2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:27
Bohemian siv lead ua - ntau npaum li cas hauv lub ntsiab lus no … Nws yog txaus los hnov nws, thiab tam sim ntawd lub tswv yim kos aristocratic receptions thiab clink ntawm tsom iav. Cov tais diav twg tuaj yeem hu ua lo lus no thiab nws txawv ntawm txhua yam li cas?
Keeb kwm ntawm siv lead ua khoom siv
keeb kwm niaj hnub ntawm iav hauv Tebchaws Europe tau ntseeg tias yuav pib hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puas xyoo. Nws yog lub sijhawm ntawd, los ntawm lub sijhawm, nws tau paub tias nrog kev xaiv ua haujlwm, iav ua pob tshab. Qhov no yog li cas tus qauv zoo tshiab tshwm sim - craftsmen thoob plaws teb chaws Europe sim ua kom lawv cov khoom translucent thiab ua si nyob rau hauv lub hnub. Ib me ntsis tom qab, ib tug thawj formula twb invented, raws li ib tug tej yam npaum li cas ntawm txhuas oxide tau ntxiv rau lub iav loj. Daim ntawv qhia tshiab tau ua kom pom tseeb hloov cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom tiav. Crystal yooj yim rau polish thiab zoo nkauj dua thaum txiav.
Bohemian Crystal: Keeb Kwm ntawm Czech Glassblowers
iav khoom siv tes ua yog ib qho ntawmcov khoom qub tshaj plaws thiab hwm tshaj plaws nyob hauv Europe. Tau kawg, txhua lub xeev nyob sab Europe muaj lawv tus kheej tus tswv thiab kev cob qhia, tab sis Bohemia thiab Venice tau los ua nto moo tshaj plaws ua tsaug rau daim duab no. Murano iav (npe npe tom qab qhov chaw tsim khoom - cov kob ntawm Murano) yog qhov txawv ntawm nws cov elegance, pob tshab thiab ntau yam xim. Tag nrho cov no yog cov kev lig kev cai ntawm cov tswv ntawm Venice nyob rau hauv lub iav-blowing crafts. Tab sis twb nyob rau hauv lub XIII xyoo pua nyob rau hauv Bohemia (lub keeb kwm cheeb tsam ntawm lub Czech koom pheej) tsim nyog analogues ntawm lub zos tsim Italian iav tshwm. Niaj hnub no, Bohemian siv lead ua thiab iav muaj nuj nqis rau lawv cov pob tshab tshwj xeeb. Tab sis thev naus laus zis uas tuaj yeem muab qhov zoo rau cov khoom yog thawj zaug pom los ntawm tus tswv uas nyob thiab ua haujlwm hauv Bohemia.
Productionstep
Txawm tias niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, Bohemian siv lead ua yog suav tias yog khoom kim heev thiab qhov taw qhia ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb saj ntawm tus tswv. Tab sis vim li cas hom no thiaj li muaj nuj nqis? Lub sijhawm uas cov kws ua haujlwm raug txwv tsis pub qhia txawm tias lawv cov txheeb ze muaj qhov tseeb txog kev tsim khoom tau dhau mus. Niaj hnub no, ntau lub tsev tsim khoom hauv Bohemia ua kev mus ncig ua si rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, thiab peb yuav sim nkag siab tias yuav ua li cas cov khoom siv lead ua thiab iav tau tsim. Thawj theem ntawm kev tsim khoom yog melting ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab tshuab tshuab. Tom ntej no, lub resulting workpiece yog muab tso rau hauv ib tug ntub ntoo daim ntawv. Qhov thib peb theem - ib qho ntawm qhov zoo siab tshaj plaws - yog kev sib tsoo thiab txiav ntawm iav. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm: lub sijhawm uas cov khoom tuaj yeem ua tiav yog luv dhau. Feem ntau thaumHauv kev ua haujlwm, tus wizard siv cov duab kos ua ntej. Cov theem tom ntej yog kev tsim cov kev pab cuam thiab kev siv gilding. Thiab qhov kawg yog polishing cov khoom tiav. Bohemian siv lead ua muaj nuj nqis tsis tsuas yog rau nws txoj kev zoo nkauj, tab sis kuj rau nws qhov zoo. Tag nrho cov khoom raug kuaj thiab nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm kev sib yuav me ntsis raug xa mus tsis tau rau cov khw muag khoom, tab sis rau kev ua. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias niaj hnub no iav thiab siv lead ua nyob rau hauv Bohemia yog tsim los ntawm tes thiab nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb automated kab siv stamping technology.
Crystal lossis iav?
Koj puas paub yog vim li cas lub vase no yog siv lead ua thiab cov iav uas zoo li iav? Yuav ua li cas ob yam khoom tau los ntawm tib yam raw khoom sib txawv ntawm ib leeg. Nws ntseeg tau tias yog lub khob muaj 6 mus rau 36% txhuas oxide, nws tuaj yeem hu ua siv lead ua. Lub ntiaj teb tus qauv zoo yog 24%. Nws ntseeg tau tias qhov ntau dua qhov feem pua ntawm cov hlau lead, qhov zoo dua cov siv lead ua. Cov neeg tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom zoo yog cov khoom lag luam uas qhov ntsuas no tshaj 30%. Bohemian siv lead ua (koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab hauv peb tsab xov xwm) yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cua npuas lossis lwm yam suav nrog. Cov khoom yuav tsum yog cov pob tshab sib xws thiab ci ntsa iab hauv txhua qhov chaw, tsis muaj turbidity.
Quality Metrics
Yuav ua li cas xaiv cov siv lead ua thiab tsis ua yuam kev thaum yuav? Txoj hauv kev niaj hnub los xyuas lub khob yog maj mam kais nrog xaum lossis lwm yam khoom ntawm ntug ntawm lub khob los yog lub tais zaub xam lav. Tag nrho thiab cov khoom zoo yuav teb koj nrog lub suab zoo. Lwm qhov kev xaiv rau kev kuaj xyuas siv lead ua thaum yuav khoom yogrub nws nrog ntiv tes ntub. Cov khoom qub thiab cov khoom zoo yuav ua rau lub suab nrov, tab sis cov iav zoo tib yam thiab lwm yam analogues yuav "tso tseg". Tag nrho cov tais diav uas tsim nyob rau hauv Bohemia muaj "kos npe" seam - ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm qia ntawm lub khob. Cov iav thiab vases ua los ntawm Bohemian siv lead ua (rau paj) muaj qhov txawv ntawm qhov hauv qab.
Cov tais diav thiab cov khoom zoo nkauj no raug nqi pes tsawg?
Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, ib qho siv lead ua tau suav hais tias yog lub cim ntawm kev vam meej, txhua tus poj niam uas hwm nws tus kheej yuav tsum muaj cov tais diav hauv nws lub tsev. Tag nrho cov hnub so thiab solemn txheej xwm tau txuam nrog precisely nrog suab paj nruag chime ntawm tsom iav ua los ntawm cov khoom no. Thiab nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas siv lead ua yog suav tias yog lub cim ntawm saj thiab kev vam meej: koj yeej yuav tsum tau them rau qhov zoo thiab kev zoo nkauj. Qhov nruab nrab, ib txheej ntawm iav tuaj yeem yuav rau 3000-4000 rubles, thiab qee qhov kev pabcuam nruab nrab lossis cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv - rau 2000-3000 rubles. Tau kawg, peb tab tom tham txog cov khoom lag luam tsim. Kev xuas tes ua yog kim dua. Crystal tableware tsis muaj hnub nyoog, tab sis tsuas yog ua tau zoo dua nrog cov xyoo dhau los. Raws li, ib qho antique vintage Bohemian siv lead ua khoom qab zib tais tuaj yeem raug nqi hmoov zoo. Feem ntau, xws li cov khoom siv sab hauv thiab cov tais diav yog muag ntawm kev muag khoom. Nws hloov tawm hais tias siv lead ua tsis yog tsuas yog lub rooj thiab kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv, tab sis kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb peev.
Pom zoo:
Hnub so hauv tebchaws Russia, lawv lub ntsiab lus, keeb kwm thiab lub luag haujlwm hauv lub neej niaj hnub no
Kab lus qhia luv luv ntawm cov hnub so hauv tebchaws Russia. Cov keeb kwm luv luv ntawm txhua hnub so yuav pab kom nkag siab zoo dua lub hauv paus ntawm hnub tseem ceeb
Hnub ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Internal Affairs ntawm Russia: hnub thiab keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm
Lub Ministry of Internal Affairs ntawm Russia, los yog, raws li nws yog hu ua luv luv, Ministry of Internal Affairs, yog ib tug tshwj xeeb lub xeev qauv. Nws tau tsim los daws teeb meem kev nom kev tswv loj. Txhua tus neeg uas muaj feem xyuam rau qhov kev ua ub no loj ua kev zoo siab txhua xyoo rau lub Kaum Hli 7 lawv cov hnub so haujlwm - Hnub ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Hauv Tebchaws Russia
Keeb kwm ntawm lub hnab los ntawm nws keeb kwm los txog niaj hnub no
Ib lub hnab tsis yog cov khoom tsim los nqa khoom xwb. Nws kuj yog ib qho khoom siv uas tus neeg tuaj yeem hais txog nws tus kheej. Keeb kwm ntawm lub hnab pib nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm lub primitive communal system. Nws tseem tab tom sau, txij li tsis tau pom qhov hloov pauv puv rau cov cuab yeej no. Txoj kev twg cov khoom siv?
Hnub ntawm tus menyuam ntxov ntxov: keeb kwm ntawm nws keeb kwm thiab nws lub hom phiaj
Vim li cas cov me nyuam ntxov ntxov tshwm sim hauv ntiaj teb, ntau tus kws kho mob paub. Lawv kuj paub tias yuav tsum ua dab tsi los hloov lawv mus rau lub ntiaj teb thiab ua raws li cov qauv ntawm txhua lub cev. Tab sis lawv, txawm nrog lawv niam lawv txiv, yuav tsis muaj peev xwm tsa tau tag nrho cov me nyuam yug ntxov ntxov rau lawv ko taw yam tsis muaj peb pab
Hnub Kev Cai Raus Dej ntawm Russia thaum Lub Xya Hli 28: niaj hnub thiab keeb kwm tseem ceeb ntawm Orthodoxy
Tsis ntev los no ua kev zoo siab rau Lub Xya Hli 28, Hnub Ua Kev Cai Raus Dej ntawm Russia tsis yog cov kev ua koob tsheej nto moo thiab muaj npe nrov. Tab sis cov tub ntxhais hluas hnub so tau dhau los ua neeg nto moo, ntxiv dag zog rau pej xeem lub siab lub tswv yim ntawm keeb kwm ntawm peb cov kab lis kev cai thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv
