2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:26
Yog tsis muaj kev hais lus, kev sib txuas lus tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau. Kawm paub hom lus, tus menyuam ua rau muaj kev loj hlob loj heev. Kev hais lus raug nkag siab rau lwm tus pab nws qhia nws txoj kev xav kom raug, ua kom yooj yim ntawm kev sib txuas lus. Nws yooj yim dua rau cov menyuam yaus uas tsis muaj teeb meem hais lus los hloov hauv pab pawg menyuam yaus.
Yuav ua li cas?
Nquag, kev hais lus hauv menyuam yaus yog tsim los ntawm plaub xyoos. Thaum lub hnub nyoog no, qee yam nta thiab ua yuam kev raug tso cai. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ua txhaum cai tam sim no ntawm cov tsos ntawm kev txawj hais lus, cov chav kawm hais lus rau cov me nyuam yuav xav tau. Lawv yuav pab tus menyuam sib txuas lus yooj yim dua nrog cov phooj ywg, sib tham, koom nrog cov menyuam yaus thiab ua haujlwm ntawm matinees.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau hu rau tus kws tshaj lij thaum lub sijhawm. Qee zaum kev hloov kho me me raws sij hawm tuaj yeem cawm koj ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntev thiab nyuaj hauv cov txheej txheem khiav. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov chav kawm kev hais lus rau cov menyuam yaus yog qhov tsim nyog thiab kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev hais lus hauv kev npaj tus menyuam mus kawm ntawv.
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb
Cia peb xav txog peb txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov chav kawm no.
- Thawj yam uas tus kws tshaj lij yuav tsum qhia tus menyuam yog kom nkag siab cov lus ib txwm muaj, saib xyuas thiab nkag siab txog qhov tshwm sim ib puag ncig, yog li nthuav dav cov tswv yim ntawm lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig. Lub hom phiaj ntawm tus kws kho mob hais lus yog tsim cov ntsiab lus dav dav, kev tsim cov lus thiab kev txawj ntse, qhia siv cov kab lus nyuaj thiab cov ncauj lus ntxaws ntxaws ntawm kab lus.
- Lwm txoj haujlwm uas cov chav kawm hais lus kho rau cov menyuam yaus muaj yog tsim cov lus hais kom raug, kev loj hlob ntawm kev hnov lus, thiab kev sib sau ua ke ntawm kev txawj hais lus ntawm cov lus raug. Tus kws kho mob hais lus tswj qhov tseeb thiab kev hais lus ntawm kev hais lus, maj mam qhia tus menyuam lub hauv paus ntawm lub suab tsom.
- Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thib peb ntawm tus kws tshaj lij yog qhia kev hais lus ywj pheej siv ntau kab lus, muaj peev xwm qhia koj tus kheej cov lus hais txog qhov xwm txheej uas tau tshwm sim, rov hais dua cov phiaj xwm ntawm zaj dab neeg thiab cov duab. Lub hom phiaj ib leeg yog kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam txoj kev sib txuas lus.
Hom thiab hom ntawm cov chav kawm
Txhua yam kev paub tau txais hauv cov chav kawm nrog tus kws kho mob hais lus yuav tsum tau siv hauv kev sib txuas lus. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau qhia koj tus menyuam kom muaj tswv yim siv cov txuj ci uas tau txais hauv ntau yam xwm txheej thiab kev ua ub no.
chav kawm hais lus rau cov menyuam yaus yog pem hauv ntej, hauv pab pawg lossis ib tus neeg. Cia peb saib ze ze ntawm txhua yam.
Zaj lus qhia pem hauv ntej tau tuav ib txhij nrog tag nrho pawg, uas ua cov khoom siv lexical. Nws suav nrog cov suab uas raug hais los ntawm txhua tus menyuam yaus. Frontal zaj lus qhia tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob pebtheem. Ua ntej, qhia qhov tseeb ntawm lub suab kawm. Nyob rau theem ob, cov me nyuam raug qhia kom sib txawv lub suab ntawm pob ntseg thiab hauv kev hais lus. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom loj hlob lub peev xwm los soj ntsuam cov lus thiab lub suab ntawm haiv neeg hais lus.
Cov chav kawm subgroup nrog tus kws kho mob hais lus yuav tsum mus ua ke nrog cov hauv ntej. Lawv tau ua nrog ib feem me me ntawm pab pawg uas koom ua ke cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev tsis taus zoo sib xws. Nyob ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm tus kheej hauv lub xyoo, qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov pab pawg hloov pauv. Cov chav kawm ntawm cov chav kawm hauv txhua pab pawg yog ua raws li qhov ceev ntawm kev teeb tsa lub suab xav tau siv cov tswv yim tshwj xeeb.
Kev qhia ntiag tug
Cov kev txawj ntawm lub suab hais kom raug yog automated thiab sib sau ua ke hauv cov chav kawm hais lus kho tus kheej. Lawv tau ua nrog cov menyuam yaus uas muaj teeb meem hais lus nyuaj, ntau yam hais lus pathologies, physiological teeb meem ntawm lub cuab yeej ntawm articulation apparatus raug soj ntsuam.
Ib leeg ua haujlwm nrog tus menyuam hais lus kho mob kho cov txheej txheem hauv xov tooj, txhim kho kev hais lus, ua kom tus menyuam lub ntsiab lus nquag. Nws qhia cov me nyuam los tsim cov kab lus sib txuas, muab kev tawm dag zog rau kev txhim kho kev sib txuas lus thiab kev txawj tsav tsheb zoo, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev hais lus thiab kev txawj ntse. Cov chav kawm hais lus kho tus kheej rau cov menyuam yaus, tus nqi uas thaum hu rau tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem siab heev (qhov nruab nrab, ib teev ntawm kev ua haujlwm raug nqi los ntawm 500 txog 1,500 rubles, nyob ntawm thaj tsam thiab qhov tsim nyog ntawm tus kws kho hais lus), muaj cov lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plawstshem tawm cov teeb meem hais lus.
Kev daws cov teeb meem no, ua tiav raws sijhawm, yog theem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev npaj npaj rau kev kawm.
Hais txog teeb meem loj
Ntawm cov menyuam yaus xav tau kev kho hais lus, muaj ntau tus neeg uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hnyav ntawm sensorimotor alalia, uas yog nrog los ntawm kev loj hlob qeeb, disinhibition thiab txawm tias autism. Txhua rooj plaub yuav tsum muaj txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb.
Nyob rau hauv nws txoj haujlwm, tus kws tshaj lij tso siab rau kev paub txog cov hauv paus ntawm neuropsychology, neurolinguistics, neurology, thiab txoj kev xav ntawm kev ua haujlwm maj mam ua. Lwm qhov kev tsim kho pedagogical feem ntau yog siv, piv txwv li, Montessori system. Qee lub sij hawm nws tuaj yeem pab tus neeg mob me tsuas yog koom tes nrog kws kho mob hlwb thiab lwm tus kws kho mob. Kev kuaj mob, raws li txoj cai, tau lees paub thiab teev nyob rau hauv chav kawm ua haujlwm.
Yuav ua li cas nrog cov me nyuam muaj teeb meem
Ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov chav kawm nrog tus kws kho hais lus yuav tsum suav nrog yog kev so. Tus menyuam yuav tsum tau so thiab xis nyob. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau muab nws nrog lub tsev nyob ib puag ncig, kom ua tiav kev xav. Yog hais tias tus me nyuam ntawm lub txais tos tsis kam koom tes, nws yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom nws hais lus. Muaj ntau hom kev siv los tsim kom muaj cua zoo: ua si nrog xuab zeb, dej ua si.
Cov menyuam yaus xav tau txhua lub sijhawm los piav qhia cov kab lus luv luv txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov lawv thov kom ua. Zoo heev thiabQee zaum kev sib cuag qhov muag yog xav tau. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tham nrog tus menyuam maj mam thiab tsis txhob mloog lub suab siab, vim tias cov menyuam yaus tsis pom lub suab zoo. Ib tug me nyuam uas muaj teeb meem hais lus loj yuav tsum tsis txhob muab lus txib: "hais", "show". Cov niam txiv yuav tsum tau ntseeg qhov no, leej twg yuav muaj cov chav kawm hais lus ywj pheej hauv tsev nrog tus menyuam kom sib sau cov khoom siv.
Cov me nyuam mob siab thiab ua tsis taus pa
Raws li txoj cai, tus neeg mob muaj teeb meem 4-5 xyoos muaj lwm yam mob. Feem ntau nws yog hyperactive lossis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, inhibited tus menyuam. Cov menyuam yaus hyperactive yog qhov nyuaj tshwj xeeb. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov niam txiv thiab cov kws qhia ntawv yog sim los txhim kho lub neej ntawm tus menyuam hauv txoj hauv kev kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov kev zoo siab. Qhov chaw yuav tsum tau ua rau kev ua kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb.
Inhibited me nyuam yuav tsum tau lub cev muaj zog stimulation, nws yog ua tau nrog kev siv improvised txhais tau tias: viav vias, khoom ua si, lub rooj zaum log. Koj yuav tsum coj tus menyuam hauv koj txhais tes thiab ua ntau yam kev txav nrog nws. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb heev los siv suab paj nruag thiab txhua lub suab. Cov lus qhia suab paj nruag txhawb kev hais lus, txo qhov qib ntawm kev tswj tus menyuam muaj tshaj nws tus kheej hais. Cov me nyuam uas tsis hais lus yuav xyaum lwm tus thiab koom nrog kev hu nkauj.
Ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm suab paj nruag thiab zaws
Dab tsi ntxiv tuaj yeem thiab yuav tsum muaj cov chav kho hais lus rau cov menyuam yaus suav nrog? Paj huam thiab txhua yam suab paj nruag, uas zoo kawg nkaus txhawb lub pob ntseg, melodiousness ntawm kev hais lus, raws li kev txhim kho kev sib koom tes ntawm kev txav thiab lub tswv yim ntawmqhov chaw. Cov xwm txheej tau rov hais dua thaum hais lus thaiv tau tawg nrog kev pab ntawm suab paj nruag. Cov me nyuam me uas muaj cov tsos mob ntawm autism yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev koom nrog hauv kev ua si sib xws. Lawv tsis xav tau kev ua tiav tshwj xeeb, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej kev ua si, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas lus thiab kev hais lus tau ua haujlwm zoo. Nrog cov menyuam yaus uas tseem pom tias nws nyuaj rau nco qab cov cai ntawm qhov kev ua si, koj tuaj yeem hu nkauj xwb - lub siab xav teb tau zoo heev.
Massage tuaj yeem yog lub zog ntawm kev txhawb nqa ncaj qha ntawm kev hais lus, uas tsim nyog rau ntau tus menyuam yaus, tab sis tsis yog txhua tus. Kev sib cuag ntawm lub cev tsis zoo los ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj teeb meem hauv kev xav. Ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo yog muab los ntawm ib zaj lus qhia txog kev txhim kho tactile, kev pom thiab kev hnov lus. Tactile kev nkag siab zoo dua thaum muaj kev xav, stroking cov khoom ua si thiab ntau yam khoom. Kev nkag siab ntawm kev mloog yog kawm los ntawm kev mloog thiab paub cov suab thiab suab nrov los ntawm ntau qhov chaw, thiab kev pom kev pom tau raug cob qhia los ntawm kev paub txog cov duab thematic.
Pom zoo:
Tus menyuam tsis xav sib txuas lus nrog menyuam yaus: ua rau, tsos mob, yam ntxwv, kev nplij siab ntawm lub hlwb, kev sab laj thiab lus qhia los ntawm tus kws kho mob menyuam yaus
Txhua tus niam txiv tu siab thiab hlub tshua yuav txhawj txog kev cais tus menyuam. Thiab tsis nyob rau hauv vain. Qhov tseeb tias tus menyuam tsis xav sib txuas lus nrog cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem yog ib qho teeb meem loj uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm nws tus cwj pwm thiab tus cwj pwm yav tom ntej. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nkag siab txog cov laj thawj uas yuam kom tus menyuam tsis kam tham nrog cov phooj ywg
Chav qhia kev hais lus rau cov menyuam yaus (2-3 xyoos) hauv tsev. Cov chav kawm hais lus nrog cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 2-3 xyoos
Thaum tus me nyuam muaj 2-3 xyoos tsis hais lus, niam txiv ceeb. Zoo li lawv hais tias yog cov neeg zej zog cov me nyuam hais lus zoo heev, ces lawv tus me nyuam tseem poob qis hauv kev loj hlob. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog. Cov kws kho hais lus hais tias txhua tus menyuam yog tus kheej. Cov menyuam uas tsis hais lus tuaj yeem qhia hauv tsev. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav kev tawm dag zog, cov lus qhia thiab kev ua kom yuam kev uas yuav pab kom koj tus menyuam nyiam
Dej rau menyuam yaus: yuav ua li cas xaiv dej rau tus menyuam, ntau npaum li cas thiab thaum twg muab dej rau tus menyuam, lus qhia los ntawm kws kho menyuam yaus thiab niam txiv tshuaj xyuas
Peb txhua tus paub tias tib neeg lub cev xav tau cov kua dej txhua hnub kom ua haujlwm zoo. Lub cev ntawm tus me nyuam muaj nws tus yam ntxwv, uas peb yuav xav txog nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm tsab xov xwm no. Cia peb sim seb nws puas tsim nyog muab dej rau tus menyuam
Chav kawm hais lus nrog cov menyuam hnub nyoog 3-4 xyoos: cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv. Cov lus hais ntawm tus menyuam muaj hnub nyoog 3-4 xyoos
Cov menyuam yaus kawm sib txuas lus nrog cov neeg laus thiab hais lus hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej, tab sis tsis yog ib txwm hais meej thiab muaj peev xwm ua tiav txawm tias muaj hnub nyoog tsib xyoos. Kev sib koom siab ntawm cov kws kho mob, tus kws kho mob hlwb thiab cov kws kho mob hais lus coincides: tus menyuam yuav tsum txwv tsis pub nkag mus rau hauv computer games thiab, yog tias ua tau, hloov lawv nrog kev ua si sab nraum zoov, cov ntaub ntawv qhia thiab kev kawm ua si: lotto, dominoes, mosaics, kos duab, qauv, kev siv, lwm d
Plaque ntawm tus nplaig ntawm tus menyuam mos: ua rau, txoj hauv kev los ntxuav tus nplaig ntawm tus menyuam, kev kho mob, lus qhia thiab cov lus pom zoo ntawm kws kho menyuam yaus
Ib tug niam hluas sim pom thawj cov tsos mob ntawm tus menyuam hauv nws tus menyuam, yog li nws saib ze ntawm txhua qhov crease thiab speck ntawm tus menyuam daim tawv nqaij. Ntau tus niam txiv tau ntsib nrog qhov tshwm sim zoo li lub tsho dawb ntawm tus nplaig ntawm tus menyuam. Feem ntau, qhov no suav hais tias yog tus qauv, tab sis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb uas koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob. Yam dab tsi yuav tsum tau xav txog? Vim li cas tus me nyuam thiaj li muaj xim dawb ntawm tus nplaig?
