Cov thyroid caj pas thiab cev xeeb tub: cov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj hormones thaum cev xeeb tub, cov qauv thiab kev sib txawv, txoj hauv kev kho mob, kev tiv thaiv

2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:57

Kev xeeb tub yog ib lub sijhawm zoo siab tshaj plaws hauv lub neej ntawm txhua tus poj niam, tab sis tsis yog txhua yam mus raws li peb xav tau. Thaum nqa tus menyuam, tus poj niam lub cev tau hloov pauv loj, tshwj xeeb, hauv cov thyroid caj pas.

Qhov no hloov cov qauv ntawm lub cev thiab qhov piv ntawm cov tshuaj hormones tsim. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum paub seb qhov kev hloov pauv hauv cov thyroid caj pas thiab cev xeeb tub puas sib haum, thiab koj yuav ua li cas tiv taus thiab yug tus menyuam noj qab nyob zoo.

Kev npaj cev xeeb tub rau cov teeb meem thyroid

Kev muaj peev xwm ntawm kev xav yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam sib txawv uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account. Lub xeev ntawm cov thyroid caj pas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev npaj cev xeeb tub. Kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev ua tiav ntawm kev puberty, ua rau kev coj khaub ncaws tsis zoo thiab ua rau muaj menyuam tsis taus lossis nchuav menyuam.

UHauv cov poj niam, thyroid pathologies muaj ntau dua li cov txiv neej, yog li thaum npaj cev xeeb tub, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias tsis muaj kab mob. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws txaus los ua kev kuaj mob hauv chav kuaj, uas yog, kuaj ntshav rau cov tshuaj hormones.

Kev cev xeeb tub tom qab phais

Kev xeeb tub tom qab tshem tawm cov thyroid caj pas tsuas yog ob xyoos tom qab ua haujlwm. Lub sijhawm no, muaj kev kho kom rov zoo thiab rov ua kom zoo li qub hormonal tshuav.

Ib tug poj niam uas muaj cov thyroid caj pas tshem tawm yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj hormones tag nrho nws lub neej. Hauv qhov no, kev npaj cev xeeb tub yuav tsum tau nrog kev sab laj nrog tus kws endocrinologist. Tus kws kho mob yuav soj ntsuam tus poj niam mus txog thaum yug.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias thaum tsis muaj cov thyroid caj pas, cov lus nug ntawm kev txiav cev xeeb tub yuav ntau dua ib zaug dhau los ua lus nug.

Tshuaj mob tom qab cev xeeb tub

Drowsiness, puas siab puas ntsws tsis xis nyob thiab tsis muaj zog ntawm tus poj niam tom qab yug me nyuam feem ntau yog vim muaj kev nyuaj siab tom qab yug me nyuam. Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho cov kev ua txhaum cai no tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim qhov ua haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias feem ntau tom qab cev xeeb tub, cov thyroid caj pas pib ua haujlwm ntau dua, thiab tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los, thyroiditis tshwm sim.

Thaum lub sijhawm nqa tus menyuam, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog kom tus menyuam hauv plab tuaj yeem kho tau ib txwm. Tom qab yug me nyuam, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tau rov qab los thiab feem ntau txawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntse heev. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tsim nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau thiab pib tawm tsam lawv cov hlwb. Ces, ntxiv rauthyroid caj pas, lwm yam kabmob kuj raug kev txom nyem.

Postpartum thyroiditis yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntau dhau. Cov neeg pheej hmoo feem ntau yog cov poj niam uas muaj ntshav qab zib lossis twb muaj keeb kwm ntawm tus kab mob no. Cov thyroiditis tuaj yeem hloov mus ua hyperthyroidism lossis hypothyroidism.

Feem ntau, kev kho cov thyroid tom qab cev xeeb tub tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua. Tus kws kho mob tsuas tuaj yeem sau tshuaj beta-blockers uas normalize lub plawv dhia. Thaum hypothyroidism tshwm sim, cov tshuaj thyroid tau sau tseg uas yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tus menyuam yug tshiab.

Yuav ua li cas cov thyroid cuam tshuam rau kev xeeb tub

Cov tshuaj hormones ntawm lub cev no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, vim lawv tswj hwm txhua yam txheej txheem metabolic, kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwb, cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lub cev. Cov thyroid caj pas thaum cev xeeb tub ua haujlwm nrog ob npaug, vim tias lub cev no koom nrog tib cov txheej txheem hauv fetus. Muab cov tshuaj hormones txaus nyob rau hauv tus poj niam cov ntshav, kev loj hlob ib txwm muaj ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob loj hauv tus menyuam yog ua tau.

Thaum cev xeeb tub, cov thyroid caj pas thiab parenchyma nce qhov loj kom cov tshuaj hormones tsim ntau ntau dua. Txog li 12-17 lub lis piam, cov thyroid fetus pib tsim, tab sis nws tseem me me, yog li tus me nyuam tseem xav tau cov tshuaj hormones niam.

kab mob dab tsi tuaj yeem ua tau

Cov thyroid abnormalities thiab cev xeeb tub yog ze ze. Qee qhov pathologies pib tsim los ntawm kev hloov pauv hormonal uas tshwm sim hauvlub cev, thiab kev puas tsuaj los ntawm lwm yam. Ntawm cov kab mob tseem ceeb ntawm cov thyroid caj pas, cov hauv qab no yuav tsum paub qhov txawv:

• hypothyroidism;
• hyperthyroidism;
• Yeuthyroidism;
• mob thyroiditis;
• malignant qog.

Kev xeeb tub nrog hypothyroidism ntawm cov thyroid caj pas yog qhov nyuaj heev, vim hais tias xws li pathology yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov ntsiab lus iodine tsis txaus hauv lub cev thiab cov tshuaj hormones tom ntej. Ib qho kev mob zoo sib xws qee zaum tshwm sim txawm tias ua ntej cev xeeb tub, vim li ntawd thaum npaj kev xeeb tub, nws yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas kom tiav.

Ntawm cov kev tshwm sim tseem ceeb ntawm lub xeev no, cov hauv qab no yuav tsum tau hais txog:

• qaug zog;
• poob qab los;
• ntxhais plaub hau thiab rau tes;
• hnyav nce;
• ua tsis taus pa;
• puffiness;
• tawv tawv.

Yog tias tag nrho cov cim no tshwm sim, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum kuaj xyuas ntxiv. Yog tias qhov kev kuaj mob tau lees paub, ces nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau mus rau kev kho mob. Txhawm rau them nyiaj rau qhov tsis muaj cov tshuaj hormones, kev kho yuav tsum tau hloov. Nws kuj tseem ua tau thaum lub sij hawm yug me nyuam, vim tias qhov kev ua txhaum cai no ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm nchuav menyuam, yug ntxov ntxov los yog fetal fading.

Kev poob qis hauv cov tshuaj hormones tuaj yeem ua rau lag ntseg, kev puas hlwb thiab strabismus hauv tus menyuam mos.

kab mob thyroid thiab cev xeeb tub muaj feem cuam tshuam zoo heev. Hyperthyroidism feem ntau tshwm sim. Qhov mob no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub cev, txij li qhov pib ntawm cov thyroid hormone ib txwm nce siab thaum cev xeeb tub kom nws tuaj yeem ua rau nws xav tau rau tus menyuam hauv plab. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum, tus kws kho mob pom qhov ua haujlwm ntau dhau ntawm lub cev no ua qhov sib txawv.

Qhov tshwm sim feem ntau ntawm hyperthyroidism yog nodular goiter. Tus kab mob yog nrog los ntawm kev tsim ntawm loj nodular formations. Kom tsis txhob muaj kev phom sij rau tus menyuam tus mob, tus kws kho mob kho cov tshuaj hormones hauv cov ntshav.

Tag nrho lub sijhawm ntawm kev yug menyuam dhau los ntawm kev tswj hwm nruj ntawm tus kws kho mob endocrinologist. Qhov tseeb, tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm. Kev cuam tshuam tsuas yog qhia tau yog tias qhov tsim tau nyem lub trachea, cuam tshuam qhov ua tsis taus pa. Ntawm cov tsos mob tseem ceeb los qhia:

• poob ceeb thawj;
• kub nce;
• insomnia;
• chim siab;
• siab nce;
• muscle qaug zog.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm hyperthyroidism tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij heev lig preeclampsia, fetal anomalies, as well as low birth weight. Yog tias kuaj pom tus kab mob raws sijhawm, qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus menyuam noj qab haus huv tau yug los yog siab heev.

Euthyroidism yog ib qho xwm txheej ciam teb, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov thyroid cov ntaub so ntswg nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug diffuse nce nyob rau hauv cov nodes nyob rau hauv loj nrog ib txwm theem ntawm cov thyroid hormones. Qhov kev cuam tshuam no yog ib ntus. Feem ntau, tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm xws li pathology, txaus ntshaihloov hauv lub cev no.

Ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb los qhia:

• mob caj dab;
• kev pw tsaug zog;
• psycho-emotional overstrain;
• xav zoo li ib pob hauv caj pas;
• nce qhov loj ntawm lub cev cuam tshuam.

Txhim kho qhov ua txhaum cai no, tus kws kho mob tau sau tshuaj iodine. Yog tias kev kho mob tsis tuaj yeem coj cov txiaj ntsig xav tau, thiab kev tsim cov cyst kuj tshwm sim, tom qab ntawd yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev kuaj ntshav biopsy.

Malignant neoplasm tsis suav tias yog qhov qhia meej rau kev rho menyuam. Thaum kuaj pom cov qog, tus kws kho mob tau sau ib qho biopsy. Kev txhaj tshuaj yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb yog tias qhov loj ntawm neoplasm yog ntau tshaj 2 cm, kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua tau nyob rau lub sijhawm thib ob ntawm cev xeeb tub. Yog tias cov qog tau kuaj pom nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 3, ces kev cuam tshuam tsuas yog tom qab yug me nyuam. Kev mob qog noj ntshav sai sai yuav tsum tau phais sai tsis hais lub hnub nyoog gestational.

Tus mob autoimmune thyroiditis tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau ib tus kheej lub hlwb. Hauv qhov no, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob pib maj mam rhuav tshem cov thyroid caj pas. Pathology yog keeb kwm los yog provoked los ntawm noob kev hloov. Xws li kev ua txhaum cai tsis zoo rau lub cev ntawm tus poj niam. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias yam tsis muaj kev kho mob raws sij hawm, xws li kab mob thyroid thiab cev xeeb tub tsis sib haum.

Kev tshwm sim

Thaum cev xeeb tub, cov thyroid caj pas muaj qhov tseem ceeb heevkev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb, thiab txhua yam teeb meem ntawm lub cev no cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus poj niam thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab. Qhov ua rau muaj teeb meem nrog cov thyroid caj pas thaum lub sij hawm yug me nyuam tuaj yeem yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj hormones. Qhov no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog mob thaum cev xeeb tub ntau, vim nws tuaj yeem ua rau hypothyroidism. Qhov ua rau ntawm tus mob no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov tshuaj hormones placental, uas txo qis TSH hauv cov ntshav. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab yuav tsum muaj xws li:

• ntuav ntuav thiab ntuav;
• kab mob trophoblastic;
• early preeclampsia.

Hyperthyroidism thiab nws cov tsos mob tuaj yeem ua rau cov tsos mob ntawm neoplasms hauv cov thyroid caj pas. Lawv xav tau kev saib xyuas zoo los ntawm kws kho mob endocrinologist, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem degenerate mus rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav.

Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb

Yog tias cov haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid caj pas thaum cev xeeb tub nce lossis txo qis, ces tus poj niam muaj qee yam cim.

Ntawm cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm chav kawm ntawm pathology, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau hais txog:

• kev tsis txaus siab;
• pab siab;
• kev xav tsis thoob;
• qaug zog;
• ntsej muag o;
• kua muag;
• kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm plab hnyuv;
• tawm hws ntau dhau.

Nrog tsis muaj cov tshuaj hormones hauv lub cev, tus poj niam muaj teeb meem nrog kev xeeb tub. Feem ntau lawv ua qhov kev kuaj mob tsis txaus ntseeg - infertility.

Diagnostics

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias kev kuaj mob ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov thyroid caj pas thaum lub sijhawmcev xeeb tub muaj nws tus yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb.

Tshwj xeeb, tus kws kho mob tau sau ntawv:

• ntsuas qib tshuaj hormone;
• biopsy;
• kuaj mob ultrasound.

Yuav tsum tau kuaj cov thyroid thaum cev xeeb tub. Lawv pab txiav txim siab qib ntawm cov thyroid hormones thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias thawj 3 lub hlis ntawm kev yug menyuam, tus qauv yog qhov txo qis ntawm TSH thiab nce hauv T4..

Kev kuaj mob ultrasound yog ua tiav rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm nodular formations. Yog hais tias qhov loj ntawm neoplasm ntau tshaj 1 cm, ces tus kws kho mob kuj tau sau ib tug puncture biopsy. Cov txheej txheem radioisotope thiab scintigraphy tsis siv, vim hluav taws xob cuam tshuam rau tus menyuam hauv plab, tsis hais lub hnub nyoog gestational.

Hormons thiab deviations

Yog tias cov thyroid hormones nce siab thaum cev xeeb tub, qhov no suav tias yog tus qauv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau theem pib, vim nws yog leej niam cov tshuaj hormones uas nkag mus rau hauv tus menyuam hauv plab. Qhov xav tau iodine nce ntawm 150 mcg mus rau 250 mcg ib hnub.

Cov qauv ntawm cov thyroid hormones thaum cev xeeb tub hauv txhua lub peb hlis ntuj yog qhov sib txawv, uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum kuaj. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias qib TSH tsis hloov pauv thiab yuav tsum yog 0.2-3.5 μIU / ml. Dawb T4 nyob rau hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg yuav tsum yog 10.3-24.5 nmol / l, thiab nyob rau hauv 2nd thiab 3rd trimester no daim duab yuav tsum nquag yog 8.2-24.7 nmol / l.

Yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsuas no, nco ntsoov mus ntsibendocrinologist, uas, raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb, yuav xaiv txoj kev kho. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov kev ntsuam xyuas tsuas yog raug sau tseg yog tias muaj kev sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev no. Lawv tsis suav nrog hauv daim ntawv teev npe ntawm kev kuaj tus poj niam cev xeeb tub.

Kev kho mob

Yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov thyroid caj pas thaum cev xeeb tub, feem ntau yuav tsum tau kho raws sijhawm. Kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob endocrine muaj qee yam tshwj xeeb, vim nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim hauv lub cev ntawm tus niam lub cev.

nce qib ntawm globulin hauv cov ntshav ua rau nyuaj rau kev kuaj mob ntawm cov tshuaj hormones thiab kev kuaj mob. Qib siab ntawm thyroxin ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau lub cev, uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum kho.

Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm hormonal hloov nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, tus kws endocrinologist yuav sau tshuaj thyroxine hluavtaws. Nrog hyperthyroidism, Propicil raug tshuaj. Cov tshuaj no yog siv nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm toxic diffuse goiter thiab cuam tshuam lub hlwb ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Nws txo cov kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwb txawv txav, thiab tseem tshem tawm cov tsos mob xws li tshee, convulsions, kub hnyiab hauv caj pas, tsis muaj zog thiab ua daus no.

Thaum muaj teeb meem endocrine hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, yuav tsum tau noj tshuaj uas muaj iodine, uas tus kws kho mob xaiv cais hauv txhua kis. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem noj tshuaj lom neeg ntxiv.

Thaum kuaj pom cov kab mob malignant, feem ntau yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuaskev ua haujlwm. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias cov teeb meem ntawm cov thyroid caj pas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem thiab txawm tias yug me nyuam tuag.

Muaj Teeb Meem

Txawm tias kev hloov pauv me me hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj heev thaum cev xeeb tub, yug menyuam thiab lub sijhawm tom qab yug menyuam. Cov thyroid caj pas cuam tshuam rau qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev xeeb tub, nrog rau lub xeev kev xav ntawm tus poj niam.

Ntawm cov teeb meem uas peb yuav tsum tau qhia:

• miscarriage;
• hlab ntshav siab;
• ntshav siab;
• yug ntxov ntxov;
• hnyav uterine los ntshav tom qab yug me nyuam;
• placental abruption.

Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tug poj niam uas muaj kab mob thyroid feem ntau yug me nyuam uas tsis muaj hlwb, nrog rau cov neeg muaj kev loj hlob tsis taus. Ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm fetal freezing.

Tom qab yug me nyuam, tus poj niam yuav muaj kev nyuaj siab ntev. Tus mob no tuaj yeem yog vim tsis muaj iodine hauv lub cev.

prophylaxis

Cov thyroid caj pas thiab cev xeeb tub yog qhov cuam tshuam zoo, uas yog vim li cas nws tseem ceeb heev los tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm pathologies ntawm lub cev. Endocrine pathologies feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov poj niam ntawm lub hnub nyoog yug me nyuam, thiab txhua txhua xyoo lawv tus lej tsuas yog loj hlob. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej kev npaj cev xeeb tub, nws raug nquahu kom ua qhov kev kuaj mob dav dav los txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau lub sijhawm tshawb pom ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm pathology thiabkho.

Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv suav nrog sau tshuaj muaj iodine rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub. Koj yuav tsum coj lawv los ntawm thawj lub lim tiam thiab mus txog rau kev xa khoom. Kev noj tshuaj iodine ntxiv hauv lub cev yuav pab txo qis qhov tshwm sim ntawm goiter thiab normalize hormonal theem.

Kev tiv thaiv, cov poj niam raug qhia kom haus iodized ntsev. Cov ntawv qhia zaub mov tseem yuav suav nrog cov khoom noj uas muaj iodine. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem, ntsim, rog, kib ntawm koj cov khoom noj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tswj tau qhov hnyav ntawm qhov xav tau, txij li qhov pom ntawm qhov hnyav tshaj qhov tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau lub xeev ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Qhov tseem ceeb yog ua raws li tus kws kho mob thiab ua kom tiav tag nrho nws cov kev teem caij.