Lavsan: nws yog dab tsi, cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab cov peev txheej

2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:45

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau ntawm daim ntawv lo ntawm ntau hom khaub ncaws, feem ntau koj tuaj yeem pom lo lus lavsan. Nws yog dab tsi? Dhau li ntawm yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws nrov tshaj plaws, cov neeg feem coob tsis paub ntau txog nws.

lavsan yog dab tsi?

Kev tshawb fawb, nws yog hu ua polyethylene terephthalate. Nws yog ib yam khoom tau los ntawm polycondensation ntawm terephthalic acid (DMT) thiab ethylene glycol. Nws yog cov khoom uas tsis muaj xim nyob rau hauv lub xeev amorphous thiab dawb nyob rau hauv crystalline xeev. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, polyester fibers tau tsim, uas muaj zog thiab hnav tsis kam.

Npe keeb kwm

Cov khoom siv Lavsan tau txais nws lub npe ua tsaug rau Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Macromolecular Compounds ntawm Academy of Sciences, qhov twg nws tau tshwm sim thawj zaug. Thawj tsab ntawv ntawm lub npe ntawm lub chaw soj nstuam muab lub npe rau cov khoom tshiab. Hauv lwm lub tebchaws, polyethylene terephthalate muaj cov npe sib txawv - dacron hauv Asmeskas, tergal hauv Fabkis, trevira hauv Tebchaws Yelemees.

Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho cov khoom no, qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog rau E. M. Aizenshtein, nyob rau hauv kev taw qhiauas yog ib zaug tau txais xov xov lavsan, uas muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb.

Production of lavsan

Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov kev cob qhia ntawm cov nroj tsuag, muaj tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim, vim hais tias cov tshuaj DMT thiab ethylene glycol hloov mus rau hauv ib tug viscous resinous loj. Hauv khw spinning, nrog kev pab los ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, fibers yog tsim los ntawm nws. Cov resin ntws tawm hauv cov kwj deg los ntawm qhov tsawg tshaj plaws. Lub thickness ntawm cov xov yav tom ntej nyob ntawm lawv qhov loj. Lub fiber spinning ceev yog los ntawm 500 mus rau 1200 meters ib feeb. Nyias cobwebs yog sai sai glued rau hauv ib tug xov thiab qhov txhab ntawm ib tug bobbin.

Cov fibers no tseem tsis tau lavsan. Nws yog dab tsi? Txog tam sim no, cov txiaj ntsig tau tuaj yeem hu ua amorphous polymer, uas tseem tsis tau tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom. Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, nws raug rau kev ncab, tom qab ntawd qhov kub thiab txias nrog cua kub, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd nws raug xa mus rau weaving factories thiab lwm yam lag luam.

Xov, uas yuav dhau los ua ntaub plaub nyob rau yav tom ntej, tsis raug mob los ntawm bobbins, sib sau ua ke. Tom qab ntawd nws yog ncab, shirred, thiab cov fiber yuav siv sij hawm zoo ib yam li cov ntaub plaub. Cov bundles raug txiav rau hauv daim, qhov luaj li cas nyob ntawm seb lub ntuj fiber lawv yuav muab tov nrog.

Khoom ntawm lavsan fibers

Cov khoom siv no muaj ntau qhov zoo dua polyamide fibers. Nws muaj nuj nqis rau nws tsis kam mus ya raws, lub teeb, kub kub thiab zoo resilience, zoo heev tuav ntawm folds thiab pleats thaum ntxuav.

Cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv no zoo li cov ntaub plaub. Tab sis, tsis zoo li lawv, lawv muaj zog ntau dua, tsis puas los ntawm npauj lossis pwm, tsis txhob hlawv thiab tiv taus ntau dua. Lavsan yog ib qho fiber ntau uas tsuas yog deforms ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 260 ⁰С. Nws vam meej nyob rau hauv acidic thiab me ntsis alkaline ib puag ncig.

High crystallinity thiab qhov pore me me tsis tso cai rau cov xim zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj. Qhov no yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ua ntej tsim fiber ntau lossis ntawm qhov kub siab thiab ntawm 200⁰C.

Cov tshuaj lom neeg tsis txaus ntseeg yog lavsan. Qhov nws paub zoo rau cov kws kho mob. Cov khoom no tsis cuam tshuam nrog tib neeg lub cev, vim hais tias lavsan threads tau siv dav hauv kev phais. Tsis zoo li cov kev phais kev phais, lawv tsis deform tom qab kev phais thiab khaws cov tsos ntawm cov suture.

daim ntawv thov lavsan

Hauv dab tsi kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam hauv tebchaws yog Lavsan tsis siv vim nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb! Nws yog qhov kev thov tshwj xeeb hauv kev lag luam textile rau kev tsim cov xov xaws, ntaub ntaub-tulle fabrics, cov ntaub zoo nkauj thiab cov ntaub plaub. Lavsan npuag tau zoo siv hauv kev tsim cov khaub ncaws sab nrauv, tsho, suits, hnav khaub ncaws, thiab lwm yam.

Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv no ua rau nws tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob. Hluav taws kub hoses, irrigation tshuab hoses ua los ntawm Dacron yog resistant rau lwj thiab muaj ib tug ntev kev pab cuam lub neej.

Kev thov nce ntxivsiv lavsan hauv tshuaj. Nws yog siv los hloov cov hlab ntsha. Hauv kev phais, lavsan xov yog nce hloov qhov qub.

Polyethylene terephthalate tau pom daim ntawv thov dav tshaj plaws hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus, cov thawv yas thiab lub raj mis. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv niaj hnub no (diss, films, magnetic tapes).

Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, kev kho mob thiab kev kho tshuab tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau hnub no yam tsis muaj kev siv lavsan. Nws yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev, khoom noj khoom haus, conveyor siv. Filling polyethylene terephthalate nrog ntau yam khoom ntxiv (iav fiber ntau, fluoroplastic, molybdenum disulfide) ua rau nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab hluav taws xob zoo. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau npe hnub no lub cheeb tsam ntawm kev tsim khoom, qhov twg Lavsan yuav tsis siv. Nws yog dab tsi thiab nws muaj dab tsi - nws tau tham txog qhov nthuav dav hauv kab lus.