Ruby iav yog cov khoom tawg yooj yim los ntawm Ancient Egypt

2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:25

Ib yam ntawm cov khoom thiab cov ntaub ntawv paub txij thaum ub yog iav. Los ntawm ntau haiv neeg ntawm nws cov khoom, nws yog tiag tiag universal. Cov khoom siv dag zog yog tau los ntawm melting iav-forming Cheebtsam thiab ntau yam tshuaj ntsiab lus los muab cov xim uas xav tau (quartz xuab zeb, limestone, oxides ntawm silicon, boron, txhuas, phosphorus, zirconium, magnesium, tooj liab, thiab lwm yam). Cov xim palette txawv ntawm qhov tseeb thiab tsis muaj xim mus rau txhua hom kev vibrant hues, nrog rau cov iav ruby vibrant.

Glass Story

Cov khoom tau los ntawm kev kub hnyiab nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias (los ntawm + 300-2500 ° C) yog tsim nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt ob peb txhiab xyoo ua ntej peb era. Cov iav xim tau tshwm sim sai dua li dawb thiab pob tshab. Glassblowers ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tsis tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom huv, yog li feem ntau qias neeg ntxoov ntsuab, xim av, grey tau tshwm sim.

Tom qab ib ntus, cov tshuaj ntxiv tau pib qhia tshwj xeebqee cov hlau, thiab cov xim qias neeg tau npog nrog cov xim ci. Cov iav ua zoo li pob zeb muaj nuj nqis, nplhaib, lub raj mis, hlaws dai, tais, vases tau ua los ntawm nws.

Raws li glassmaking evolved, craftsmen kawm kom tau ntau yam xim, lub iav nws tus kheej ua purer, thiab kos duab ntawm ntau lawm thiab colouring tseem yog ib tug nruj daim card. Zoo ib yam li pob zeb muaj nuj nqis, lub iav ruby ci ntsa iab tau ua rov qab rau xyoo pua 17th, rau qhov kub no tau ntxiv.

Antonio Neri hauv nws daim ntawv cog lus ntawm 1612 tau piav qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm rubies thiab kub hlau, thiab thawj daim ntawv qhia brewing yog tsim los ntawm German-yug alchemist Johann Kegel thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom hauv Central Europe nyob rau xyoo pua 18th tau hloov pauv me ntsis, ua rau qhov ntxoov ntxoo ib yam ntshav liab lossis xim av.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, Mikhail Lomonosov tau tsim ib daim ntawv qhia, ua lub chaw soj nstuam uas ruby iav tau tsim, thiab teeb tsa nws cov khoom. Cov xim ntawm iav tinted hauv paj yeeb, crimson, liab, magenta ntxoov tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kub nanoparticles thiab kev kho cua sov.

Ruby production nrog kub

Qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tsim khoom yog nyob rau hauv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm cov iav ruby yog tsim, cov khoom siv tshuaj kub thiab tooj liab hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog lub luag haujlwm rau xim cov khoom tiav. Cov iav liab yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws rau kev tsim khoom, vim nws muaj txog kaum lub ntsiab lus. Nyob ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv, cov iav tau txais nws tus yam ntxwv.khoom.

Ruby iav tau txais ntau theem:

1. Los ntawm fusing iav yaj nrog me me ntawm cov chloride kub.
2. Lub sijhawm txias thaum lub sijhawm huab cua ua pob tshab lossis daj me ntsis.
3. Reheat rau qhov kub thiab txias.
4. Slow txias nrog iav xim liab.

Cov txheej txheem no hu ua staining, thiab cov iav ruby tau txais lub peev xwm los xa cov kab liab liab xwb.

Kub hloov pauv hauv rubies

Cov qib pheej yig ntawm ruby iav yog tau los ntawm kev siv nyiaj, tooj liab, selenium es tsis txhob kub hauv kev tsim khoom. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, iav yog ua raws li nram no:

1. Melting and boiling the mass with the me me of tin and copper.
2. Qhov tshwm sim tsis muaj xim tsis muaj xim yog txias.
3. Rov qab ci rau qhov kub thiab txias.
4. Dyeing thiab txias lub sijhawm.

Tom qab ntawd, lub khob tau txais cov xim liab zoo nkauj, zoo ib yam rau cov pob zeb muaj nuj nqis. Kev tsim cov rubies nrog tooj liab siv los txiav txim siab ntau qhov tseeb thiab capricious, vim nws tsis yog ib txwm ua tau kom ua tiav cov xim lossis qhov xav tau ntawm nws qhov ci ci.

Txoj Kev Ua Haujlwm

Txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua cov khoom iav yog:

1. Blowing yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem qub tshaj plaws, mob siab rau thiab ua haujlwm nyuaj. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev siv tswv yim ntawm complex technology, qhov twg lub ntsiab yuav tsum tau siabprecision thiab raug. Hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, cov txheej txheem no tau siv ob txoj hauv kev. Phau ntawv, thaum cov khoom raug tshuab nrog lub khob raj. Ua li no, lub khob loj yog sau rau ntawm nws qhov kawg thiab tom qab ntawd inflated, maj mam tig lub raj thiab muab cov duab xav tau. Mechanized, thaum cov khoom yog tshuab rau iav-forming tshuab siv compressed cua. Feem ntau ntawm cov tshuab no ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tsis siv neeg. Qhov no yog li cas cov khoom hollow ntawm ntau yam configurations yog tshuab: nqaim-caj dab rau kev kho mob thiab naj hoom industries, zaub mov thiab tshuaj ntim, thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Tsis tshua muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb, cov duab tshwj xeeb thiab kev hloov pauv yog ib txwm tsim los ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm xuas tes ua xwb.
2. Nias yog txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los tsim cov khoom iav, nyob rau hauv uas ib feem ntawm cov iav loj yog muab tso rau hauv pwm nyob rau hauv ib tug xovxwm thiab cov khoom yog extruded rau hauv ib tug precisely cov duab. Tom qab ua tiav txias, cov khoom raug tshem tawm ntawm pwm. Feem ntau cov no yog cov khoom tuab-walled nrog nto irregularities thiab seams. Raws li kev tshuab, nias tuaj yeem yog phau ntawv thiab txhua yam. Nrog phau ntawv, siv lub tshuab nrog lub zog lossis lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xovxwm. Cov xovxwm mechanized yog nyob rau ntawm cov iav tsis siv neeg ua tshuab ntawm iav factories.
3. Nkauj. Txoj kev no muaj nyob rau hauv pouring lub iav loj rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb ua pwm. Tom qab txias, lub khob tau txais qhov tsim nyog, tuab thiab loj.

Thov ruby iav

iav tau txais kev xa tawm dav dav thiab daim ntawv thov hauv ntau qhov chaw vim nws muaj peev xwm hloov pauv los ntawmua kua kom khov thaum nws txias thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev molten, nws yuav siv sij hawm ib tug muab, uas yog khaws cia tom qab solidification.

iav yog siv dav hauv ntau yam lag luam. Ruby iav yog siv los tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Cov iav, tais, tais, khoom qab zib tais, tswm ciab, carafes, noj hmo thiab ntau ntxiv yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom tawg yooj yim no. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cov hniav, siv kos duab, hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Raws li nws tau muab tawm, tsis yog tsuas yog paub zoo Kremlin hnub qub thiab vases yog tsim los ntawm nws, ruby iav kuj siv hauv engineering, kev tsim kho, thiab kev lag luam.

Hnub no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau kawm paub yuav ua li cas rubies los ntawm kev ntxiv selenium rau iav es tsis txhob kub thiab tooj liab, sib txuas nrog lwm cov tshuaj. Nyob ntawm lawv cov concentration, ruby iav tuaj yeem tau txais ntau yam ntxoov ntxoo.