Kev kawm paub txog kev kawm yog qhov tsim nyog ntawm kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov menyuam yaus

2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:45

Tam sim no, kev coj cwj pwm ntawm cov menyuam yaus nyob rau theem qis, yog li nws yuav tsum tau tsim thiab txhawb nqa txhua txoj hauv kev. Lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov no yog lub hnub nyoog ntxov. Kev kawm paub txog kev xav yuav tsum pib txij thawj lub hlis ntawm lub neej. Txhua tus paub tias cov menyuam yaus nqus cov ntaub ntawv muab rau lawv sai dua, piv txwv li, cov menyuam loj. Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom pib ua haujlwm nrog menyuam yaus kom sai li sai tau, yog li ntawd yav tom ntej nws yuav yooj yim rau lawv hloov mus rau hauv zej zog. Niaj hnub no, raws li ib feem ntawm peb tsab xov xwm, peb yuav saib seb qhov kev kawm sensory yog dab tsi, yog vim li cas nws thiaj li tsim nyog, thiab kuj nrhiav kom paub yuav ua li cas siv nws kom raug.

Vim li cas koj yuav tsum ua rau cov menyuam yaus

Kev kawm paub yog tus yuam sij rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb ntawm tus menyuam. Lub hauv paus no yuav tsim nyog rau nws yav tom ntej kom ua tiav kev hloov pauv hauv lub tsev kawm tiav. Yog tias tus menyuam tsis pom cov khoom txaus, nws yuav nyuaj rau kev sau ntawv thiab ua ntau yam khoom hauv kev ua haujlwm.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev paub txog kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus hauv preschoolhnub nyoog suav:

• tsim cov xwm txheej zoo rau kev loj hlob tag nrho ntawm tus menyuam;
• txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm qhov kev hnov lus thiab lub siab xav ib puag ncig hauv cov menyuam yaus los ntawm kev paub txog lub ntiaj teb, xim thiab ntxoov ntxoo, nrog rau qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm ntau yam khoom;
• xaiv cov kev ua si zoo, kev tawm dag zog, chav kawm rau kev txhim kho dav dav;
• koom nrog txiv thiab niam hauv txoj kev txhim kho;
• ua kom cov phau ntawv piav qhia;
• tsim lub kaum sensorimotor hauv pawg kev kawm preschool;
• kos ib daim npav qhia txog kev kawm ua si.

Kev npaj

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam yog ncaj qha nyob ntawm seb lub chav ua si uas tus menyuam nyob yog li cas. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm niam thiab txiv yog muab qhov chaw yooj yim, xis nyob thiab nyab xeeb hauv tsev uas tus me nyuam yuav hnov zoo thiab tiv thaiv. Tus me nyuam yuav tsum muaj nws lub ces kaum hauv chav, ua kom muaj kev ua si sab nraum zoov thiab so zoo. Nrog kev pab ntawm cov niam txiv, cov dej num xws li:

• rov ntxiv cov pab pawg nrog kev ua si thiab cov ntaub ntawv hnov;
• tau txais cov txheej txheem ntxiv rau kev sim hauv dej thiab xuab zeb, ntim ntawm ntau yam duab, cov cuab yeej rau kev hloov cov kua dej;
• tau txais cov ntawv ntxig nrog cov ntawv, teeb tsa lub cev muaj zog, kev kawm ua si;
• hloov kho lub kaum suab paj nruag nrog cov khoom ua si uas ua suab sib txawv;
• yuav khoom siv yas ruaj ntseg;
• productionboard thiab didactic games.

Pib kev tsim kho kev puas siab ntsws

Thaum paub txog cov menyuam yaus uas muaj ntau yam kev kawm, cov chav kawm tau siv ob qho tib si hauv ib pab pawg thiab ib tus zuj zus, kev ua si tau tuav kom paub txog cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev kawm thoob ntiaj teb. Txhawm rau txhim kho kev paub lub cev muaj zog, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los qhia cov menyuam yaus txog cov khoom thiab cov xwm txheej xws li:

• xim;
• config;
• size;
• quantity;
• qhov chaw nyob hauv ib puag ncig.

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua kom tiav cov hauj lwm tsom rau kev qhia cov me nyuam txoj kev xaav ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv feem ntau, lawv assimilation ntawm sensory qauv, xws li lub geometric duab system, loj scale, xim spectrum, spatial thiab temporal orientations, lub phonetic system. ntawm cov lus, uas yog heev complex thiab lengthy txheej txheem. Yuav kom paub txog txhua yam khoom, tus menyuam yuav tsum tau kov nws txhais tes, nyem, mob stroke, yob.

Qhia me nyuam rau yam khoom

Thaum lub sijhawm qhia menyuam txog qhov tseem ceeb thiab sib sau ua ke kev paub txog lawv, cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem hauv qab no yog siv:

• muab ntau yam khoom thaum lub sijhawm ua si los ntawm kev thov rau ib leeg;
• siv cov khoom ua si tshwj xeeb tsim hauv daim ntawv pyramids, zes menyuam roj hmab, ntxig thiab lwm yam.

Lub sijhawm cov kev ua si no, uas yog tsom rau kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm tactile, cov menyuam yaus kawm lob, pinch thiab hnov. Daim ntawv thovpob rau zaws muab tau zoo zoo nkauj.

Cov chav kawm rau kev txhim kho cov haujlwm tactile

Lub cev ntawm qhov kov yog cov ntiv tes ntawm tes, thiab lub zog tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev txhim kho qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lawv cov receptors. Ua li no, siv ntau hom kev ua ub no uas pab txhawb kev txhim kho ntawm tactile thiab lub cev muaj zog ua haujlwm. Cov haujlwm no yog:

• sculpting;
• application;
• applique modeling;
• tsim los ntawm daim ntawv thiab tus tsim qauv;
• dawb;
• sorting me me;
• tsim cov duab los ntawm cov khoom ntawm ntau yam.

Ib lub lim tiam, koj tuaj yeem ua cov chav kawm tsom rau kev xyaum ua kom muaj zog los txhim kho tactile rhiab heev thiab kev sib koom tes sib koom tes. Txhim kho kev nkag siab zoo tam sim no yog lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho txhua qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg niaj hnub ua haujlwm.

Txoj haujlwm txhawm rau txhim kho tus menyuam qhov kev paub lub cev muaj zog

Yuav kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws, cov kws tshaj lij tau ua haujlwm ntau heev. Txhawm rau txhim kho kev nkag siab zoo, cov haujlwm hauv qab no tau teeb tsa:

• xaiv cov khoom siv rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus preschool;
• kuaj pom qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kev hnov qab hauv cov menyuam mos.

Sensory kev kawm yog lub peev xwm los taug kev hauv kev xyaum hauv ntau yam, xws li kev teeb tsa thiab qhov loj me, nqus cov xim ntawm cov khoom, tsimkhoom tiav. Tag nrho cov no yog mastered maj mam. Ib qho teeb meem loj rau kev ua tiav lub hom phiaj no yog thaum ntxov. Kev kawm paub txog kev xav yuav tsum tau npaj thiab koom tes nrog kev cob qhia tseem ceeb kom cov haujlwm no tsis hloov mus ua haujlwm ntxiv. Ntawd yog, kev ua tiav ntawm kev ua tiav rau kev paub txog qhov loj me, cov duab thiab xim ntawm cov khoom yog ua tau tsuas yog tias muaj qee qhov kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev ntawm tus menyuam.

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev hnov lus, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua los ntawm kev txav ntawm tes thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm rau kev tso khoom. Cov kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tus menyuam yaus ua si nrog mosaics, kos nrog cov xim, thiab sculpts los ntawm plasticine. Kev sib piv ntawm kev hnov lus thiab kev txawj tsav tsheb yog suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb ntawm tus menyuam. Kev sib cais yuav tsum muaj kev tshuaj xyuas zoo ntawm kev cob qhia.

Kev kawm paub yog kev ua si thiab kev tawm dag zog, suav nrog cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua tus menyuam. Cov chav kawm yuav tsum pib nrog cov dej num uas muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm niam txiv thiab tus menyuam. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, tus neeg laus tuaj yeem hloov nws qhov chaw: nyob ze rau tus menyuam, zaum ntawm nws. Txhua qhov kev txav mus los ntawm tus menyuam yuav tsum tau hais thiab hais.

Sensory kev kawm thaum yau yog ib theem tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm tus me nyuam uas cuam tshuam:

• ua haujlwm tsis pom kev, kov, hnov, hnov tsw;
• ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev muaj zog thiabkev ua si stimulation;
• tshem tawm cov leeg nqaij thiab lub hlwb kev ntxhov siab, uas ua tiav hauv lub xeev so thiab xis nyob ntawm kev noj qab haus huv;
• tsim kom muaj lub siab zoo-kev xav thiab ua kom tus menyuam muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm;
• ua kom cov txheej txheem xws li kev xav, kev xav, kev xav thiab kev nco;
• tsav tsheb rau kev tswj hwm tus kheej thiab kev sim ua haujlwm.

Sensors hauv qhov tsawg tshaj plaws

Kev kawm paub rau cov menyuam yaus yog cov txheej txheem tsim los ua kom muaj kev txaus siab rau cov khoom ua si, qee yam kev pabcuam kev txawj ntse, uas yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ntoo. Cov no tuaj yeem ua zes menyuam roj hmab ntawm qhov loj thiab me me, pyramids, ntxig lub voos xwmfab, cov laug cam nrog qhov ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg los yog duab, nrog rau cov tabs, rooj nrog mosaics, thiab lwm yam. Tshwj xeeb, cov khoom ua si ua los ntawm ntoo yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev tsim cov kev txawj ntse hauv cov menyuam yaus, vim tias lawv muaj kev ntxhib los mos zoo, ruaj khov thaum tswj thiab ua qhov yooj yim txav nrog lawv.

Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub qhov kev xav kom raug? Kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus nyob ntawm lawv ib puag ncig. Txhua yam nyob ib puag ncig tus menyuam cuam tshuam:

• ua haujlwm tsis pom kev, kov, hnov;
• ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev muaj zog thiab txhawb kev txav mus los;
• kua ntawm cov leeg nqaij thiab lub hlwb kev ntxhov siab, uas ua tiav thaum cov txiv neej tau so thiab xis nyob;
• formationzoo psycho-kev xav tom qab thiab ua kom tus menyuam muaj peev xwm ua hauj lwm;
• ua kom cov txheej txheem xws li kev xav, kev xav, kev xav thiab kev nco;
• nce kev txhawb siab rau kev tswj hwm tus kheej thiab kev sim ua haujlwm ntawm cov txiv neej.

Kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam mos

Vim li cas kev kawm txuj ci tseem ceeb heev? Los ntawm thawj lub hlis ntawm lub neej, cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog preschool pom ib puag ncig nrog kev pab ntawm tsw thiab kov. Vim li no, txij thaum yug mus txog rau lub hlis thib plaub, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tsom xyuas tshwj xeeb rau cov kev hnov lus no.

Qhov pib ntawm kev tsim ntawm qhov pom ntawm tus menyuam mos yog thaum ntxov. Kev kawm paub txog kev paub txog rau lub hlis suav nrog kev tawm dag zog uas qhia lub cev muaj zog ntawm tus menyuam. Rau lub hom phiaj no, muaj cov txheej txheem yooj yim tshaj plaws, tab sis tseem ceeb tshaj:

• Kov - kev sib cuag lub cev tsis tu ncua nrog niam, pw tsaug zog nrog nws, nteg tawm cov pob zeb ntawm ntau qhov chaw uas tsis ua rau muaj kev fab tshuaj, kev tawm dag zog ntiv tes uas tuaj yeem pib ntxov li peb lub hlis, nqa tus menyuam hauv nws txhais tes, da dej ua ke ntawm niam thiab txiv.
• Smell - tus me nyuam yuav tsum paub qhov tsw ntawm nws niam lub cev, vim li no, ib tug poj niam tsis tas yuav siv tshuaj tsw qab thaum lub sij hawm ze lub cev nrog tus me nyuam. Thaum kawg ntawm rau lub hlis, cov me nyuam yuav tsum tau tso cai rau cov mos mos thiab qab ntxiag tsw.
• Kev pom - tsis txhob coj koj tus kheej lub ntsej muag los ze rau tus menyuam, kom nws tsis txhob strabismus. Tsim nyogqhia cov khoom dawb, dub thiab dawb los ntawm lub hnub nyoog ob lub hlis, ua kom pom cov khoom ua si ntau xim thiab ci, pab kawm koj tus kheej xav txog hauv daim iav, saib cov toj roob hauv pes sab nraum qhov rais, tham, mloog suab paj nruag thiab ntau ntxiv.
• Saj zoo - tom qab qhia thawj cov khoom noj ntxiv, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los faib cov ntawv qhia zaub mov.

Tam sim no, tseem tsis tau muaj kev paub txog kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus los ntawm kev ua si. Nws zoo li kev ua qauv qhia, kev kawm thiab kev soj ntsuam. Kev nkag siab ntawm lub ntiaj teb los ntawm kev ua si pib txij thaum muaj hnub nyoog ib xyoos.

Kev loj hlob ntawm ib xyoos mus rau peb xyoos

Sensory kev kawm ntawm cov me nyuam preschool yog ib lub hom phiaj txhim kho ntawm txhua txoj kev xaav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhua yam tshwm sim ntawm qhov nrawm heev thiab mob siab rau. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob no yog suav tias yog kev kawm. Nws aims nyiam ntau yam khoom muaj yeeb yuj. Thaum lub hnub nyoog no, kev paub txog kev xav yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus los ntawm kev ua si yog suav tias yog ib qho kev ua ntxiv, txawm tias nws yog qhov tseem ceeb. Ib tug txawv feature ntawm lub sij hawm no yog hais tias tus me nyuam lub sensory system loj hlob sai heev. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab cov khoom zoo li no rau menyuam yaus: lub pyramid, lub sorter, ib qho ntxig thav duab, lub hnab khawv koob rau kev nco cov ntawv.

Tus menyuam yuav tsum nyob rau lub sijhawm no:

• Kawm yuav ua li cas tshem tawm thiab muab cov nplhaib sib txawv ntawm tus pas nrig;
• tawm ntawm hnab ris thiab muab cov khoom uas muajvariable size;
• tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov plaub hau, muag muag, du thiab ntxhib;
• paub cov duab geometric xws li square, voj voog, lub voos xwmfab thiab pob;
• kom paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov saj ntawm cov zaub mov yooj yim thiab muab qhov nyiam rau tus kheej thaum muaj hnub nyoog peb xyoos;
• dance to the music.

Kev taw qhia rau cov khoom nyob rau theem no ntawm lub neej yog suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb, vim tias nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhim kho tus cwj pwm thiab lub hlwb ntawm tus menyuam.

Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 4 txog 6 xyoos

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog muab rau kev paub txog kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool, vim tias lub sijhawm no yuav tsum muaj kev pabcuam hauv kev npaj rau theem tshiab ntawm lub neej - kev kawm. Tam sim no cov kev ua si uas suav tias yog qhov kev lom zem tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tau los ua ntej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus menyuam tsis yog tsuas yog paub cov khoom ua si yooj yim xwb, tab sis koom nrog hauv kev ua si ua si. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov menyuam yaus nyiam ua haujlwm zoo li no. Didactic games ntawm kev kawm paub txog kev hnov lus yog tsom ncaj qha rau kev ua kom cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem hloov kho tau yooj yim rau cov kev xav tau.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tus menyuam qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kev hnov qab hauv cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool

Yog li, peb txuas ntxiv xav txog kev kawm paub txog lub hnub nyoog. Preschoolers yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tsim ib lub tswv yim ntawm cov cuab yeej sab nraud ntawm ib qho khoom, paub qhov txawv ntawm nws cov duab, xim, qhov loj, txoj hauj lwm hauv qhov chaw, tsis hnov tsw, saj, thiab ntau ntxiv. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau underestimate lub ntsiab lus ntawm sensory kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no. Cov txuj ci zoo li no tsim lub hauv paus ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb tag nrho ntawm tus menyuam. Los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm kev xaav ntawm cov khoom thiab phenomena nyob ib ncig ntawm pibkev paub. Tag nrho lwm yam ntawm nws, xws li kev nco, kev xav thiab kev xav, yog tsim los ntawm kev xaav. Vim li no, kev loj hlob ntawm kev txawj ntse yog tsis yooj yim sua yam tsis muaj kev nkag siab tag nrho.

Nyob rau hauv kindergartens, cov me nyuam raug qhia kos duab, kos duab, tsim, paub txog tej yam tshwm sim, ua si kev kawm paub. Cov tub ntxhais kawm yav tom ntej pib kawm cov hauv paus ntawm kev ua lej thiab qauv sau ntawv. Tau txais kev paub thiab kev txawj ntse hauv cov cheeb tsam no yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas ntau yam khoom ntawm cov khoom. Kev kawm paub txog kev xav yog ib txoj haujlwm ntev thiab nyuaj. Nws tsis txwv rau qee lub hnub nyoog thiab nws muaj keeb kwm. Kev paub txog kev xav ntawm cov menyuam yaus txij thaum yau yog cov txheej txheem uas pab kom pom tseeb qee yam khoom hauv qhov chaw.

Summarizing the results

• Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej, tus me nyuam yog enriched nrog impressions, uas yog, saib txav cov khoom ua si zoo nkauj, uas yog xaiv precisely rau xws li thaum ntxov muaj hnub nyoog. Kev paub txog kev xav yog tias tus menyuam mos, tuav cov khoom ntawm ntau qhov kev teeb tsa thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg, kawm paub pom lawv kom raug.
• Thaum muaj 2-3 xyoos, cov menyuam yaus twb tau sim nws tus kheej kom pom cov xim, cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm cov khoom, sau cov tswv yim txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov ntxoov ntxoo thiab kev teeb tsa. Tsis tas li ntawd lub hnub nyoog no tau ua si ua si ntawm cov menyuam yaus ntawm kev kawm paub txog kev hnov qab.
• Los ntawm 4 mus rau 6 xyoo, cov menyuam yaus tsim cov qauv kev xav. Lawv twb muaj kev nkag siab txog cov xim, cov duab geometric thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom.ntawm lawv tus kheej loj.

Koom nrog koj cov menyuam, thiab lawv yuav zoo siab rau koj nrog lawv txoj kev vam meej yav tom ntej!