Kev faib tawm, hom thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov roj teeb

2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:26

Hnub no, cov roj teeb yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau tshaj plaws rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv me me. Qhov xav tau los hloov lawv tshwm sim ntau zaus. Txhawm rau ua qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws thaum yuav lub xov tooj tshiab galvanic, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov loj ntawm cov roj teeb thiab lub npe ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom. Kab lus no yuav teb cov lus nug hauv qab no: daim ntawv twg lub hwj chim no tuaj rau hauv? Dab tsi yog hom roj teeb los ntawm qhov loj? Yuav ua li cas galvanic cell cim thiab koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau dab tsi thaum yuav khoom kom lub hwj chim kav ntev?

hom roj teeb

Roj teeb raug cais raws li cov khoom siv los ntawm lawv cov khoom siv ua haujlwm: anode, cathode thiab electrolyte.

Muaj tsib hom kev siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub no:

• ntsev,
• alkaline,
• mercury,
• nyiaj,
• lithium.

Roj teeb hom raws li qhov loj me yuav teev hauv qab no. Tam sim no cia peb saib ze dua ntawm txhua qhovteev cov chav kawm ntawm galvanic cells.

S alt batteries

Cov roj teeb ntsev tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Lawv hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob manganese-zinc yav dhau los. Qhov ntev ntawm cov roj teeb tsis tau hloov pauv, tab sis kev tsim tshuab ntawm cov galvanic hlwb tau ua txawv. Cov khoom siv ntsev ntsev siv cov tshuaj ammonium chloride ua cov electrolyte. Nws muaj cov electrodes ua los ntawm zinc thiab manganese oxide. Kev sib txuas ntawm tus kheej electrolytes yog ua los ntawm kev siv tus choj ntsev.

Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj teeb no yog lawv cov nqi qis. Cov roj teeb galvanic no yog qhov pheej yig tshaj plaws ntawm txhua qhov.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov roj teeb ntsev:

• thaum lub sijhawm tso tawm, qhov hluav taws xob poob qis;
• txee lub neej luv thiab tsuas yog 2 xyoos;
• los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub neej lav lav, lub peev xwm raug txo los ntawm 30-40 feem pua;
• ntawm qhov kub qis, lub peev xwm txo qis rau yuav luag xoom.

Alkaline roj teeb

Cov roj teeb no tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1964. Lwm lub npe rau cov khoom noj no yog alkaline (los ntawm lo lus Askiv alkaline, uas txhais tau tias "alkaline" hauv kev txhais lus).

Cov electrodes ntawm lub roj teeb no yog ua los ntawm zinc thiab manganese dioxide. Alkali potassium hydroxide ua raws li electrolyte.

Hnub no, cov roj teeb no yog cov khoom siv tshaj plaws, vim tias lawv zoo rau feem ntaukhoom siv hluav taws xob.

Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob alkaline:

• muaj peev xwm ntau dua piv rau ntsev thiab, vim li ntawd, lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua;
• tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm qhov ntsuas kub qis;
• tau txhim kho kev nruj, uas yog, qhov yuav ua rau kom txo qis;
• muaj lub neej txee ntev dua 5 xyoos;
• muaj tus nqi txo tus kheej tawm piv rau cov roj teeb ntsev.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom noj alkaline:

• lub sijhawm tso tawm yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev txo qis hauv cov zis hluav taws xob;
• Alkaline roj teeb yog tib yam li cov roj ntsha ntsev, tab sis tus nqi thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov roj teeb alkaline yog siab dua.

mercury batteries

Nyob rau hauv lub roj teeb, lub anode yog ua los ntawm zinc, lub cathode yog ua los ntawm mercury oxide. Cov electrodes yog sib cais los ntawm ib tug separator thiab ib tug diaphragm impregnated nrog ib tug 40% poov tshuaj hydroxide tov. Alkali yog siv no ua ib qho electrolyte. Ua tsaug rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, lub zog hluav taws xob no tuaj yeem ua haujlwm raws li lub roj teeb. Tab sis thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm cyclic, galvanic cell degrades, nws lub peev xwm txo.

Qhov zoo ntawm cov roj teeb mercury:

• stable voltage;
• muaj peev xwm thiab lub zog ceev;
• muaj peev xwm ntawm ob qhov siab thiab qis ambient kub;
• ntev lub neej ntev ntawm 10 xyoo.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm mercuryCov khoom siv hluav taws xob:

• tus nqi siab;
• muaj peev xwm raug mercury vapor thaum muaj kev nyuaj siab;
• yuav tsum txhim kho kev sau thiab pov tseg.

roj teeb nyiaj

Nyob hauv lub roj teeb nyiaj, zinc yog siv rau lub anode, thiab nyiaj oxide rau cathode. Cov electrolyte yog sodium los yog potassium hydroxide.

qeb no suav nrog cov roj teeb saib, qhov ntev ntawm qhov yuav muab hauv qab no. Qhov zoo ntawm cov nyiaj siv hluav taws xob muaj raws li hauv qab no:

• voltage stability;
• muaj peev xwm thiab lub zog ntom ntom;
• tiv thaiv rau qhov kub thiab txias;
• ntev kev pab cuam lub neej thiab cia.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov roj teeb no yog lawv cov nqi siab.

roj teeb lithium

Hauv cov roj teeb zoo li no, cov cathode yog ua los ntawm lithium. Nws yog cais los ntawm lub anode los ntawm ib tug separator thiab ib tug diaphragm, uas yog impregnated nrog ib tug organic electrolyte.

Pros ntawm lithium roj teeb:

• tsis tu ncua voltage;
• muaj peev xwm thiab lub zog ceev;
• kev ywj pheej ntawm lub zog siv los ntawm kev thauj khoom tam sim no;
• me me;
• ntev lub neej ntev txog 12 xyoos;
• tiv thaiv kom kub siab heev.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov roj teeb lithium tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau lawv cov nqi siab.

Raws li tau hais los saum no, cov khoom noj muaj cov tshuaj sib txawv. Cov duab thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov roj teeb kuj txawv ntawm ib leeg. Galvanic hlwb muaj qhov siab sib txawv, diameters thiab voltages. Xav txog kev faib cov roj teeb raws li cov kev txwv no.

Kev faib cov roj teeb raws qhov loj

Nyob ntawm qhov hluav taws xob, qhov siab, txoj kab uas hla thiab cov duab, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua tau raws li txoj hauv kev. Ib qho ntawm cov kev faib tawm nrov tshaj plaws yog Asmeskas. Nws yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab hauv qab no. Cov qauv no yooj yim thiab siv ntau lub tebchaws.

Raws li Asmeskas cov txheej txheem, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau faib raws li hauv qab no:

Npe	siab, mm	Dab, mm	V,V
D	61, 5	34, 2	1,5
C	50,0	26, 2	1,5
UA	50, 5	14, 5	1,5
AAA	44, 5	10, 5	1,5
PP3	48, 5	26, 5	9,0

Ntxiv rau cov chav kawm uas tau teev tseg hauv lub rooj, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kuj muaj lub npe nrov uas siv rau hauvneeg. Piv txwv li, qhov loj ntawm AA roj teeb piv rau qhov loj ntawm tib neeg ntiv tes, yog li lub npe "folk" rau lub cell galvanic no yog "ntiv tes" roj teeb, lossis "ob A". Tab sis lub hwj chim mov C feem ntau hu ua "inch". Lub galvanic cell D yog hu ua "chim". Thiab lub roj teeb AAA, qhov ntev ntawm qhov zoo ib yam li cov ntiv tes me tshaj plaws ntawm tus neeg, tsis yog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig hu ua "tus ntiv tes me", lossis "peb A". Lub PP3 fais fab mov tau hu ua "krone".

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov roj teeb me me tau siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab cov npe uas muaj ntau haiv neeg. Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog cov tshuaj nyiaj thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj nyob hauv qab no.

Roj teeb "cov ntsiav tshuaj": qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab npe

Lwm lub npe rau lub roj teeb me me yog lub cell qhuav. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo li no muaj cov anode ua los ntawm cov nyiaj oxide, zinc cathode thiab electrolyte. Cov tom kawg yog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov ntsev, uas muaj cov pasty sib xws.

Ntau lub tuam txhab feem ntau muab cov npe rau cov khoom siv fais fab uas txawv ntawm cov qauv. Hauv qab no yog lub rooj sib faib uas teev cov npe thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg rau cov roj teeb saib.

Nws yog cov nyiaj me me "cov tshuaj" uas ua rau cov txheej txheem ntawm lub dab teg niaj hnub ua haujlwm. Thaum nws los txog rau lub sijhawm los hloov lub roj teeb, tej zaum koj yuav ntsib nrog cov lus nug, hom fais fab twg haum rau qhov xwm txheej no? Piv txwv li, yog tias lub moos siv lub ntsiab 399, koj tuaj yeem ua tauHloov chaw, muab lub roj teeb me me, uas, nyob ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, tej zaum yuav muaj cov npe V399, D399, LR57, LR57SW, LR927, LR927SW lossis L927E. Raws li cov npe no, "ntsiav tshuaj" yuav raug tsim, qhov siab yog 2.6 millimeters thiab txoj kab uas hla yog 9.5.

Roj teeb loj tsis yog qhov ntsuas nkaus xwb los xav txog thaum yuav khoom siv hluav taws xob. Txhawm rau kawm paub yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob rau ntawm lub hlwb galvanic, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lawv daim ntawv lo.

battery markings

Lub International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) tau tsim cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, raws li txhua lub roj teeb yuav tsum raug cim. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog nws lub zog siv zog, muaj pes tsawg leeg, qhov loj me, chav kawm thiab tus nqi hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau qhia rau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv hluav taws xob. Siv cov piv txwv ntawm lub roj teeb qhia hauv qab no, cia peb saib kom zoo dua ntawm txhua qhov cim cim.

Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob qhia cov hauv qab no:

• tus nqi hluav taws xob ntawm lub cell galvanic yog 15 Ah;
• fais fab qhov chaw - AA, uas yog, nws yog "ntiv tes" roj teeb;
• voltage yog 1.5 volts.

nqe lus "LR6" txhais li cas? Qhov no, qhov tseeb, yog qhov cim, uas muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab chav kawm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov hom roj teeb muaj cov npe hauv qab no:

• ntsev – R;
• alkaline - LR;
• nyiaj -SR;
• lithium - CR.

Cov chav kawm roj teeb yog qhia los ntawm cov lej hauv qab no:

• D – 20;
• C–14;
• AA-6;
• AAA-03;
• PP3 - 6/22.

Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab lub cim LR6 hauv daim duab saum toj no. Cov ntawv ntawm no qhia tias qhov no yog alkaline galvanic cell, thiab tus lej qhia qhov loj ntawm "ntiv tes" roj teeb, uas yog, nws qhia tau hais tias lub zog hluav taws xob yog nyob rau hauv chav kawm AA.

Scope ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev xaiv cov roj teeb

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tag nrho cov galvanic hlwb ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm kev sib koom ua ke, uas yog, cov neeg siv tau yooj yim hloov lub hwj chim qhov chaw ntawm ib lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus nrog ib tug zoo xws li cov roj teeb los ntawm lwm tus. Muaj tsuas yog ib qho lus ceeb toom: koj yuav tsum tsis txhob siv cov peev txheej tam sim no tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab sib txawv lossis, ntxiv rau, koom nrog ntau hom hauv ib lub cuab yeej. Qhov no yuav txo tau roj teeb lub neej zoo heev.

Thaum xaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, koj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas lub ntim. Feem ntau, cov chaw tsim khoom qhia txog nws cov khoom siv uas nws pom zoo kom siv cov roj teeb tshwj xeeb no. Yog tias tsis muab cov ntaub ntawv no, cov lus qhia hauv qab no yuav pab koj xaiv qhov yog.

Cov roj teeb ntsev muaj peev xwm tsawg ntawm 0.6-0.8 Ah thiab siv rau hauv cov khoom siv uas siv hluav taws xob tsawg. Cov no tuaj yeem yog cov chaw taws teeb tswj, ntsuas hluav taws xob, ntsuas ntsuas, ntsuas hauv pem teb lossis chav ua noj. Cov ntsev kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov roj teeb saib. Qhov ntev ntawm cov peev txheej tam sim no zoo ib yam li qhov sib xwsparameters ntawm alkaline, tab sis lawv cov cheeb tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov sib txawv heev. Tom qab tag nrho, yog tias koj siv cov roj teeb ntsev hauv cov khoom siv nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob, lub teeb nyem lossis lub koob yees duab, ces lawv lub neej kev pab tsuas yog 20-30 feeb xwb. Xws li galvanic hlwb tsis yog tsim los rau hnyav loads.

Alkaline roj teeb muaj peev xwm loj ntawm 1.5-3.2 Ah. Qhov no tso cai rau lawv ua tiav siv hauv cov khoom siv uas muaj zog siv zog ntxiv. Cov khoom siv no suav nrog cov koob yees duab digital nrog lub teeb nyem, lub teeb nyem, cov khoom ua si menyuam yaus, xov tooj hauv chaw ua haujlwm, nas computer, thiab lwm yam. Cov roj teeb tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov koob yees duab muab lub zog sai dua. Qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ceev ntawm cov koob yees duab. Yog tias koj siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob alkaline hauv cov khoom siv uas siv hluav taws xob tsawg, cov roj teeb yuav qhia tau zoo, lawv lub neej kev pab yuav yog ob peb xyoos.

Neeg mus rau peb caug xyoo dhau los, cov roj teeb mercury tau siv dav hauv cov khoom siv xws li hluav taws xob saib, lub tshuab pacemakers, cov khoom siv hnov lus, thiab cov khoom siv tub rog. Txog niaj hnub no, kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg tsawg. Hauv ntau lub tebchaws, nws raug txwv tsis pub tsim thiab ua haujlwm xws li cov tshuaj electrochemical vim qhov tseeb tias mercury yog cov tshuaj lom. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev siv cov peev txheej tam sim no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los npaj lawv cov khoom sib cais thiab muab pov tseg raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev nyab xeeb.

roj teeb nyiaj tsis siv davvim tus nqi siab ntawm cov hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob me me ntawm hom no tau siv dav hauv cov watches, laptop thiab computer motherboards, cov khoom siv hnov lus, suab paj nruag, fobs tseem ceeb thiab lwm yam khoom siv uas cov roj teeb loj dua siv tsis tau.

Lithium roj teeb muaj lub neej ntev dua li cov roj teeb alkaline zoo tshaj plaws. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo li no tau siv rau hauv cov khoom siv uas siv hluav taws xob ntau. Nws tuaj yeem yog cov cuab yeej siv computer thiab duab, khoom siv kho mob.

Zaj lus

Lub roj teeb yog ib yam khoom uas, txawm tias nws qhov me me, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Koj tsis tuaj yeem disassemble lub hwj chim qhov chaw, muab pov rau hauv qhov hluav taws kub thiab, ntawm chav kawm, sim recharge. Hauv net koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov lus qhia yuav ua li cas muab lub roj teeb rau lub neej thib ob. Tsis txhob sim cov kev sim no, vim nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij.

Thaum yuav cov roj teeb tshiab, koj yuav tsum xyuam xim tsis yog rau cov chaw tsim khoom thiab qhov loj me, tab sis kuj yog cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm nyeem daim ntawv lo. Cov roj teeb uas raug xaiv yuav pab tau koj ntev thiab ua tau zoo.