Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 3-4 xyoos: cov yam ntxwv, cov qauv, cov haujlwm thiab cov txheej txheem

2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:34

Hnub dhau ib hnub, tus me nyuam tau ntse dua. Nws paub thiab paub ntau heev. Tom qab ib xyoos, ua tsaug rau cov txuj ci ntawm kev taug kev, lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig tus menyuam tuaj yeem nkag mus tau yooj yim dua thiab nthuav. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ob xyoos, tus menyuam twb tuaj yeem pab nws niam, noj ntawm nws tus kheej, tso rau qee yam thiab ntau ntxiv. Yuav ua li cas ntxiv? Kev loj hlob ntawm cov me nyuam 3-4 xyoos yog dab tsi?

Lub hnub nyoog no, tus menyuam tau npaj txhij rau kev txawj ntse uas yuav tsum muaj kev sib koom tes zoo ntawm kev txav. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem qhia nws caij tsheb kauj vab, caij ski thiab skate, kawm ua luam dej, ncaws pob. Kev loj hlob ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 3 xyoos yuav tsum muaj cov haujlwm nyuaj thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntau li ntau tau rau lub hnub nyoog.

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 3 xyoos yog txuam nrog leej niam mus ua haujlwm thiab mus kawm qib kindergarten, nrog rau "kev kub ntxhov ntawm peb xyoos." Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov no yog lub sijhawm yug ntawm kev xav thiab kev paub txog ntawm tus kheej li ib tug neeg. Tus me nyuam xav qhia nws tus kheej li ib tug neeg laus thiab tiv thaiv nws txoj kev xav zoo siab heev. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog kev tawv ncauj, kev xav ntawm tus kheej thiab tsis kam lees. Tus me nyuam tsis kam noj, tsaug zog, ntxuav tom qab nws tus kheej, tantrums feem ntau tshwm sim. Tus me nyuam tseem tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev xav, thiab yog li nws tus kheejraug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev tshwm sim ntau dhau ntawm lawv.

Kindergarten tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 3 xyoos. Tus menyuam raug yuam kom hloov mus rau cov kev cai ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv, ua raws li txoj cai nruj dua, thiab tseem tsim kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm tus menyuam. Yog li ntawd, txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov niam txiv yog kom nrhiav tau ib tug "golden txhais tau tias" nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas lus thiab kev loj hlob lawv tus me nyuam, coj mus rau hauv tus account lub complex puas siab puas ntsws lub nra.

Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 4 xyoos

Raws li qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov uas tus menyuam yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ua tau rau lub hnub nyoog no, cov kev txawj hauv qab no tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:

1. Npe cov duab geometric thiab sib piv nrog cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig.
2. Muab lub npe rau cov khoom thiab faib ua pawg (furniture, tsiaj, tsheb, thiab lwm yam).
3. paub cov yam ntxwv ntawm qee txoj haujlwm.
4. Muaj peev xwm taug kev hauv qhov chaw (qhov txawv ntawm "txoj cai", "sab laug", "ua ntej" thiab lwm yam).
5. Yuav kom sib piv cov khoom los ntawm qhov tsis muaj qhov loj.
6. Muaj peev xwm kos duab kos duab yam tsis dhau kab.
7. Nrhiav cov khoom ploj ntawm kab.
8. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam hnub nyoog 4 xyoos twb tso cai rau koj rov hais dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm fairy tales.
9. Xaiv lub caij nyoog, hnub, thiab tseem paub qhov txawv ntawm huab cua tshwm sim.
10. Muaj peev xwm sau cov lus piav qhia ntawm ib yam khoom los ntawm ntau kab lus.

Cov kev paub thiab kev txawj ntse yog qhov nruab nrab. Qee cov me nyuam muaj cov txuj ci no ua ntej hnub nyoog plaub xyoos, ib tug me ntsis tom qab, tab sis tag nrho cov no yog txawv ntawm cov qauv.

Kev txhim kho hauv tsev

Kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 3 xyoos yog nrog kev tawm dag zoglos txhim kho cov kev txawj tsav tsheb zoo thiab tag nrho. Ua tsaug rau txoj haujlwm no, kev ua tiav ntawm lub hlwb tshwm sim. Kev ua qauv yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm kev tawm dag zog. Tau qhia tus menyuam los ua pob thiab hnyuv ntxwm, koj tuaj yeem tsim ntau yam khoom sib txawv ntawm txhua lub ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li, pwm zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas yuav pab txhawb kev paub txog lawv, nrog rau kev tsim cov ntiv tes. Ib tug me nyuam muaj 3 xyoos yuav zoo siab muab cov khoom tso rau hauv lub thawv los yog nrhiav hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov nplej, nplej zom, cov noob.

Yog tus me nyuam twb hais tau zoo lawm, koj tuaj yeem coj nws mus piav qhia cov duab hauv phau ntawv thiab cov ntawv xov xwm. Cov txheej txheem no tau zoo siv rau kev taug kev. Piv txwv li, ib ntus nug: "Kuv tus txiv ntxawm ua dab tsi?", "Kuv tus phauj txhais li cas? Nws mus qhov twg?" Tus me nyuam zoo siab koom nrog kev ua si ua si. Piv txwv li, nws yuav zoo siab muab ib tug dais pw, ua ib tug builder thiab tsim ib tug pej thuam, los yog tig mus ua ib tug hairdresser thiab ua ib tug menyuam roj hmab cov plaub hau. Kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 3 xyoos mus rau nws tus kheej, tab sis cov niam txiv muaj peev xwm ua tau sai.

Kev txhim kho hauv tsev nrog tus menyuam muaj plaub xyoos

Sculpting thiab painting cov tswv yim yuav nyuaj dua. Tus menyuam tuaj yeem qhia kos duab, kos duab kos duab, ua haujlwm nrog stencil. Ntxiv nrog rau plasticine, av nplaum yog siv, los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm ntau lub ntsiab lus raug tsim. Rau daim ntawv thov, tus menyuam tuaj yeem txiav cov duab tsim nyog nws tus kheej.

Kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam hnub nyoog 4 xyoos yog nrog kev ua lej yooj yim - sib ntxiv thiab rho tawm. Txhawm rau kom zoo dua assimilation, lawv siv qhov sib tw, sticks, ntiv tes, uas yog, tag nrho cov improvised txhais tau tias. Kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 4 xyoos yog nrog rau kev ua kom nco txog cov lus.

Kev txhim kho menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 3-4 xyoos

Ib txhia niam txiv nyiam ua hauj lwm nrog lawv cov me nyuam raws li ib txoj kev npaj, tsis yog nyob rau hauv ib tug dawb style. Cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob ntawm cov chav kawm rau lub hnub nyoog no muaj cov khoom hauv qab no:

1. Txoj kev tsim kom muaj lub suab kab lis kev cai ntawm kev hais lus.
2. Kev txawj nyeem ntawv.
3. Tshawb nrhiav lub ntiaj teb sab nraud.
4. Creative activities (drawing, modeling, applications).
5. Kev ua lej.
6. Music development.

Cia peb nyob ntawm txhua lub ntsiab lus kom ntxaws ntxiv.

Suab culture

Nyob hauv cheeb tsam no, tus me nyuam tau qhia tias yuav hais cov suab li cas kom raug. Ze li 4 xyoos, lawv raug qhia kom sau cov ntawv uas qhia lawv hauv phau ntawv. Ntawm chav kawm, cov ntawv sau yuav fuzzy, tab sis cov kev tawm dag zog zoo li no pab txhawb kev txhim kho lub cev muaj zog zoo thiab ua haujlwm ntawm tes. Articulation cov dej num tau koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem, uas ua nyuaj dua. Cov menyuam yaus nco tau ntau zaj paj huam, cov nkauj hu nkauj, nkauj, yog li ntawd ntxiv lawv cov lus thiab txhawb lawv lub peev xwm hais lus.

Tshawb nrhiav lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig peb

Kev tawm dag zog yog tsom rau kev kawm ntawm cov xwm txheej ntuj, kev sib xyaw ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm lub caij nyoog thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm ecology. Piv txwv li, thaum saib cov noog tsiv teb tsaws chaw nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, tus me nyuam tau taw qhia qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lawv lub davhlau mus rau qhov chaw sov sov ua ib qho cim ntawm lub caij nyoog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv qhia cov npe ntawm cov noog uas ya mus rau qhov chaw sov, thiab cov uas tseem nyob rau lub caij ntuj no. Thaum soj ntsuamhuab cua, txawv adjectives thiab verbs yog siv, li no enriching tus me nyuam cov lus. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv txoj kev nws tuaj yeem los nag, tshav ntuj, cua, thiab nag tuaj yeem drizzle, khob, ncuav. Taug kev, xyuam xim rau cov ntoo thiab bushes, lawv cov tsos, npe. Ntau yam khoom siv tes ua yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj tsim. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 4 xyoos, tus me nyuam yuav tsum tau npe cov xim tseem ceeb thiab qee qhov ntxoov ntxoo, pom lawv nyob rau hauv cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig. Nws yuav pab tau kom xyuam xim rau cov kev cai ntawm txoj kev. Kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 3-4 xyoos tab tom ua nrawm nrawm. Tus menyuam kawm tau cov ntaub ntawv nthuav dav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias nws tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov qauv hauv ntiaj teb ib puag ncig.

Qhia lej

Thaum muaj peb xyoos, tus menyuam ua tiav cov duab geometric thiab cov duab sib txawv. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 4 xyoos, cov chav kawm yuav nyuaj, tus me nyuam muaj peev xwm pab pawg khoom raws li cov cim txawv txawv (los ntawm xim, loj). Tus menyuam kawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm "tsawg", "ntau dua", "sib npaug" ntawm txhais tes. Nws yog qhov zoo los suav rau peb. Kev loj hlob lej ntawm tus me nyuam thaum muaj hnub nyoog 4 xyoos yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm los ua lej suav. Cov lus qhia yooj yim spatial yog ib qho yooj yim los qhia hauv qhov kev ua si, piv txwv li los ntawm kev zais ib qho khoom ua si thiab muab qee qhov kev tshoov siab ("Ua ntej, tig laug … "). Thaum muaj hnub nyoog plaub xyoos, tus menyuam tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias pib ua ntej, dab tsi tom qab. Piv txwv li, thaum sawv ntxov los ua ntej, hnub ntawd, tom qab ntawd yav tsaus ntuj thiab hmo ntuj.

Speech Development

Ib tug me nyuam muaj 3 xyoos muaj peev xwm nco tau me me, hu nkauj. Cov niam txiv qhia cov tsiaj ntawv, npaj ib txhais tes rautsab ntawv. Ze li plaub xyoos, koj tuaj yeem pib kawm cov lus, sim nyeem thawj phau ntawv yooj yim. Thaum lub hnub nyoog no, tus me nyuam nco txog riddles, proverbs thiab sayings.

Kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 4 xyoos yog tshwm sim hauv cov lus ntawm 5-6 lo lus. Tus me nyuam feem ntau nug cov lus nug: "Vim li cas?", "Los ntawm qhov twg?" Nws nyiam txhua yam thiab xav paub txhua yam. Yuav kom txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus ntawm cov me nyuam hnub nyoog 3-4 mus rau ib tug ceev ceev, cov niam txiv yuav tsum tau teb tag nrho cov lus nug ntawm tus me nyuam, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib hom lus uas nws siv tau rau nws.

Kev txhim kho los ntawm kev muaj tswv yim thiab cov cuab yeej suab paj nruag

Thaum muaj plaub xyoos, tus menyuam tuaj yeem kos nrog ntau yam cuab yeej. Yog tias tus menyuam muaj hnub nyoog peb xyoos tsis paub meej txog qhov ciam teb ntawm daim duab, ces tus neeg laus twb sim tsis mus dhau qhov txwv thiab siv ntau xim. Ib tug me nyuam thaum muaj hnub nyoog 4 xyoos twb muaj peev xwm txiav tawm cov duab rau appliqué ntawm nws tus kheej, gluing lawv mus rau hauv peb-dimensional compositions. Thaum muaj peb xyoos, tus me nyuam sculpts pob thiab hnyuv ntxwm, thiab ib xyoos tom qab nws muaj peev xwm txuas cov sticks rau hauv ib lub nplhaib, tsim cov duab txawv txawv reminiscent ntawm fairy tales cim. Txij li thaum muaj hnub nyoog peb xyoos, fantasy pib nquag tshwm sim nws tus kheej, los ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm plaub nws twb embodied nyob rau hauv drawings thiab nyob rau hauv kev ua si nrog plasticine.

Txog kev txhim kho suab paj nruag, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau qhia kev mloog suab paj nruag thiab piav qhia nws tus cwj pwm (tu siab lossis zoo siab, nrawm lossis qeeb). Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txhawb qhov kev ntshaw ntawm tus menyuam hu nkauj thiab seev cev. Koj tuaj yeem qhia cov cuab yeej suab paj nruag thiab cov suab uas lawv tsim, nrog rau qhov sib txawv ntawm lub suab sau ntawv.

Methods Development Methods

Muaj ntau tus neeg sau cov xwm txheej rau cov chav kawm kev loj hlob sai. Ntau tus niam txiv tsis ntseeg txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv cov kev tawm dag zog kev loj hlob, sib cav tias nws muaj kev phom sij, lawv tseem yuav qhia qhov no hauv qib kindergarten thiab tom tsev kawm ntawv. Tab sis tej kev paub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tau unobtrusively thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev ua si, yuav tsis superfluous. Xav txog cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob ntawm menyuam yaus feem ntau siv:

1. Nikitins txoj haujlwm. Txoj cai tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm raws li txoj kev no yog, ua ntej, kev ywj pheej hauv chav kawm. Cov menyuam yaus raug tso cai ua si tsis txwv nrog cov khoom lossis kev ua si uas lawv nyiam, sib txuas ntau hom kev ua ub no. Qhov thib ob, lub tsev yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw ua si, tshwj xeeb yog them rau hardening. Qhov thib peb, cov niam txiv yuav tsum koom nrog cov menyuam yaus ua si, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, hauv lub neej ntawm tus menyuam. Koj tsis tuaj yeem tso siab rau cov menyuam yaus, tab sis koj yuav tsum tsom mus rau lawv txoj kev ntshaw thiab kev noj qab haus huv. Cov kws qhia ntawv tsom ntsoov rau "kev coj noj coj ua" ntawm kev txhim kho.
2. Txoj Kev ntawm Maria Montessori. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv yog ua kom tus menyuam nyiam ua haujlwm nrog cov ncauj lus, thiab tsis txhob yuam nws. Lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kev zov me nyuam tau muab tso rau hauv ib qho kev qhia rau tus menyuam. Thaum npaj cov chav kawm, lawv raug coj los ntawm qhov uas tus menyuam nyiam thiab yam tsis nyiam. Tus me nyuam ua qhov kev tawm dag zog ntawm nws tus kheej, qee zaus mus rau kev pab ntawm tus kws qhia.
3. Glenn Doman txoj kev. Tus kws qhia ntawv them lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho lub cev ntawm tus menyuam, tsis tas li, hauv nws lub tswv yim, "yuav tsis muaj kev txawj ntse." Kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 3-4 xyoos pib nrog kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov ntawv teev lus uas tau sau tag nrho. menyuam thaumrau ib lub sij hawm luv luv lawv qhia ib daim ntawv teev npe, sau dab tsi. Tus me nyuam kuj tau txais kev suav suav nrog kev pab ntawm daim npav uas qhia cov lej sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los sau npe tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus, hloov daim npav sai sai. Ib yam nkaus, tus me nyuam tau qhia txog kev paub hauv kev kos duab, keeb kwm, suab paj nruag, thiab lwm yam.

Txoj kev xaiv yog nyob ntawm niam txiv. Kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 3-4 xyoos yog ib txwm nrog ntau cov lus nug thiab xav paub. Cov niam txiv yuav tsis ua raws li ib txoj kev qhia tshwj xeeb. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog ua qhov qhib cov ntaub ntawv rau tus menyuam, nrog rau kev koom tes hauv nws lub neej.