Suab suab hauv menyuam yaus: nta thiab kho

2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:33

Kev tsim cov suab nrov hauv cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum ua kom tiav 5-6 xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, txiav txim los ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv, ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm thawj zaug muaj qee yam teeb meem kev hais lus. Qhov no ua rau nyuaj rau lawv cov kev sib txuas lus nrog lwm tus neeg, ua rau cov tsos ntawm cov yuam kev tshwj xeeb hauv kev txhim kho kev sau ntawv. Kuv tuaj yeem pom qhov teeb meem hauv kuv tus menyuam li cas? Cov kev hais lus twg yuav ploj mus raws sijhawm, thiab qhov twg yuav tsum tau hais rau cov kws tshaj lij tam sim?

hais lus tsis meej

Tus me nyuam hais lus yog nquag tsim thaum muaj hnub nyoog preschool. Tau ntev heev, cov teeb meem hauv qab no tuaj yeem pom hauv nws:

• Tsis muaj suab. Nws tsuas yog hla ("oshka" hloov "dawb", "qhov muag" es tsis yog "tus cwj mem").
• Hloov qee lub suab nrog lwm tus, sib dua ("yyba" hloov "ntses", "sal" hloov "pob").
• Sound distortion (burr, nasality).
• Kev sib xyaw phonemes uas tau hais kom raug. Tus menyuam hais tias "tsheb" lossis "masina", tsis meej pem.

Ntau yam tsis zoo hauv kev hais suab hauv cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem ua ke nrog lwm yam teeb meem: tsis muaj phrasal hais lus, cov lus me me, siv cov ntawv sau tsis raug. Qhov no yuav qhia tau tias muaj teeb meem nyuaj uas ib tus tsis tuaj yeem txwv tus kheej ua haujlwm nrog suab.

Ua txhaum cai

Ib txhia niam txiv sim kho tus me nyuam qhov tsis xws luag los ntawm kev kho nws cov lus thiab hais lus tas li. Qhov no ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm tus menyuam, thiab qee zaum ua rau stuttering. Kev kho lub suab nrov hauv cov menyuam yaus tsis yog ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim. Koj yuav tsum pib nws tsis yog nrog cov lus pom, tab sis nrog kev txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag. Lawv tuaj yeem yog:

• teeb meem hnov lus.
• Impaired differentiation, uas tus me nyuam tsis paub qhov txawv ntawm phonemes uas nyob ze ntawm acoustic suab (piv txwv li, "d" thiab "t").
• Tshuaj anatomical qauv ntawm tus nplaig, palate, puab tsaig, ntau yam tom.
• txwv kev txav ntawm lub suab apparatus (tshwj xeeb yog daim di ncauj thiab tus nplaig).
• Kev loj hlob tsis zoo, thaum niam txiv "lis" nrog tus menyuam ntev dhau los lossis hloov pauv, tsis txhob mloog nws, cog nws rau pem hauv ntej TV.
• Kev sib txuas lus tas li nrog cov neeg hais lus tsis raug. Teeb meem kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum cov niam txiv hais nrawm heev thiab tsis paub meej.
• ob hom lus. Tus me nyuam tsis meej pem nyob rau hauv peculiarities ntawm kev hais lus,uas ua rau distortion ntawm lub suab zoo li lwm yam lus.

Cov tub ntxhais hluas preschools

Tus me nyuam lub cuab yeej kev sib txuas lus maj mam. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau ua tiav qhov kev hais lus raug, tsis txhob hnov qab txog peculiarities ntawm lub suab hais nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam.

Nws zoo yog tias thaum muaj 3 xyoos:

• me nyuam softens consonants ("l'ozitska" es tsis txhob "dav");
• ntxhi thiab husing phonemes raug tshem tawm, hloov pauv, tsis meej pem lossis tsis txaus ntseeg;
• tsis muaj "l" thiab "r" suab hauv kev hais lus;
• suab phonemes stunned;
• hloov cov suab lus tom qab, cov suab lus sab nraud tau hais tawm ("dorod" hloov "lub nroog", "tarandash" es tsis yog "miv").

Cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem hais lub suab kom meej, tab sis tsis hais nws nrog lwm tus, rov kho cov suab lus hauv cov lus, hla tus lej yog tias lawv nyob ze. Cov niam txiv yuav tsum ceev faj yog tias tus menyuam tsis kam tiv tauj, tsis nkag siab cov lus thov thiab cov lus nug yooj yim, tswj cov lus ntu ntu (hais tias "ma" thiab tsis yog "niam", "ako" thiab tsis yog "mis").

Medium preschoolers

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 4-5 xyoos, kev loj hlob ntawm cov suab lus hauv cov menyuam yaus yog qhov nquag heev. softening ntawm suab yuav luag ploj. Cov menyuam yaus pib hais cov suab nrov nrov, lawv feem ntau muaj lub suab "r", tab sis lawv cov lus tseem tsis tau siv. Tus menyuam yuav hais ib lo lus kom raug thiab ua yuam kev rau lwm tus. Tib lub sijhawm, lub suab tsis muaj lawmhla thiab hloov los ntawm lwm tus.

Qee zaum, tau kawm hais cov xov tooj "w", "r", "g", tus menyuam nkag rau hauv txhua lo lus ("dub" es tsis yog "dej", "zhub" es tsis txhob "tus hniav"). Tab sis feem ntau, kev hais lus tau pom meej dua, cov menyuam yaus hloov cov suab lus tsawg dua, yuav luag tsis sau cov lus. Nws raug suav hais tias yog qhov qub yog tias tus menyuam tsis raug hais lus xuav, sonorous ("p", "l") thiab suab nrov. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, sab laj tus kws kho mob hais lus.

Cov tub ntxhais kawm preschools

Cov kws kho hais lus hais tias thaum muaj hnub nyoog 5-6 xyoo, lub suab hais lus raug rau cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau tsim kom tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, kwv yees li 20% ntawm cov menyuam yaus muaj kev hais lus tsis zoo.

Lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam:

• Nrog tsis txaus automation ntawm lub suab nrov, nrog rau cov xov tooj "l" thiab "p". Qee cov menyuam yaus tsim cov kab mob burr lossis lissp.
• stuttering thiab dyslalia xav tau kev pab tshaj lij.
• Nrog lub suab nrov nrov, thaum tus menyuam nrawm nrawm, nqos qhov xaus, hais suab tsis meej.

Raws li kev nkag hauv tsev kawm ntawv nce mus txog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas ntxiv rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev hais lus meej. Thaum tsis ntseeg, nws yog qhov zoo dua mus ntsib kws kho mob hais lus thiab kuaj xyuas kom meej.

Kev tshuaj xyuas lub suab hauv cov menyuam yaus

Pib pib qhov kev kuaj mob, tus kws kho hais lus yuav ua tib zoo xyuas cov qauv ntawm cov cuab yeej hais lus ntawm tus neeg mob me. Tus me nyuam yuav nugua ntau yam txav nrog lub puab tsaig, daim di ncauj thiab tus nplaig. Nov yog qhov lawv tau nthuav tawm.

Yuav soj ntsuam cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev hais suab hauv cov menyuam yaus, lawv raug hais kom hais lub suab nyob hauv kev sib cais. Nws raug tshuaj xyuas sai npaum li cas articulatory switching tshwm sim. Cov me nyuam yaus rov ua cov suab lus ("pack-cap") lossis chains ntawm lawv ("mna-mnu-ntau").

Cia li tso duab. Nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm cov khoom depicted rau lawv, muaj ib tug kawm suab. Nws sawv hauv txoj haujlwm sib txawv thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke. Yog hais tias tus me nyuam ua distortions, tus kws kho mob hais kom rov qab lo lus tom qab nws, hais cov lus nrog lub suab muaj teeb meem. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xaiv tsis yog yooj yim xwb, tab sis kuj yog cov lus polysyllabic rau kev xeem.

Qee lub sij hawm tus me nyuam hais cov npe ntawm cov duab kom raug, thiab hauv kev hais lus zoo tib yam nws hloov qee lub xov tooj nrog lwm tus. Nws pab txheeb xyuas qhov no los ntawm kev hais tus nplaig-twisters, cov lus sib tham hauv chaw zov me nyuam, qhov chaw kawm suab feem ntau pom, sib tham raws li cov duab kos duab.

Phonemic hearing test

Ntxiv rau kev kuaj xyuas lub suab, cov menyuam muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm cov xov tooj yog sim. Kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau tsom mus rau ob lub suab hauv qab no: "hissing + whistling", "hard + soft", " lag ntseg + sonorous", "r + l". Hauv qhov no, cov haujlwm hauv qab no yog siv:

• repeat lus tawm tsam tom qab tus kws kho hais lus ("ri-li", "uch-uch");
• reproduce a series of 3-4 elements ("f-f-b-b-for");
• ua ib qho kev txav (npaws, dhia) thaum hnovmuab syllable;
• xaiv cov duab uas nws lub npe pib nrog lub suab teev;
• piav lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov suab zoo sib xws (piv txwv li, "varnish-cancer") lossis qhia cov duab zoo.

Kho kom raug suab hauv cov menyuam yaus

Kev hais lus kho mob suav nrog peb theem. Cia peb sau lawv:

1. Npaj theem. Tus me nyuam raug qhia kom paub qhov txawv ntawm pob ntseg ntawm tus tsim phoneme. Cov leeg ntawm daim di ncauj thiab tus nplaig yuav tsum kawm cov kev txav tshiab rau lawv. Rau qhov no, articulatory gymnastics, kev tawm dag zog rau kev tsim cov huab cua raug raug siv. Tus menyuam tau koom nrog rau pem hauv ntej ntawm daim iav, txhua qhov kev txav mus los yog ua tiav ntawm qhov qeeb qeeb. Yog tias muaj teeb meem tshwm sim, koj tuaj yeem pab tus nplaig ntawm koj txhais tes (piv txwv li, nqa nws los yog dov rau hauv lub raj). Cov niam txiv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm qhov haujlwm no los ntawm kev sab laj tus kws kho mob hais lus lossis nyeem phau ntawv cuam tshuam.
2. Staging suab. Ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau tus kws kho mob hais lus uas paub txog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb. Nws yuav qhia tus menyuam kawm ntawv preschool nyob rau hauv txoj kev ua si kom hais lub suab uas yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv kev sib cais ntawm lwm tus.
3. Automation ntawm phoneme hauv kev hais lus. Txhawm rau kom lub suab tau hais tau zoo, nws yuav tsum tau rov ua ntau zaus. Ua ntej, tus menyuam hais nws hauv cov lus ntawm ntau hom, tom qab ntawd hauv cov lus, thiab ntau txoj haujlwm tau ua tiav. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem txav mus rau kab lus, paj huam luv luv thiab tus nplaig twisters. Lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj suab uas tus me nyuam tseem tsis tau paub yuav hais li cas. Nyob rau theem kawg, rov hais dua cov dab neeg luv luv yog siv, piav qhia cov duab kos duab.

Qee zaum cov me nyuam, tau kawm hais lub suab, tawv tawv nws nrog lwm tus. Hauv qhov no, kev ua haujlwm tab tom ua kom sib txawv ntawm lawv. Cov menyuam yaus raug caw kom pom qhov sib txawv ntawm kev hais lus thaum hais txhua lub suab. Tom qab ntawd phonemes tau ua haujlwm tawm hauv cov suab, cov lus zoo sib xws, thiab, thaum kawg, hauv tus nplaig twisters.

Kev koom tes hauv chav kawm

Kev kawm ntawm lub suab hais hauv cov menyuam yaus tsis yog txheej txheem ceev. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais tias ib tug distortion ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm phonemes yog ices. Koj yuav tsum tau muab lawv maj mam, pib nrog lub lightest. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, suab yuav tsum tsis txhob xyaum, thaum lub sij hawm hais lus ntawm lub cev ntawm kev hais lus nyob rau hauv lub opposite txoj hauj lwm. Piv txwv li, "nrog" yuav tsum muaj tus nplaig dav nrog lub zawj hauv nruab nrab. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso ua ke nrog lub suab "l", uas yuav tsum tau nqaim tus nplaig kom hais.

Cov chav kawm nrog tus kws kho mob hais lus yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo, 2-3 zaug hauv ib lub lis piam. Txhawm rau nyiam cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschoolers, cov khoom ua si, duab, board games (lotto, dominoes) tau siv dav. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub suab nrov yuav tsum txuas ntxiv tom tsev. Tus kws kho hais lus feem ntau muab cov niam txiv ua homework. Feem ntau, qhov no yog ib qho nyuaj ntawm articulatory gymnastics, uas yog pom zoo kom ua txhua hnub. Txhawm rau tsim cov lus ua pa kom raug, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los hu nkauj, tshuab cov ntawv tawm ntawm tus nplaig, tshuab npuas.

Kev txhim kho ntawm kev hais lus muaj nuj nqi yog inextricably txuas nrog tsim cov kev txawj tsav tsheb zoo. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj teeb meem nrog lub suab hais lus, paub txog cov ntiv tes ua si. Sim sculpt txhua hnubkos, txiav tawm daim ntawv, ua cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub los ntawm cov hlaws dai, sib sau ua mosaics lossis cov neeg tsim khoom.

Suab suab hauv cov menyuam yaus preschool yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo mloog. Tom qab tag nrho, cov kev tsis txaus uas tau coj los ntawm cov menyuam yaus thaum ntxov yog tom qab kho nrog nyuaj heev. Yuav ceeb toom rau lawv, cov niam txiv yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas lawv cov lus, hais txhua lub suab kom meej thiab tsis txhob ncua sijhawm mus ntsib kws kho mob yog tias tus menyuam muaj cov tsos mob ceeb toom.