"ACT-HIB" (cov tshuaj tiv thaiv): cov lus qhia rau kev siv. Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob

2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:34

Hnub no, ib qho kev hem thawj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov menyuam yaus yog Haemophilus influenzae (HIB). Nws loj hlob sai heev thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim loj tshaj plaws, txawm tias tuag. Yog li ntawd, tsis ntev los no hauv peb lub tebchaws, cov menyuam yaus thiab qee tus neeg laus tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob - "ACT-HIB" (cov tshuaj tiv thaiv). Russia suav nrog nws hauv nws daim ntawv txhaj tshuaj tsuas yog xyoo 2011.

Haemophilus influenzae yog dab tsi?

Cov kab mob uas ua rau muaj kab mob hemophilic hu ua Haemophilus influenzae, lossis Afanasiev-Pfeiffer bacillus. Muaj 6 ntau yam ntawm no wand, tab sis hom b wand yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws. Nws ua rau mob hnyav heev thiab muaj teeb meem ntxiv. Kwv yees li ntawm 85% ntawm cov neeg laus thiab 35-40% ntawm cov menyuam yaus yog cov neeg nqa khoom ntawm Haemophilus influenzae. Tus lejloj heev, tab sis qhov no tsis yog xav tsis thoob, vim hais tias hemophilic kab mob belongs rau qeb ntawm cov kab mob, yog li nws muaj nyob rau hauv lub cev nyob rau hauv ib tug me me npaum li cas yog xam tau tias yog tus qauv.

Feem pua ntawm cov neeg muaj tus kab mob Hib ntau tshaj yog pom nyob rau hauv kindergartens, kwv yees li 5%. Tus kab mob no kis tau los ntawm huab cua, yog li qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob hauv cov chaw pej xeem yog qhov siab heev. Nyob rau hauv kindergarten, tus kab mob no kis tau los ntawm tsev neeg: tais diav, phuam da dej thiab cov khoom ua si. Qhov hnyav ntawm tus kab mob nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. Nrog rau kev sib tsoo me me, ib tus neeg tsuas yog ib tus neeg nqa khoom xwb, nrog kev ntaus loj, tus kab mob pib tsim. Thiab txawm hais tias nqa tus kab mob mus tsis tau pom, qhov me ntsis ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog yuav ua rau nws tus kheej tam sim ntawd xav tias yog tus kab mob loj heev.

Hemophilus influenzae feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov menyuam yaus ntawm rau lub hlis mus txog 5 xyoos. Lub hnub nyoog txaus ntshai tshaj plaws rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob no yog los ntawm 6 mus rau 12 lub hlis, yog li cov tshuaj "ACT-HIB" (cov tshuaj tiv thaiv) yog qhov tsim nyog tshwj xeeb rau lub sijhawm no.

Vim li cas Haemophilus influenzae txaus ntshai?

"ACT-HIB" (cov tshuaj tiv thaiv) tau pom zoo los ntawm cov kws kho mob vim li cas, vim tias kev kis kab mob nrog lub cev tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj, xws li:

• meningitis - nws ua rau lub hlwb puas tsuaj loj, tus neeg tuag ntawm tus kab mob no siab piv rau lwm tus, nws yog 15%;
• epiglottitis - tus kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau asphyxia, uas yog, ua tsis taus pa;
• mob ntsws - tus kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm Haemophilus influenzae yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev mob hnyav tshwj xeeb thiab feem pua ntawm kev tuag ntau;
• sepsis - txawm hais tias nws tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj, nws muaj qhov tshwm sim hnyav;
• bronchitis - tsis txaus ntshai li mob ntsws, tab sis fraught nrog kev hloov mus rau ib daim ntawv ntev;
• otitis media - thaum mob hnyav, nws cuam tshuam nrog kev lag ntseg ib nrab.

Qhov no tsis yog hais txog qhov tseeb tias tus kab mob Hib ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob ua pa thiab mob caj dab. Lub insidiousness ntawm hemophilic kab mob nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias thawj cov tsos mob nyob rau hauv feem ntau tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb rau cov niam txiv. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim, raws li txoj cai, dhau los ua pom tau pom thaum muaj teeb meem tshwm sim. Wand hom b tshwj xeeb yog tiv taus cov tshuaj tua kab mob, yog li nws ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem hauv kev kho kab mob Haemophilus influenzae (HIB). Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tau lees tias tus menyuam yuav tsis mob, tab sis nws yuav pab txo tus mob.

Tshuaj tiv thaiv

"ACT-HIB" (cov tshuaj tiv thaiv) yog tsim los ntawm Fabkis lub tuam txhab "Sanofi Pasteur". Nws tau sau npe hauv tebchaws Russia xyoo 1997; txog rau xyoo 2010, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Hib tau muab los ntawm kev yeem. Tsuas yog thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 2010, vim muaj qhov tshwm sim siab, nws tau raug cai suav nrog hauv daim ntawv txhaj tshuaj.

"ACT-HIB" yog tshuaj tiv thaiv, tshuaj xyuas uas tsis sib haum xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws raug pom zoo rau cov niam txiv uas muaj menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 5 xyoos. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov menyuam mos uas muaj feem xyuam nrog cov hauv qab nopawg pheej hmoo:

• cov me nyuam ntxov ntxov;
• cov me nyuam uas pub lub raj mis;
• cov menyuam yaus tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas;
• menyuam mos uas muaj mob ntev uas tiv thaiv lawv lub cev los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua;
• cov menyuam yaus mus kawm cov tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem.

"ACT-HIB" (cov tshuaj tiv thaiv) yog txhaj tsis yog rau cov menyuam yaus xwb, tab sis kuj rau cov neeg laus muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob.

tshuaj tiv thaiv ua haujlwm li cas?

Cov tshuaj hemophilic tau tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo txuas nrog tetanus toxoid protein molecule. Nws tsis muaj cov kab mob Haemophilus influenzae hom b thiab yog li tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob. Kev sib xyaw cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov protein tau daws ntau yam teeb meem ib zaug:

• Cov menyuam yaus tsim muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob;
• nws tuaj yeem txo qhov reactogenicity ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hemophilic piv rau nws cov neeg sib tw, thiab muaj ob qho ntxiv - cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Hiberix thiab Pentaxim, tau dhau los ua kev sim tshuaj ntau dua, cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo dua li qhov txaus siab. Nws tau pom tias kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam nyob rau 4 xyoo. Lub sijhawm no yog qhov txaus txaus, vim tias nyob rau xyoo thib tsib ntawm lub neej, tus menyuam pib tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv Hib.

hom tshuaj tiv thaiv no tsis yog tsuas yog tiv thaiv tus kheej los ntawm kev kis kab mob xwb, tab sis kuj tseem txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias nyob rau hauv preschoolcov koom haum nrog kev pab los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, qhov tshwm sim raug txo los ntawm 40 mus rau 3.

sijhawm txhaj tshuaj

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv "ACT-HIB", cov lus qhia uas paub txhua tus kws kho mob, tau muab rau cov menyuam mos txij li hnub nyoog ob hlis. Yog tias qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv thawj zaug tau ua tiav hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm tus menyuam lub neej, lub tswv yim zoo li no:

• thawj zaug - txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau hnub teem;
• thib ob - txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv dua tom qab 30-45 hnub;
• thib peb - txhaj tshuaj zaum kawg tau muab ib xyoos tom qab thawj zaug.

Yog tias thawj qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau xa tawm hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo, cov tswv yim hloov raws li, uas yog, ib theem raug tshem tawm ntawm nws thiab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog 1 lub hlis. Yog tias txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tom qab ib xyoos, ces 1 txhaj tshuaj txaus.

"ACT-HIB" yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov lus qhia uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov tshuaj noj nruj me ntsis. Kev txhaj tshuaj yog muab intramuscularly lossis subcutaneously. Cov menyuam mos uas muaj hnub nyoog qis dua 2 xyoos raug txhaj rau hauv ntej ntawm tus ncej puab, cov menyuam loj - rau hauv xub pwg, lossis ntau dua, rau hauv cov leeg deltoid.

Ntse thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg

Hauv tebchaws Russia, ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws thiab yooj yim tshaj plaws yog tshuaj tiv thaiv ACT-HIB. Cov lus qhia, kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov kws kho mob txawv teb chaws thiab Lavxias teb sab hais tias cov tshuaj no raug tso cai sib xyaw rau hauv ib lub koob txhaj tshuaj nrog rau lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, piv txwv li, nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv DTP. Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj no suav nrog cov nuances hauv qab no:

• yuav luag tsis muaj kev phiv, yog lithiab tso cai rau cov me nyuam yug los;
• yog kev pab zoo hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo;
• tuav kev tiv thaiv kom ntev;
• qhia kev ua tau zoo tiv thaiv hom b wand.

tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hemophilic tau zoo vim nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas muaj zog heev. Nov yog:

• sucrose;
• sodium chloride;
• kho dej rau txhaj;
• trometamol;
• cov khoom ntawm polysaccharide thiab tetanus protein.

Qhov kev sib xyaw no tso cai rau koj tswj hwm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom zoo txawm tias cov menyuam yaus tsawg tshaj plaws.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub cev rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab muaj teeb meem tshwm sim

"ACT-HIB" yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo heev. Hauv yuav luag txhua qhov xwm txheej, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob teb tau txaus rau kev txhaj tshuaj, tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis txaus. Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog tsim nyob rau hauv 14 hnub tom qab kev tswj hwm. Ntau tshaj 90% ntawm cov neeg txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nws nyob rau tib theem li 4 txog 5 xyoos.

Feem ntau, kev siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis ua rau muaj kev phiv, qee zaum, liab, o lossis tuab ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj yuav raug soj ntsuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev txhaj tshuaj yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv qab no:

• edema;
• tawv nqaij khaus;
• rash;
• ntua;
• txoj kev ntxhov siab thiab quaj ntev;
• nce lub cev kub;
• urticaria;

xav

Raws li txoj cai, cov tsos mob no tau pom thaum ob qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib xyaw. Nws dhau mus yam tsis muaj kab tsis muaj kev kho mob thaum nruab hnub. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias kev qhia txog tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm lub sijhawm ua pa ntawm cov menyuam mos. Qhov no muaj tseeb tshwj xeeb rau cov menyuam yug ntxov ntxov ua ntej lub lim tiam 28.

Npaj txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv

Yuav kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem, yuav tsum tau npaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob Haemophilus influenzae, zoo li lwm yam, yuav tsum tau npaj. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum muaj kev sib tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob lossis tus kws kho mob thiab qhia meej tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog txog cov khoom thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj. Ob peb hnub ua ntej yuav txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv raws li nram no:

• mus kuaj tag nrho nrog tus kws kho mob;
• kom koj tus menyuam kom deb ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cov neeg mob;
• yog tus me nyuam pub niam mis, niam yuav tsum tsis txhob qhia zaub mov tshiab rau hauv nws txoj kev noj haus - qhov no yog fraught nrog ntau yam kev tsis haum tshuaj.

Txhua tus neeg lub cev tawm tsam kev txhaj tshuaj sib txawv. Txhawm rau txo lossis zam qhov tshwm sim tsis tau xav txog, nws raug pom zoo:

• tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, nyob hauv kev saib xyuas kev kho mob ib nrab teev;
• taug kev txhua hnub, tab sis tsuas yog hauv thaj chaw uas tsis muaj neeg coob coob, qhov no tsuas yog txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob;
• thawj peb hnub koj tuaj yeem da dej tus menyuam hauv da dej tsis pub dhau 3 feeb;
• tsis txhob muab cov zaub mov tshiab rau hauv tus menyuam mos lossis niam noj.

tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob Hemophilus influenzaua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj rau ib tus neeg, yog li ntawd, txhawm rau tiv thaiv, koj yuav tsum noj tshuaj xws li Suprastin lossis Zodak (raws li kev pom zoo los ntawm kws kho mob).

YContraindications

Raws li cov lus qhia, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog contraindicated:

• cov neeg uas muaj tus neeg intolerance rau cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj;
• Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev tsis haum rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no lossis lwm yam kev txhaj tshuaj;
• Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev fab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus toxoid.

Rau tag nrho cov assimilation ntawm cov tshuaj, lub cev yuav tsum noj qab nyob zoo.

Daim ntawv tso tawm thiab khaws cia ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv

Lub vial nrog cov tshuaj thiab cov koob txhaj tshuaj nrog cov tshuaj rau kev txhaj tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntim thermal. Kev yuav cov tshuaj no yog txwv rau cov chaw kho mob.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ampoules khaws cia hauv lub tub yees, qhov kub zoo tshaj yog 2-8 degrees Celsius. Yog tias cov tshuaj khaws cia ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, nws poob feem ntau ntawm nws cov khoom siv. Lub sijhawm siv tshuaj tiv thaiv yog 3 xyoos, tom qab ntawd nws tau muab pov tseg.