2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:57
Txhua lub sijhawm teem sijhawm nrog tus kws kho menyuam yaus hauv thawj 12 lub hlis ntawm tus menyuam lub neej xaus nrog qhov yuav tsum ntsuas qhov siab thiab qhov hnyav. Yog tias cov ntsuas no nyob rau hauv qhov ib txwm muaj, ces nws tuaj yeem sib cav tias tus menyuam tau tsim muaj lub cev zoo. Txog qhov kawg no, Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb, lossis WHO luv luv, tau sau cov hnub nyoog ntawm cov qauv ntawm qhov siab thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov menyuam yaus, uas yog siv los ntawm cov kws kho mob thaum ntsuas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov menyuam mos.
Yam uas cuam tshuam rau qhov siab thiab qhov hnyav ntawm menyuam yaus. WHO cov lus qhia
Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb tab tom kawm txog yam uas cuam tshuam rau qhov siab thiab qhov hnyav ntawm tib neeg. Raws li kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau xaus lus tias qhov ntsuas qhov hnyav thiab qhov siab ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua tsib xyoos yog nyob ntawm tsis yog ntawm caj ces predisposition, tab sis kuj nyob ntawm lub neej zoo, huab cua, thiab hom kev pub mis hauv thawj ob xyoos. lub neej. Yog li, cov menyuam yaus uas tau txais cov mis nyuj khov ua lawv cov zaub mov tseem ceeb nce qhov hnyav ntau duapub niam mis.
Tom qab soj ntsuam thawj WHO cov lus "qhov siab, qhov hnyav ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos", suav nrog ntau dua 20 xyoo dhau los, cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias cov qauv ntsuas ntsuas tau dhau los ntawm 16-20%. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim qhov tseeb tias nyob rau xyoo 1990s kev pub mis nyuj yog hom khoom noj khoom haus tshaj plaws rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos. Niaj hnub no, ntau tus niam txiv nyiam pub lawv cov crumbs nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev ntuj. Inflated standard, raws li WHO cov kws tshaj lij, pab txhawb rau cov lus pom zoo tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kws kho mob rau kev pub mis ntxiv rau cov menyuam mos, uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv mus rau kev pub mis, nrog rau kev pub mis ntau dhau thiab, vim li ntawd, kev rog rog. Raws li WHO, cov qauv rau kev ntsuas qhov siab ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab lawv qhov hnyav tsis muaj tseeb lawm. Yog li ntawd, xyoo 2006, tau hloov kho thiab tsim cov rooj tshiab uas zoo heev rau kev ntsuam xyuas kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam niaj hnub no.
Nyhav thiab qhov siab ntawm cov menyuam yaus. WHO Chart (0-12 lub hlis)
WHO lub rooj yog suav tias yog "kev ncaj ncees" tshaj plaws vim qhov tseeb tias txhua qhov ntsuas hauv nws tau ntsuas raws li "nruab nrab", "low" / "siab", "qis nruab nrab" / "siab dua nruab nrab". Ua tsaug rau qhov gradation no, nws yooj yim los txiav txim seb tus menyuam puas ua tau raws li cov qauv kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev raws li nws lub hnub nyoog.
| Hnub nyoog (hli) | qis heev | qis | qis nruab nrab | Medium | Above nruab nrab | High |
| Ntxhais yug (0 txog 3months) | 48-56 | 49-57 | 50-58 | 53-62 | 54-64 | 55-67 |
| 4 mus rau 6 lub hlis | 58-63 | 59-64 | 61-65 | 65-70 | 67-71 | 68-72 |
| 7 rau 9 lub hlis | 65-68 | 66-69 | 67-70 | 71-74 | 73-75 | 73-77 |
| 10 txog 12 lub hlis | 69-71 | 70-72 | 71-74 | 76-78 | 77-80 | 79-81 |
Lub rooj qhov siab thiab qhov hnyav ntawm tus menyuam mus txog ib xyoos, raws li WHO, yog qhov zoo rau kev ntsuas kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas tau pub mis niam thiab mis pub mis. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias txhua tus menyuam yaus txawv txawv thiab txhim kho raws li nws txoj kev npaj sab hauv. Yog li, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nruab nrab tsis tuaj yeem suav tias yog pathology. Ntxiv rau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas qhov siab thiab qhov hnyav, qhov kev ntsuas ntawm "tus qauv" yuav tsum suav nrog lawv qhov piv, nrog rau kev nce txhua hli thiab kev ua neej nyob.
siab rau qhov hnyav piv
Tam sim tom qab yug me nyuam, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ntsuas qhov hnyav thiab qhov siab ntawm cov menyuam yaus. WHO lub rooj yog qhov tseem ceeb rau tus kws kho mob menyuam yaus thaum ua qhov kev kuaj thawj zaug ntawm qib kev loj hlob. Ntxiv rau qhov siab thiab qhov hnyav, qhov ncig ntawm lub hauv siab thiab lub taub hau yog ntsuas. Hauv lwm lo lus, kws kho mob ntsuas qhov sib npaug ntawm tus menyuam lub cev thiab, yog li ntawd, nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Piv txwv li, ib tug me nyuam mos nyhav txog ob thiab ib nrab kilograms, thaum nws qhov siab yog 54 cm. Tus me nyuam no muaj ib tug hais tsis tau zoo. Yog tias koj tsis ua raws sijhawmkuaj thiab tsis sau tshuaj kho kom raug, ces tus menyuam mos yuav tuag.
Yog tias koj ntsuas qhov hnyav thiab qhov siab ntawm cov menyuam yaus, WHO lub rooj pab ntsuas lub xeev kev noj qab haus huv. Thaum qhov hnyav ntawm tus me nyuam mos nyob rau hauv qhov "nruab nrab" ntau ntawm lub rooj, piv txwv li, 3220 grams, thiab qhov siab yog 53 cm, uas yog kwv yees li qhov nruab nrab parameter nyob rau hauv lub rooj, ces qhov piv ntawm no zoo tagnrho.
nce qhov siab
Thawj rau lub hlis ntawm tus menyuam yog suav tias yog lub sijhawm loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev loj hlob. Tus menyuam loj hlob hauv dhia. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias, piv txwv li, nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, thaum tus me nyuam tau txais cov vitamin D qhov xav tau, qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kev loj hlob yuav ntau dua thaum lub caij ntuj no. Kuj tseem muaj lus qhia tias me nyuam loj hlob sai thaum pw tsaug zog.
Rau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas dav dav ntawm kev loj hlob, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov hnyav nce. Raws li qhov no, nws yog ib qho kev cai los muab cov ntsuas hauv qab no rau tus qauv:
- Lub sijhawm menyuam mos (thawj peb lub hlis) yog nce 3-4 centimeters rau qhov siab dhau los. Piv txwv li, yog tias tus menyuam yug los 50 cm, tom qab peb lub hlis nws qhov siab yuav yog li 53 cm.
- Txij peb hlis mus rau rau lub hlis: qhov nruab nrab nce nws txawv ntawm 2-3 cm.
- Los ntawm rau lub hlis mus rau cuaj lub hlis, tus menyuam loj hlob ntxiv 4-6 cm, ntxiv qhov nruab nrab ntawm ib mus rau ob centimeters ib hlis.
- Nyob rau lub xyoo tus me nyuam nce siab ntxiv 3 cm.
Nws hloov tawm tias hauv 12 lub hlis tus menyuam nce nws qhov siab li 20 centimeters.
Nyhav nce
NormaQhov hnyav ntawm tus menyuam mos (tam sim ntawd tom qab yug menyuam tas) yog li ntawm 2500-4500 grams. Raws li WHO, txhua lub hlis tus menyuam yuav tsum ntxiv yam tsawg kawg 400 grams. Yog li, los ntawm rau lub hlis, tus me nyuam ob npaug nws qhov hnyav qub. Hauv lub hlis tom ntej, qhov nce ntxiv yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 150 grams. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum ntsuas tus nqi ntawm qhov hnyav nce, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim kom muaj lub cev hnyav ntawm tus menyuam. Piv txwv li, qhov nce yuav qis dua tus qauv, yog tias tus menyuam yug los loj (tshaj li 4 kg), lossis rov ua dua, vim tias cov me nyuam mos tau hnyav dua nyob rau lub hlis tom ntej.
Qhov siab thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov tub
Ntxiv rau cov xwm txheej uas tau piav qhia saum toj no, tag nrho cov uas pab txiav txim siab txog tus qauv, nws tsim nyog xav txog poj niam txiv neej, uas cuam tshuam rau qhov hnyav thiab qhov siab ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Lub rooj WHO tuaj yeem tso saib qhov siab thiab qhov hnyav nruab nrab rau cov menyuam yaus sib txawv, nrog rau cov cim tshwj xeeb rau cov tub thiab ntxhais. Nws ntseeg tau tias cov tub hluas, tsis zoo li cov ntxhais, loj hlob sai dua thiab hnyav dua, yog li nws tsim nyog ntsuas lawv lub cev kev loj hlob raws li lub rooj sib tham.
| hnub nyoog | Nyhav, kg (g) | siab, cm |
| Lub hli | 3, 5 (± 450) | 50 (± 1) |
| 1 month | 4, 3 (± 640) | 54 (± 2) |
| 2 lub hlis | 5, 2 (± 760) | 57 (± 2) |
| 3 months | 6, 1 (± 725) | 61 (± 2) |
| 4ib. | 6, 8 (± 745) | 63 (± 2) |
| 5 lub hlis | 7, 6 (± 800) | 66 (± 1) |
| 6 hli | 8, 7 (± 780) | 67 (± 2) |
| 7 hli | 8, 7 (± 110) | 69 (± 2) |
| 8 months | 9, 4 (± 980) | 71 (± 2) |
| 9 hli | 9,8 (±1,1) | 72 (± 2) |
| 10 months | 10,3 (±1,2) | 73 (± 2) |
| 11 hli | 10, 4 (± 980) | 74 (± 2) |
| 12 lub hlis | 10, 4 (± 1, 2) | 75 (± 2) |
| 18 lub hlis | 11, 8 (± 1, 1) | 81 (± 3) |
| 21 lub hlis | 12, 6 (± 1, 4) | 84 (± 2) |
| 24 lub hlis | 13 (±1, 2) | 88 (± 3) |
| 30 hli | 13,9 (±1,1) | 81 (± 3) |
| 3 xyoos | 15 (± 1, 6) | 95 (± 3) |
| 4 xyoos | 18 (± 2, 1) | 102 (± 4) |
| 5 xyoos | 20 (± 3, 02) | 110 (± 5) |
| 6 xyoo | 21 (± 3, 2) | 115 (± 5) |
| 8 xyoo | 27, 7 (± 4, 7) | 129 (± 5) |
| 9 xyoo | 30, 4 (± 5, 8) | 134 (± 6) |
| 10 xyoo | 33,7 (±5,2) | 140 (± 5) |
| 11 xyoos | 35, 4 (± 6, 6) | 143 (± 5) |
| 12 xyoos | 41 (±7, 4) | 150 (± 6) |
| 13 xyoos | 45, 8 (± 8, 2) | 156 (± 8) |
Qhov siab thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntxhais
Hais piav qhia txog qib ntawm lub cev ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntxhais, muaj cais WHO lub rooj "qhov hnyav, qhov siab ntawm cov ntxhais". Nws ntseeg hais tias cov ntxhais loj hlob nyob rau nruab nrab mus txog rau thaum muaj hnub nyoog 18 xyoo, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau cov tub hluas, nws txoj kev loj hlob tsis sawv mus txog rau thaum muaj hnub nyoog 22 xyoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 10-12 xyoos, cov ntxhais loj hlob sai dua cov tub. Qhov siab thiab qhov hnyav ntawm lub rooj yog qhov nruab nrab. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv kev ntsuam xyuas kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntxhais, ib tug yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog ib tug neeg yam ntxwv.
| hnub nyoog | Nyhav, kg (g) | siab, cm |
| 0 months | 3, 2 (± 440) | 49 (± 1) |
| 1 month | 4, 1 (± 544) | 53 (± 2) |
| 2 lub hlis | 5 (± 560) | 56 (± 2) |
| 3 months | 6 (± 580) | 60 (± 2) |
| 4 months | 6, 5 (± 795) | 62 (± 2) |
| 5 lub hlis | 7, 3 (± 960) | 63 (± 2) |
| 6 hli | 7, 9 (± 925) | 66, (± 2) |
| 7 hli | 8, 2 (± 950) | 67 (± 2) |
| 8 months | 8,2 (±1,1) | 69 (± 2) |
| 9 hli | 9, 1 (± 1, 1) | 70 (± 2) |
| 10 months | 9,3 (±1,3) | 72 (± 2) |
| 11 hli | 9, 8 (± 800) | 73 (± 2) |
| 12 lub hlis | 10, 2 (± 1, 1) | 74 (± 2) |
| 18 lub hlis | 11,3 (±1,1) | 80 (± 2) |
| 21 lub hlis | 12,2 (±1,3) | 83 (± 3) |
| 24 lub hlis | 12, 6 (± 1, 7) | 86 (± 3) |
| 30 hli | 13, 8 (± 1, 6) | 91 (± 4) |
| 3 xyoos | 14, 8 (± 1, 5) | 97 (± 3) |
| 4 xyoos | 16 (± 2, 3) | 100 (± 5) |
| 5 xyoos | 18, 4 (± 2, 4) | 109 (± 4) |
| 6 xyoo | 21, 3 (± 3, 1) | 115 (± 4) |
| 8 xyoo | 27, 4 (± 4, 9) | 129 (± 5) |
| 9 xyoo | 31 (± 5, 9) | 136 (± 6) |
| 10 xyoo | 34, 2 (± 6, 4) | 140 (± 6) |
| 11 xyoos | 37, 4 (± 7, 1) | 144 (± 7) |
| 12 xyoos | 44 (±7, 4) | 152 (± 7) |
| 13 xyoos | 48, 7 (± 9, 1) | 156 (± 6) |
Cov tub qhov siab thiab qhov hnyav
Nws tseem ceeb heev rau cov niam txiv kom taug qab lawv tus menyuam qhov hnyav thiab qhov siab. WHO cov lus thiab daim ntawv qhia yuav pab niam thiab txiv kev hlub nkag siab yog tias txhua yam nyob hauv lawv tus menyuam. Yog hais tias lub rooj muab cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb uas yog tus qauv rau ib lub hnub nyoog, ces daim duab pab kom pom kev pom tag nrho cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob.
Cov kab kos hauv qab no yog raws li qhov hnyav thiab qhov siab rau cov tub (daim duab xiav) thiab cov ntxhais (daim duab liab qab) txij thaum yug mus txog 5 xyoos. Qhov ntsuas ntawm sab laug qhia qhov hnyav lossis, nyob ntawm daim duab, qhov siab ntawm tus menyuam. Hauv qabhnub nyoog yog qhia. Cov kab ntsuab, nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm daim duab thiab cim nrog tus lej 0, suav tias yog qhov ntsuas ntawm tus qauv thiab sib raug rau qhov ntsuas "nruab nrab" hauv lub rooj. Cov kab ntawm daim duab, dhau los ntawm cov lej -2 thiab -3, sib npaug rau cov ntawv qhia "hauv qab nruab nrab" thiab "qis". Yog li ntawd, kab 2 thiab 3 yog sib npaug rau qhov tsis "sab saum toj nruab nrab" thiab "siab".
Cov tub yuag daim ntawv qhia (hauv qab 5)
Daim Ntawv Qhia Kev Loj Hlob (mus txog 5 xyoos)
Qhov siab thiab qhov hnyav rau cov ntxhais
Cov ntxhais yuav tsum siv daim ntawv qhia qhov siab thiab qhov hnyav. Cov duab hauv qab no piav qhia txog tus qauv rau cov ntxhais hnub nyoog qis dua 5.
Daim ntawv qhia tus ntxhais hnyav (hauv qab 5)
daim ntawv loj hlob rau cov ntxhais (txog 5 xyoos)
Raws li koj tau nkag siab lawm, cov niam txiv yuav tsum ntsuas qhov hnyav thiab qhov siab ntawm cov menyuam. WHO cov lus nyob rau hauv lo lus nug no yuav pab txiav txim seb qhov ntsuas tau txais yog tus qauv. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis txhob chim siab yog tias koj pom tias qhov siab lossis, tej zaum, qhov hnyav ntawm koj tus menyuam yog luv lossis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, siab. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias koj tus menyuam qhov hnyav yuav tsum sib haum rau nws qhov siab, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, cov ntsuas yuav tsum tsis txhob qis qis lossis siab.
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