinters;
• musical accessories yuav tsum txaus siab rau pob ntseg.

Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias hauv pab pawg nws tus kheej, cov khoom ua si yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm cov racks qis, hauvcov thawv ntawm lub log, hauv cov thawv yas kom cov menyuam tuaj yeem coj lawv dawb. Rau cov khoom uas muaj ntau yam ntsiab lus (xws li tus tsim, piv txwv li), ntau lub ntim ua los ntawm cov polyethylene ruaj khov, ntaub, yas, ntoo yuav tsum muab.

Rau pab pawg junior 2-3 xyoos

Ntawm no yog lub hnub nyoog sib tw tshaj plaws, yog li ntawd lub hauv paus ntawm kev paub thiab lub tswv yim ntawm lub ntiaj teb tau muab tso rau hauv cov menyuam yaus, yog li qhov yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv ib puag ncig ntawm tus menyuam. Txhua leej txhua tus yuav tsum tau hnov cov kab lus: "absorbs zoo li daim txhuam cev!" Yog li, qhov no yog raws nraim li cov me fidgets! Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog no tsis tau zaum hauv ib feeb, tab sis tsis tu ncua kawm ib yam dab tsi, yog li kev nyab xeeb kuj los ua ntej ntawm no. Cov khoom ua si yuav tsum tsis txhob tawg, nrog rau qhov me me, nrog cov npoo ntse.

Cov Xibhwb qhia 3 pawg ntawm cov khoom ua si muaj txiaj ntsig hauv qib kindergarten rau pab pawg yau:

• dolls, lwm yam cim, tsiaj;
• sets of letters and numbers;
• daim duab.

Thawj yam khoom yuav tsum muaj rau txhua tus menyuam yaus. Cov khoom ua si no pab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm kev xav thiab kev muaj tswv yim: hauv ib qho kev ua si, tus menyuam roj hmab mus rau qib kindergarten, lwm qhov, nws yuav yog tus kws qhia lossis niam nws tus kheej.

Cov lej thiab cov tsiaj ntawv muaj yeeb yuj pab tus menyuam kawm paub cov hauv paus ntawm kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej. Muab tso rau hauv kab, cov menyuam yaus yuav nco ntsoov lawv qhov kev sau ntawv, thiab cov xim ci ntsa iab yuav tsis cia leej twg tsis quav ntsej.

Txawm hais tias tus me nyuam tseem tsis tau paub hais lus zoo, nws pom thiab nkag siab ntau, yog li daim duab (phau ntawv) yuav yog tus pab tsis tau. Hauv qhov no, qhov pom kevcov ntsiab lus yog txuam los ntawm tus me nyuam nrog lo lus hais nrov nrov. Tom qab ntawd, nws yuav pom cov khoom no tiag tiag thaum koj nug nws txog nws.

Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog no nyuam qhuav pib ua si ua ke, cov duab yuav tsum muaj kev cai, koj yuav tsum tsom mus rau cov yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm cov khoom ua si (qhib qhov rooj, tsa lub cev ntawm lub tsheb thauj khoom, thiab lwm yam).

Cov khoom ua si hauv qhov loj feem ntau yog coj loj, ze tshaj qhov loj ntawm cov khoom tiag.

Cov khoom ua si rau cov menyuam yaus ntawm pab pawg hluas thib ob feem ntau muaj cov khoom hauv qab no:

• dej, tsiaj, noog sib txawv;
• dab teg menyuam roj hmab;
• figures of fairy-tale cim, me txiv neej;
• daim npog qhov ncauj ntawm cov tsiaj zoo heev;
• khaub ncaws rau kev ua si (kaus mom dawb, raincoat, cap, kaus mom hlau);
• tshuaj yej teeb, cookware sib txawv;
• tais, thoob, ib txheej zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
• yas rauj;
• doll txaj;
• hlau thiab rooj hlau;
• tsheb;
• qhib lub tsheb sab saum toj, lub cav hluav taws kub, tsheb thauj neeg mob;
• chav locomotives, wagons, dav hlau;
• tsheb rau menyuam roj hmab;
• nees (lwm yam tsiaj) ntawm lub log / lub rooj zaum pob zeb;



• nees ntawm tus pas;
• khoom siv kho mob;
• kab laug sab, ob lub koob yees duab;
• dej rooj tog, qhov cub;
• skeleton ntawm lub tsev;
• npo npo;
• screen-skeleton ntawm lub tsheb npav (tsheb) nrog lub kauj;
• chaw nres tsheb roj;
• volumetric modules (cubes, rollers, thiab lwm yam);
• lojtsev teeb;
• khoom hloov pauv me me;
• daim ntaub;
• pob, skittles;
• pob thiab rooj vag;
• board games ("ntses", "pob hauv lub qhov").

rau pab pawg nruab nrab 3-4 xyoos

Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog no feem ntau muaj kev xav zoo thiab ua siab ntev, yog li qhov kev ua si tseem ceeb dhau los ua lub luag haujlwm.

Cov khoom ua si rau pawg nruab nrab ntawm qib kindergarten muaj cov khoom tib yam li cov tub ntxhais hluas thib ob, ntxiv rau qee qhov ntxiv rau lawv:

• crane;
• railway;
• rocket-robot;
• tsheb me;
• ntsuas, saib, xov tooj;
• bags, baskets, backpacks;
• steering log thiab kauj log ntawm sawv;
• folding screen, theatre (screen);
• doll house;
• ua liaj ua teb layout;
• toj roob hauv pes layout;
• tsheb teeb;
• khoom siv los ntawm kev kawm (fortress, nroog, ua liaj ua teb);

• loj khawm constructor;
• rooj bowling; nplhaib toss;
• rooj ua si "lotto" thiab "goose".

Yog tias koj tau ntsib nrog cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas ua ib qho khoom ua si nrog koj tus kheej tes rau kindergarten, ua piv txwv, koj tuaj yeem muab qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws - screen-theatre rau menyuam roj hmab. Txhua yam koj xav tau yog cov ntawv tuab tuab (koj tuaj yeem siv nws los ntawm hauv qab lub thawv), ntaub, xov, koob, kua nplaum. Thiab cov neeg uas nyiam xaws khaub ncaws tuaj yeem yooj yim tailor dab teg. Cov chaw ua yeeb yam no nrov heev rau cov menyuam yaus, lawv tsim kev xav thiab ua tib zoo mloog.

Rau cov laus preschools

rau qhov nopawg ntawm kindergartens suav nrog cov menyuam yaus ntawm cov laus thiab cov pab pawg npaj. Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 4-6 xyoo twb muaj kev ywj pheej heev, lawv paub yuav ua li cas qhia lawv tus kheej zoo, lawv paub lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm ntawm lub hnub nyoog no yog kev npaj rau tsev kawm ntawv, yog li qhov tshwj xeeb yog muab tso rau ntawm cov ntawv kawm thiab suav.

Nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom ua si kuj muaj cov kab nrog cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov lej, phaib, kev ua si uas tsim kom muaj kev txawj ntse thiab lub cev muaj zog - tus tsim thiab mosaics, tab sis nrog cov ntsiab lus me me.

Yog li, cov neeg me thiab tsiaj txhu (5-7 cm), cov khaub ncaws thiab khoom siv rau menyuam roj hmab, khoom siv tub rog, tsheb sib tsoo, lub tsev menyuam roj hmab collapsible, teeb rau cov cim me (zoo, tsev, chaw nres tsheb, teeb pom kev zoo, nroog, ua liaj ua teb, txoj kev kos npe thiab teeb pom kev zoo), tsev kawm ntawv rooj tog, rooj football / hockey, nroog, darts, hopscotch lev, dominoes, checkers, chess, thiab lwm yam.

Yuav ua li cas yuav tsum tau ua hauv kindergarten?

Rau txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv preschool muaj ib daim ntawv teev cov khoom ua si yuav tsum muaj:

• cim: duab ntawm tib neeg, tsiaj txhu, menyuam roj hmab, thiab lwm yam.;
• khoom kawm: pyramids, mosaics, puzzles, inserts, thiab lwm yam.;
• khoom: tais diav, cuab yeej, qhov cub, hlau, thiab lwm yam.;
• thauj;
• board games, cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm: puzzles, dominoes, "lotto", phaib nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, ntau yam khoom;
• sets rau kev sim: hlau, ntoo tsim, thiab lwm yam.

Cov niam txiv feem ntau nqa kev kawm ua si rau cov chav kawm qib kindergarten. Cov khoom ua si yeej pab tsim kom muaj kev xav zoo hauv tus menyuam thiab cov txuj ci uas xav tau yav tom ntej, yog li kev kawm ua si kuj tau pom zoo los ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv.

Yam khoom ua rau kev ua phem, kev ua phem rau lub neej, kev sib deev thaum ntxov, kev nruj kev tsiv yog txwv tsis pub.

Thiab tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov khoom ua si muaj rau cov tub thiab cov ntxhais, raws li lawv nyiam thiab nyiam. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev txhim kho tag nrho ntawm tus kheej.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, ntau yam khoom ua si loj heev. Xaiv qhov tsim nyog thiab tsim kom muaj kev txhim kho ib puag ncig hauv kindergarten yog lub luag haujlwm thiab nyuaj uas tau tso siab rau cov kws qhia ntawv. Tom qab tag nrho, piv txwv li, yog tias koj yuav ib lub nyoob hoom qav taub prefabricated rau cov menyuam yaus 2 xyoos, nws tsis zoo li zaum thiab khawb rau lub sijhawm ntev nrog cov haujlwm no, cov khoom ua si no zoo dua rau cov menyuam yaus. Thiab vice versa, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6 xyoo nws tsis txaus siab rau txoj hlua pyramid rings, Kuv xav sib sau ua ke ib yam dab tsi loj los ntawm cov ntsiab lus me me xws li Lego.

Tau kawg, thawj qhov chaw hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv preschool tsis yog qhov kev ua si lossis cov khoom ua si nws tus kheej, tab sis cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nthuav qhia nws rau tus menyuam los ntawm tus kws qhia, 90% kev vam meej nyob ntawm qhov no.

Tib lub sijhawm, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov khoom ua si siv hauv kindergarten yuav tsum ua ntej ntawm txhua qhov kev nyab xeeb, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd coj mus rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus menyuam.