2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:45
Hnub no tsis tuaj yeem xav txog lub ntiaj teb uas tsis muaj ntaub ntawv xov xwm. Khoos phis tawj thiab lwm yam thev naus laus zis tau dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub neej, pab tsis tau tsuas yog ua kom yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub, tab sis kuj tseem ua rau kev tshawb fawb mus tom ntej. Tias yog vim li cas Informatics Day tau coj nws qhov chaw muaj cai hauv cov hnub so haujlwm.
"Computer Science" yog dab tsi?
Yog tias peb tham txog Hnub Xov Xwm, peb yuav tsum paub tias nws yog dab tsi. Lub sij hawm "computer science" yog coined los ntawm German Karl Steinbuch. Nws tau tsim los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ob lo lus uas piav txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj kev tshawb fawb - "cov ntaub ntawv" thiab "automation".
Txog rau nruab nrab ntawm ib puas xyoo dhau los hauv cov teb chaws Europe tsis muaj ib lub npe rau kev tshawb fawb uas kawm ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv thiab tshuab computer. "Computer Science", "Management Science", "Fundamentals of Scientific Information", txawm tias "Informology" thiab "Datalogy" yog txhua yam tshwj xeeb lossis cov khoom siv hauv computer science, piav qhia txog ib lossis ntau qhov ntawm nws thaj chaw.
Nyob rau hauv Russia, lo lus "informatics" muaj ob peb lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv ntau xyoo. Ua ntej, nws yog kev sau, khaws cia thiab txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov thib ob, kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev siv computers, uas kawm txog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshwm sim hauv zej zog, xwm txheej thiab thev naus laus zis.
Prehistory of computer science
Xav txog qhov ua ntej keeb kwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm, peb tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntau theem ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob. Thawj thiab thoob ntiaj teb txoj kev xa xov mus rau ib leeg yog kev hais lus. Qhov no tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev tshwm sim ntawm computer science. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev sib kis ntawm qhov ncauj tau dhau los ua qhov tsis zoo thiab muaj kev vam meej ntawm tib neeg. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev sau ntawv ib nrab tshem tawm qhov teeb meem no, tso cai rau cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia hauv ntau qhov loj thiab xa mus rau qhov ntev uas siv mail.
Kev pib luam ntawv yog qhov tseem ceeb tshiab hauv kev txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis. Cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no tuaj yeem khaws cia thiab rov ua dua tshiab ntawm kev lag luam. Thaum kawg, kev hloov pauv ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis ua rau nws muaj peev xwm xa cov ntaub ntawv siv xov tooj, xov tooj, TV, thiab xov tooj cua. Cov duab thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab tau pab khaws cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov ncauj thiab sau ntawv xwb, tab sis kuj tseem siv rau hauv daim ntawv pom. Tsis tas li ntawd, tam sim no nws tseem tuaj yeem khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov xov xwm sib nqus.
Kev tsim kho ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb
Qhov tseeb, hnub ntawm kev qhia xov xwm tuaj yeem ua kev zoo siab nrog rau hnub pom ntawm lub computer thawj zaug, vim tias tsis muaj computer technology, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raws li kev tshawb fawb yuav ua tsis tau.
muaj ibcov cuab yeej ntawm cov khoos phis tawj niaj hnub, uas tso cai rau koj los ua cov ntaub ntawv thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv universal. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias lub computer ua cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug binary code, tsis hais lub hom, version los yog xyoo ntawm nws tso tawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis muaj teeb meem hauv daim ntawv twg cov ntaub ntawv yuav raug tso tawm: ntawv nyeem, lej, video, suab - tag nrho cov no tau muab faib rau hauv lub khoos phis tawj mus rau xoom thiab ib qho, thiab tom qab ntawd sib sau ua ke dua.
Tam sim no computer science raws li kev tshawb fawb sib txuas ntau yam kev qhuab qhia sib txawv: los ntawm cybernetics thiab programming mus rau cov ntaub ntawv kev ruaj ntseg, kev ua lej ua qauv. Yog vim li cas Informatics Day nyob rau hauv Russia tuaj yeem ua kev zoo siab tsis yog los ntawm cov kws qhia computer science nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov thawj tswj hwm, programmers thiab tus accountants.
Hnub yug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm hauv tebchaws Russia
Vim li cas lub Kaum Ob Hlis 4, Hnub Xov Xwm, ua kev zoo siab hauv Russia? Nws tag nrho pib thaum xyoo 1940s, thaum ntau cov ntawv tshaj tawm mob siab rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob hauv computer pib tshwm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm txawv teb chaws. Academician I. S. Brook tau mob siab rau lub ntsiab lus no thiab txiav txim siab koom nrog hauv kev sib tham rau nws.
Ua ke nrog B. I. Rameev (thaum lub sij hawm nws yog ib tug engineer thiab nws junior pab), Brook tsim ib tug tsis siv neeg tshuab digital. Nws tshwm sim thaum Lub Yim Hli 1948. Twb tau nyob rau lub kaum hli ntuj ntawm tib lub xyoo, cov kws tshawb fawb tau npaj ib qhov project los npaj ib lub chaw kuaj mob tshwj xeeb raws li lub hauv paus ntawm Academy of Sciences, uas yuav tsim thiab tsim ib lub computer digital. Ob peb hlis tom qab ntawd, I. S. Brook thiab B. I. Rameev tau sau npe ua tus neeg tsim khoom ntawm thawj lub khoos phis tawj Soviet. Nrog qhov nodaim ntawv, tshaj tawm rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 4, 1948, pib kev txhim kho computer technology nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union. Txij thaum ntawd los, nws tau txiav txim siab tias Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 4 yog Hnub Xov Xwm hauv Russia.
Hnub Xov Xwm Ntiaj Teb ua kev zoo siab hauv Russia li cas?
Kev lig kev cai, ib xyoos ib zaug, Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 4, Hnub Qhia Xov Xwm hauv Russia tau ua kev zoo siab hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv. Ntawm zaj lus qhia, ib qho kev txiav txim siab rau hnub so hu ua "World Code Teev" yog tuav. Qhov no yog ua kom cov menyuam kawm ntawv coob li ntau tau xav paub txog computer science, information technology, ntxiv rau kom muaj koob meej ntawm IT field.
Tswj, Hnub Xov Xwm tsis suav tias yog hnub so, zoo li lwm hnub tshaj lij. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua tus neeg uas nws txoj haujlwm txawm tias me ntsis txuas nrog qhov kev tshawb fawb tseeb no tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog nws hnub so.
Zoo siab rau hnub Informatics
Yog tias daim ntawv qhia hnub yog Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 4, Hnub Xov Xwm, koj yuav tsum ua kev zoo siab rau cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov phooj ywg lossis cov txheeb ze uas koom nrog qhov kev tshawb fawb no. Tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis pom zoo uas ua rau koj lub chaw ua haujlwm ua haujlwm: cov no yog cov thawj tswj hwm, programmers, thiab cov kws tshaj lij kev txhawb nqa xwb. Tom qab tag nrho, yog tias koj tsis tshua pom lawv, nws txhais tau tias cov neeg no ua haujlwm zoo heev thiab lub chaw ua haujlwm zoo li kev ua haujlwm moos.
Zoo, yog tias nws tshwm sim tias koj tus kheej ua haujlwm hauv IT, nco ntsoov ua kev zoo siab rau tag nrho koj cov npoj yaig, vim tias lawv tau txuas nrog computer science. Thiab yuav ua li cas nws nyob ntawm koj lub tswv yim.
Pom zoo:
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