Kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool raws li GEF (6-7 xyoo)

2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:33

tsim kom tus menyuam tus cwj pwm tsis yog ua haujlwm rau niam txiv xwb. Cov kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum tau koom nrog hauv nws qhov kev txiav txim siab.

Qhia txog cov qauv kev kawm tshiab

Hauv xyoo 2013/14, txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv preschool hloov mus ua haujlwm raws li cov qauv tshiab (FSES). Yog vim li cas rau cov kauj ruam no yog qhov Order ntawm Ministry of Education thiab Science ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation (No. 1155, 2013) ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom hloov mus rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm preschool kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab kev hais lus ntawm cov me nyuam.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm GEF hauv kindergarten yog dab tsi?

Kev hais lus kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschools raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci tau lees paub tias yog ib txoj hauv kev rau kev paub txog cov hauv paus ntawm kev sib txuas lus raws li ib feem ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm lub teb chaws, nrog rau kev sib txuas lus tas li, kev tsim ntawm muaj peev xwm, coherent monologue thiab dialogic kev sib tham. Yuav kom ua tiav nws, koj yuav xav tau kev muaj tswv yim, tsim cov intonation thiab suab kab lis kev cai ntawm kev sib tham, muaj peev xwm hnov lus zoo, kev kawm txog cov menyuam yaus cov ntaub ntawv, tus menyuam muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm ntau hom. Kev txhim kho kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci (6-7 xyoo) tsim cov qauv tsim nyog rau kev kawm nyeem thiab sau ntawv ntxiv.

Txoj haujlwm ntawm preschoolkev kawm

Kev hais lus kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai Kev Kawm Txuj Ci tau teeb tsa cov dej num hauv qab no: tsim kom muaj kev sib tham kom raug, tab sis kuj yog kev xav ntawm tus menyuam. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev saib xyuas qhia tau hais tias tus naj npawb ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool uas muaj kev cuam tshuam loj hauv kev muaj peev xwm hais tau raug tau nce tsis ntev los no.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tsim cov lus hais ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool raws sijhawm, saib xyuas nws txoj kev huv, tiv thaiv thiab kho cov teeb meem uas suav tias yog kev sib txawv ntawm cov kev lees paub feem ntau thiab cov qauv ntawm cov lus Lavxias.

Txoj haujlwm ntawm kev kawm preschool (FSES)

Kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci (cov hom phiaj thiab cov hom phiaj tau tham luv luv saum toj no) tau ua nyob rau hauv ntau cov lus qhia:

• ua kom muaj kev txawj ntse ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool nrog cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog los ntawm cov chav kawm, kev soj ntsuam, kev sim ua haujlwm;
• ua tiav kev xav thiab kev xav hauv chav kawm ntawm kev sib txuas lus nrog cov xwm txheej, cov khoom, cov neeg sib txawv;
• systematization ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog ib puag ncig cov xwm txheej, tsim lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom ntiaj teb;
• kev hwm ntuj, txhawb kev xav zoo;
• tsim cov xwm txheej uas yuav pab txheeb xyuas thiab txhawb kev nyiam ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv preschool, muaj peev xwm ntawm lawv txoj kev ywj pheej hauv kev hais lus;
• kev txhawb nqa rau kev tsim cov txheej txheem kev txawj ntse hauv cov menyuam mos.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws qhia GEF

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm ib qho twgtus kws qhia ntawv - kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam kawm preschool raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci. Ua tsaug rau nws, qhov pib tsim ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm tus menyuam yuav tshwm sim. Kev ua tiav tag nrho ntawm lub hom phiaj no yog tsim los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub hnub nyoog preschool ntawm kev sib txuas lus thoob ntiaj teb ntawm tus me nyuam nrog cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig nws. Ib tug laus preschool yuav tsum tau yooj yim tham nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub neej sib txawv hnub nyoog, kev sib raug zoo, poj niam txiv neej.

Kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschoolers raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci (6-7 xyoos) suav nrog kev paub lus Lavxias, kev taw qhia hauv chav kawm ntawm kev sib txuas lus rau tus interlocutor, muaj peev xwm xaiv cov ntawv sib txawv thiab pom cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib tham.

Cov lus qhia rau kev txhim kho tus menyuam kawm ntawv preschool raws li GEF

Raws li cov qauv tshiab, cov tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum muab cov menyuam kawm preschool nrog cov hauv qab no ntawm kev loj hlob:

• cognitive;
• kev sib txuas lus;
• kev zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj;
• verbal;
• lub cev.

Rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev paub txog kev loj hlob

FSES suav tias faib kev txawj ntse thiab kev hais lus rau hauv ob qhov sib cais.

Kev paub txog kev paub txhais tau tias tsim kom muaj kev xav paub, kev loj hlob ntawm kev txaus siab, kev ua haujlwm hauv kev kawm hauv cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool. Lub luag haujlwm yog tsim kom muaj kev nco qab ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv preschool, tsim cov tswv yim pib ntawm lwm tus neeg, txog tus kheej, txog cov khoom sib txawv nyob ib puag ncig, kev sib raug zoo, cov khoom ntawm cov khoom (xim, duab, suab, suab, khoom, ib feem, ntau, tag nrho, sijhawm, kev, kaj, siab,qhov tshwm sim, ua rau).

Kev paub txog kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai Kev Kawm Txuj Ci yuav pab tsim kom cov menyuam muaj kev hlub rau lawv Niam. Cov chav kawm tsim lub tswv yim ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm tib neeg, kev coj noj coj ua, nrog rau cov hnub so hauv tebchaws, pab txhim kho kev nkag siab ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntiaj teb, cov txheej txheem ntuj tsim, phenomena, ntau haiv neeg thiab lub teb chaws.

Kev hais lus tshwj xeeb ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool

Kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci hauv 1 pawg junior tau teeb tsa txoj haujlwm ntawm kev txawj hais lus raws li qhov tsim nyog rau kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev sib txuas lus. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov chav kawm pab cov me nyuam kom txhawb cov lus, tsim lub suab hnov.

Yuav ua li cas cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account los ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv npaj kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool?

Raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci, nyob rau lub sijhawm kawm preschool, nrog kev pab ntawm kev paub txog kab lis kev cai, tus menyuam tab tom tsim cov tswv yim tseem ceeb txog lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig nws. Thaum cov menyuam loj hlob tuaj, lawv txoj kev xav hauv ntiaj teb hloov pauv. Tsis txhob hnov qab tias txoj hauv kev ntawm kev paub thiab kev loj hlob hauv ib tus neeg me txawv txawv ntawm cov tswv yim ntawm cov neeg laus uas muaj peev xwm nkag siab txog cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig thiab cov khoom nrog lawv tus kheej kev txawj ntse, thaum menyuam yaus tau paub txog ntau yam tshwm sim nrog kev pab ntawm kev xav. Cov neeg laus nyiam ua cov ntaub ntawv yam tsis tau them nyiaj rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm tib neeg. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool tsis tuaj yeem ua cov kev paub ntau yam zoo thiab nrawm, yog li kev sib raug zoo ntawm tib neeg ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau lawv.

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm peb lub xyoosme nyuam

Rau tus menyuam muaj peb xyoos, cov ntsiab lus ntxaws ntawm kev muaj tiag ua raws li lub hauv paus ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev xav. Lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog no yog cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm tus kheej, cov khoom, cov xwm txheej. Kev paub txog lub ntiaj teb yog ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: qhov kuv pom, kuv siv nws, kuv paub. Tus me nyuam saib cov khoom los ntawm qhov sib txawv. Nws txaus siab rau sab nraud (Leej twg? Dab tsi?), Sab hauv (Vim Li Cas?) Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom. Thaum lub hnub nyoog no, nws tsis muaj peev xwm nkag siab txog ntau yam zais cia. Kev hais lus kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci hauv thawj pab pawg me yog tsom rau kev pab hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm tshiab, tshwm sim, tshawb nrhiav kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus kheej cov txheej txheem ntuj tsim.

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam ntawm pab pawg hluas thib ob

Cov menyuam yaus ntawm pab pawg hluas thib ob muaj peev xwm tsim kom muaj kev vam khom thiab thawj kev sib txuas ntawm cov xwm txheej thiab cov khoom, sib cuam tshuam cov yam ntxwv sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm cov khoom, txheeb xyuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qee qhov ntawm lawv rau tib neeg lub neej. Kev hais lus tag nrho ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci hauv pab pawg hluas thib ob tso cai rau cov menyuam ntawm pab pawg no sib tham, kawm tham nrog cov neeg laus.

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam muaj plaub xyoos

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog plaub xyoos, kev tsim ntawm tus cwj pwm tau hloov pauv tseem ceeb los ntawm cov txheej txheem physiological tshwm sim hauv cerebral cortex, kev hloov pauv ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev txawj hais lus. Muaj ib tug tsub zuj zuj ntawm ib tug tag nrho-fledged Tshuag ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov phenomena uas tshwm simnyob ib ncig ntawm tus menyuam. Kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam yaus preschool yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Raws li GEF, pawg nruab nrab yog lub sijhawm thaum kev nkag siab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov lus hais tau qhib. Cov menyuam yaus pib assimilate, nkag siab ntau yam ntaub ntawv nthuav dav txog lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig lawv. Lub hnub nyoog no qhia txog kev tsim cov kev nyiam xaiv tsa ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool, thiab yog li xav tau ib qho kev txhim kho tshwj xeeb.

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam muaj tsib xyoos

Lub hnub nyoog no, tus menyuam twb muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv txog cov khoom, qhov tshwm sim, lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig nws, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav raws sijhawm. Kev hais lus tsis tu ncua ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci nyob rau lub hnub nyoog no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txav mus rau qhov kev paub hauv theem pib nrog cov ntsiab lus xws li "cim", "lub sijhawm", "kos npe". Lawv yuav tseem ceeb heev rau kev npaj mus kawm ntawv ntxiv.

Tus kws qhia ntawv qhia cov ntsiab lus zoo li no, ua cov kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam kawm preschool raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci. Nws txoj haujlwm yog kom txaus siab rau tus menyuam. Piv txwv li, txhawm rau tsim qee cov cim, cov menyuam yaus ua haujlwm nrog lub ntiaj teb, cov paib tsheb, lub hli, thaj chaw huab cua, pawg cim. "Lub Sijhawm" suav tias yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub hnub nyoog no. Thaum tus menyuam tsis paub tias lo lus no txhais li cas. Nws tsis pom zoo tias hnub twg yog hnub no, thiab thaum twg qhov no lossis qhov xwm txheej tshwm sim. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau nws piav kom raug thiab txawj ntse tias tag kis, hnub no thiab nag hmo yog dab tsi.

Kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci yog tsom rau kev sau cov dab neeg txog lub sijhawm, daim ntawv qhia hnub. Tus kws qhia ntawv, qhia txog cov ntsiab lus no rau cov menyuam yaus, tsim qhov "kob ntawm yav dhau los" hauv pab pawg. ATYog li ntawd, preschoolers tob zuj zus thiab nthuav lawv cov tswv yim txog inanimate, nyob xwm, kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov kws qhia ntawv pab lawv pawg ntseeg, coj lawv txoj kev kawm nyuaj, tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ua ke, thiab txhawb kev coj tus cwj pwm zoo rau lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig lawv.

Ib qho tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus me nyuam yog qhov muaj kev txhawb siab. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv preschool muaj peev xwm kawm ncaj qha nyob ntawm lub peev xwm kom sai sai assimilate cov ntaub ntawv tau txais. Qhov no yog kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam kawm preschool raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci. Qhov kev pab cuam "Los ntawm Yug mus rau Tsev Kawm Ntawv" yog tus yuam sij rau kev vam meej ntawm tus me nyuam. Kev hais lus ntawm tus menyuam hnub nyoog preschool loj hlob sai heev - rau tus menyuam muaj rau xyoo, "bank" ntawm 4000 lo lus suav hais tias yog ib txwm.

Txoj hauv kev tsim kom muaj ib puag ncig tsim rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschools

Txhawm rau txhawm rau tsim tus cwj pwm ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tsim kom muaj ib qho chaw loj hlob nyob rau hauv txhua pab pawg hnub nyoog.

Muaj cov kev xav tau meej hauv GEF DO uas ua rau muaj kev txaus siab ntxiv ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool. Raws li cov qauv, qhov tsim khoom-spatial ib puag ncig yuav tsum muaj ntau yam, hloov pauv tau, nplua nuj, nkag mus tau, hloov pauv, thiab tseem muaj kev nyab xeeb. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm saturation, nws tag nrho sib haum mus rau lub hnub nyoog yam ntxwv ntawm cov me nyuam, raws li zoo raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev kawm.

Ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim kom muaj kev loj hlob spatial-subject ib puag ncig yog suav tias yog kev ua raws li tag nrhokhoom siv rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov me nyuam. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab nyuaj ua kom tiav. Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai Kev Kawm Txuj Ci Presuppose ib tug neeg mus kom ze rau txhua tus me nyuam, uas tsuas yog cov kws qhia ntawv muaj kev paub ntau tshaj uas muaj kev paub ntau hauv kev ua haujlwm nrog cov menyuam yaus muaj peev xwm muab tau.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias nyob rau hauv txhua pab pawg tom ntej tus me nyuam yuav tsum txhim kho cov kev txawj ntse uas tau txais ua ntej, qhov no yog cov kev kawm niaj hnub rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool raws li.

Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 3 txog 5 xyoos uas hloov pauv ntawm kev ua si yuav tsum tau muab sijhawm los txhim kho kev txawj ntse los ntawm ib puag ncig. Cov qauv ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev nco, kev xav, kev hais lus, kev mloog yog tsim los ntawm ib puag ncig rau lub hom phiaj kev ua si (qhov xwm txheej kev ua si), nrog rau cov xwm txheej rau kev loj hlob thiab kev kawm ntawm tus kheej.

Hauv pab pawg hluas, cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool yuav tsum muaj ntau yam kev ua ub no, yuav tsum muaj kev sib txuas ntawm kev ua si thiab kev kawm. Cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm pab pawg hluas yuav tsum siv kev ua si, pab pawg, cov chav kawm hauv lawv txoj haujlwm.

Pab pawg nruab nrab xav tias muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ua si mus rau kev kawm kev kawm.

Hauv pab pawg laus, kev ua si lub luag haujlwm yog qhov tseem ceeb, uas muaj cov cai tshwj xeeb. Tus kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum tsim kom muaj ib qho chaw tsim kev kawm, los txhawb cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool rau kev txawj ntse.

Nyob hauv pab pawg npaj, siv cov kev qhia uas ua raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci, pab npaj cov me nyuam mus kawm ntawv. Kev vam meej hauv kev kawm ntxiv yuav nyob ntawm theem ntawm kev npaj cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschools.