Keeb Kwm ntawm Maslenitsa hauv Russia

2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:51

Maslenitsa yog ib qho ntawm ob peb hnub so nrog keeb kwm ntawm ntau txhiab xyoo, uas tseem ua kev zoo siab los ntawm Russians niaj hnub no. Muaj tseeb tiag, ntawm kaum ob ntawm cov kev cai tsim tawm rau kev pom lub caij ntuj no nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov ua ntej ntawm Great Lent, peb cov neeg kawm paub feem ntau 5-6. Ntxiv mus, ntau tus tsis paub yog vim li cas thiab thaum Maslenitsa tshwm nyob rau hauv Russia. Cov keeb kwm ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov hnub caiv kuj tseem nthuav rau cov menyuam yaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam los ntawm kev lom zem ua si thiab kev lom zem, nrog rau cov khoom noj qab haus huv. Piv txwv li, nws nyuaj rau nrhiav tus menyuam uas tsis nyiam pancakes thiab pancakes!

Pagan Holidays

Cov kab ke ntawm kev sib ntsib caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab pom lub caij ntuj no muaj nyob ntawm ntau cov neeg nyob hauv lub sijhawm tsis ntseeg. Hauv particular, cov Slavs los ntawm lub sij hawm immemorial ua kev zoo siab rau hnub ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav solstice. Kuj tseem muaj lwm txoj kev xav tias keeb kwm ntawm Maslenitsa rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm thaum muaj kev ntseeg ntawm tus vajtswv Veles, uas yog tus neeg dawb huv ntawm cov neeg ntseeg.nyuj yug thiab ua liaj ua teb. Nws hnub so poob rau Lub Ob Hlis 24, raws li tus qauv tshiab, thiab ua ntej lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub xyoo tshiab, uas mus txog rau xyoo 1492 pib thaum Lub Peb Hlis.

Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias keeb kwm ntawm Maslenitsa hnub rov qab mus rau qub txeeg qub teg. Tseeb, hnub so zoo ib yam li Slavic farewell rau lub caij ntuj no muaj nyob rau hauv ancient Rome. Tom qab kev saws me nyuam ntawm kev ntseeg los ntawm Emperor Constantine thiab nyob rau hauv 1-2 centuries tom ntej, lo lus nug ntawm eradicating paganism yog mob rau lub tsev teev ntuj. Txog rau qhov kawg no, ntau hnub so ntawm kev ntseeg tshiab tau hloov mus rau cov hnub sib xws rau cov hnub uas nws tau ua raws li kev cai los qhuas cov vajtswv Roman thaum ub. Tshwj xeeb, thaj tsam ntawm Great Lent tau hloov pauv me ntsis, thiab kev cai dab qhuas tau pib ua es tsis txhob Bacchanalia thiab Saturnalia. Los ntawm txoj kev, tsis muaj coob tus neeg paub tias Fabkis lo lus "carnival" yog txhais ua "goodbye meat" thiab yog consonant nrog lub thib ob qub lub npe ntawm Lavxias teb sab Maslenitsa - Myasopustu. Thawj zaug, carnivals nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub kev xav nyob rau hauv feem ntau European lub zos pib tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 9th. Los ntawm lub sijhawm no, lub tsev teev ntuj tau ntxiv dag zog rau nws txoj haujlwm, thiab cov txiv plig tsis tshua mob siab rau tawm tsam cov seem ntawm cov pagan yav dhau los, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li thawj ib nrab ntawm lub limtiam hnub so tau nrog ntau yam kev cai dab qhuas.

Keeb Kwm ntawm Maslenitsa kev ua koob tsheej hauv tebchaws Russia: keeb kwm

Raws li koj paub, kev ntseeg Vajtswv tau los rau peb los ntawm Byzantine Empire, uas yog tus txais los ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ntawm Ancient Greece. Raws nraimYog li ntawd, keeb kwm ntawm Maslenitsa nyob rau hauv Russia yog ib tug sib tov ntawm Slavic rituals nrog Orthodox kab lig kev cai ntawm pej xeem festivals nyob rau hauv lub ua ntej ntawm Great Lent. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lem, sawv raws li ib tug continuation ntawm processions nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus vajtswv Dionysius.

Shrovetide thiab qiv

Qee lub sij hawm tib neeg nyiam ua qhov zoo rau yav dhau los thiab tsis nco qab tias Russia mus txog rau xyoo pua 18th yog lub teb chaws ua liaj ua teb, uas feem ntau ntawm cov pej xeem yog cov neeg ua liaj ua teb. Lawv txoj kev vam meej ncaj qha nyob ntawm huab cua, yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub xyoo lean, ntau tus yuav tsum tau ntsib nrog cov xwm txheej xws li kev tshaib kev nqhis. Yog li, noj mov zoo siab rau ntau tus yog ib qho ntawm ob peb qhov kev lom zem muaj, yog li txhua hnub so tau hloov mus ua koob tsheej. Cov lus hauv qab no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom tseeb thaum keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Shrovetide raug txiav txim siab. Tshwj xeeb, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias Great Lent, ntxiv rau kev cai dab qhuas overtones, muaj lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Tom qab tag nrho, thaum kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj no thiab thaum pib ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tau khiav tawm ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus, thiab kev txwv tsis pub nruj tau tso cai rau lawv "tawm" mus txog rau thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum nceb thiab zaub ntsuab tshwm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thaum pib ntawm Lub Ob Hlis, lub calving ntawm nyuj pib, yog li ntawd muaj ntau cov mis nyuj, los ntawm uas butter thiab cheese tau ua. Thaum qiv, lawv tau sau rau yav tom ntej siv, yog li tom qab Easter, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tau muab cov khoom noj uas muaj calorie ntau ntau, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev thaum lub caij sowing. Ua ntej muab zaub mov zoo rau lub sijhawm ntev, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm cov chav kawm tau muaj kev lom zem thiab ua rau muaj kev lom zem. Thiab yuav ua li cas keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm Maslenitsa tau tsim nyob ntawm qhov saj thiab nyiam ntawm cov huab tais thiab vaj.

Kev ua koob tsheej nyob rau hauv Peter lub Great

Nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, ib co European kab lig kev cai nkag mus rau Russia. Tshwj xeeb, xyoo 1722, thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog ntev nrog Sweden, Emperor Peter the Great tau caw cov neeg sawv cev txawv teb chaws los koom nrog kev ua koob tsheej ntawm cov roj. Txhawm rau ua rau cov teb chaws Europe xav tsis thoob, qhov kev pom tsis tau pom dua tau teem tseg: tsar caij los ntawm cov daus ntawm lub nkoj uas muaj kaum rau nees, thiab tom qab nws lub gondola "floated" nrog Empress Catherine hnav khaub ncaws ua ib tug poj niam yooj yim. Thiab qhov ntawd tsis yog tag nrho! Cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe tau ua raws li lwm lub nkoj, siv los ntawm ntau yam tsiaj, uas nqa cov courtiers. Tag nrho cov no tau nrog cov suab paj nruag nrov thiab teeb pom kev zoo thiab ua rau muaj kev xav tsis thoob rau cov neeg tuaj saib.

Kev ua koob tsheej ntawm Maslenitsa hauv qab Catherine II

Keeb kwm ntawm Maslenitsa kuj muaj ntau nplooj ntawv nthuav dav ntsig txog lub npe ntawm Catherine II. Hauv particular, nws tau qhia txog kev cai ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem masquerade nyob rau hauv Moscow, qhov chaw uas nws tsiv mus nrog tag nrho lub tsev hais plaub thaum kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj no. Thawj thawj zaug, cov neeg nyob hauv nroog thiab cov qhua tuaj txawv teb chaws tuaj yeem qhuas txog qhov zoo li no nyob rau hnub ntawm kev ua koob tsheej ntawm Empress. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 4,000 tus neeg thiab 200 lub tsheb ciav hlau tau koom nrog hauv kev ua yeeb yam.

Tam sim no tseem muaj ib zaj dab neeg ntawm kev ua koob tsheej ntawm Maslenitsa yos rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev kav ntawm Catherine II: nyob rau lub sijhawm yug ntawm nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv Alexander, Empress tau teem caij ua koob tsheej ntawm qhov tsis tau pom dua. Tshwj xeeb, nws paub tias cov courtiers, uas tau los ua yeej hauv kev ua si,pib tom qab noj hmo, muab khoom plig muaj nuj nqis. Nyob rau ib hmos xwb, tus Empress tau muab 150 daim ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, uas Maslenitsa xyoo 1777 tau hu ua Pob Zeb Diamond.

kev lig kev cai

Keeb kwm ntawm Maslenitsa tau khaws cia rau peb cov lus piav qhia ntawm kev ua koob tsheej tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, peb cov poj koob yawm txwv muaj lub lim tiam Shrovetide tau teem sijhawm los ntawm hnub, thiab txhua tus muaj lub npe tshwj xeeb:

"kev sib ntsib" - Monday;

"Flirty" - Tuesday;

"Gourmet" - Wednesday;

"Wide-Thursday" - Thursday;

"Niam tais lub tog" - Friday;

"kwv tij sib sau ua ke" - Saturday;

"hnub zam txim" - Sunday.

Kev ua ub no xws li cov dej khov nab kuab thiab caij sleigh, kev ua koob tsheej tshiab, kev sib tw ntawm mummers, fisticuffs thiab pab pawg kev sib tw tau nrov. Piv txwv li, cov neeg koom hauv kev ua si tau muab faib ua ob pawg thiab sib ntaus sib tua los yog npaj rau kev ntes ntawm lub nroog snowy. Thiab, tau kawg, Maslenitsa yog qhov xav tsis thoob yam tsis tau hlawv ib qho effigy, uas zoo li txawv nyob rau hauv txawv cheeb tsam.

Tshuaj

Raws li twb tau hais lawm, Maslenitsa yog lub sijhawm kawg kom noj tau zoo ua ntej Lub Rau Hli ntev. Cov kev kho mob ib txwm muaj xws li cov khoom siv mis nyuj (qaub cream, tsev cheese, cheese) thiab qe, nrog rau txhua yam khoom siv hmoov nplej, xws li syrniki, pancakes, txuj lom, ncuav qab zib thiab txhuam ntoo. Raws li dej qab zib, npias yog nyiam.

Shrovetide hnub so: ib zaj dab neeg rau menyuam yaus

Txhawm rau khaws cov kab lis kev cai ntawm cov neeg Lavxias, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum qhia cov menyuam yaus rau lawvkab lis kev cai txij thaum ntxov. Qhov no kuj siv rau Shrovetide. Tom qab tag nrho, hnub so no yog ib qho ntawm ob peb uas tau los rau peb yuav luag tsis hloov. Cov kws qhia ntawv raug qhia kom pib qhia cov menyuam yaus rau Maslenitsa nrog ib zaj dab neeg uas ib zaug dhau los, peb cov poj koob yawm txwv, nkees ntawm lub caij ntuj no ntev, txiav txim siab los npaj kev lom zem farewell rau nws. Thiab dab tsi lom zem yam tsis muaj menyuam yaus ua si thiab lom zem?! Yog li ntawd, kev sib tw comic tau tsim, cov neeg tuaj koom tuaj yeem pom tias lawv yog leej twg yog tus tshaj plaws thiab txawj ntse tshaj.

Dhau li ntawm, yog tias koj xav npaj hnub so "Shrovetide: zaj dab neeg rau cov menyuam yaus" hauv kindergarten, koj yuav tsum kawm ntau yam kev tso dag thiab tso dag nrog cov menyuam yaus. Txawm hais tias lawv tau tsim ntau pua xyoo dhau los, niaj hnub no lawv yog cov cuab yeej zoo los qhia cov menyuam yaus rau lawv cov kab lis kev cai hauv tebchaws.

Tam sim no koj paub yuav ua li cas Maslenitsa tau ua kev zoo siab hauv tebchaws Russia. Cov keeb kwm ntawm hnub so yog tag nrho ntawm qhov tseeb nthuav uas yuav muaj kev txaus siab rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus.