Hnoos hawb pob hauv menyuam yaus: cov cim qhia, kev kho mob thiab kev tiv thaiv

2024 Tus sau: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-18 01:45

Ib lis piam dhau los, tus menyuam mob. Nws raug tsim txom los ntawm kub taub hau, hnoos, hnoos. Niaj hnub no nws tau zoo dua, tab sis nws niam tseem txhawj xeeb txog ib qho "tab sis". Yog vim li cas ho hnoos, es tsis txhob dhau, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, hnyav? Qhov no yog qhov hnoos hawb pib hauv menyuam yaus.

Tus kab mob txaus ntshai uas tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Wb tham txog cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob hnoos hawb pob hauv menyuam yaus, txoj hauv kev kho tus kab mob thiab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv uas yuav pab tiv thaiv tus menyuam thiab koj tus kheej.

Nyob zoo Pathogen

hnoos hawb pob hauv menyuam yaus yog tshwm sim los ntawm hnoos hawb pob. Nws yog ib qho immobile Gram-negative microbe uas tsim cov agglutinins.

Pertussis tsis ruaj khov hauv ib puag ncig. Tias yog vim li cas thaum lub sij hawm sau cov kev ntsuam xyuas, nws sowing yuav tsum tau ua tam sim ntawd tom qab muab cov khoom. Cov microbe yog rhiab heev rau cov teebmeem ntawm yuav luag txhua yam tshuaj tua kab mob, hluav taws xob ultraviolet, thiab ntau pawg tshuaj tua kab mob (levomycetin, tetracyclines, streptomycin).

hnoos hnoos tsis yog thaj chaw khi rau ib lub tebchaws twg. Nws yog dav faib thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov tshwm sim ntau dua hauv cov tebchaws uas cov menyuam tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. hnoos hawb pob tuaj yeem ua rau tus menyuam tuag. Qhov no tshwm sim li ntawm 0.6% ntawm cov neeg mob ntawm tag nrho cov neeg mob. Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 2 xyoos yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws.

Kev txhim kho mechanism

Cov microbe nkag mus rau hauv lub cev los ntawm cov mucous daim nyias nyias thiab xa impulses los ntawm cov hlab ntsha mus rau lub hlwb. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev khaus, tawm tsam spasmodic, convulsive, hnoos hnoos tshwm sim.

Tsis zoo li ntau lwm yam kab mob sib kis, kev tiv thaiv kab mob hnoos hawb pob tsis kis hauv tsev menyuam lossis los ntawm cov kua mis ntawm niam mus rau menyuam. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kab mob no tshwm sim txawm nyob rau hauv tus me nyuam mos.

Tom qab muaj kab mob, kev tiv thaiv tsis tu ncua yog tsim los rau cov kab mob, uas yuav ploj tag nrho hauv 12 xyoos.

Kev kho mob tshwm sim

Cov tsos mob ntawm hnoos hawb pob hauv tus menyuam yuav nyob ntawm ntau yam, xws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob mus rau lub hnub nyoog lossis lub xeev ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov crumbs. Cov uas raug tus kab mob no feem ntau yog cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 3 lub hlis, txij li thaum ua ntej hnub nyoog no lawv tsis tuaj yeem pib txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas.

Nws feem ntau yuav siv li ib lub lim tiam txij li lub sijhawm microbe nkag mus rau hauv lub cev kom txog thaum thawj cov tsos mob tshwm sim. Txawm hais tias qee zaum lub sijhawm incubation tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv mus txog 20 hnub.

Muaj peb theem ntawm tus kab mob: catarrhal, paroxysmal thiab rov zoo. Yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas lawv txhua tus.

Catarrhal theem

Nws lub sijhawm yog li 1-2 lub lis piam. Nyob rau theem no, nws tsis tuaj yeem hais tias tus menyuam muaj hnoos hawb pob. Tag nrho cov cim qhia ntawm tus kab mob thaum lub sij hawm catarrhal theem zoo ib yam li tus mob khaub thuas:

• nce me ntsis hauv qhov kub;
• teary;
• hnoos tsis muaj zog.

Kev ceeb toom ntawm tus kab mob pertussis tsuas yog ua tau yog tias tus menyuam niam txiv qhia kev tiv tauj nrog tus neeg mob hauv 2-3 lub lis piam dhau los.

Paroxysmal theem

Lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm theem no yog nyob rau hauv 2-4 lub lis piam. Tsuas yog qhov tshwj tsis yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos, uas nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag 2-3 lub hlis.

Thaum kawg ntawm theem dhau los, cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm hnoos hawb pob hauv cov menyuam yaus (hnoos) pib poob qis. Tam sim no nws tau muaj zog dua, kev tawm tsam tau dhau los ua ntau zaus thiab khaus. Txhua tus kws kho mob uas muaj kev paub txog menyuam yaus yuav txheeb xyuas tus mob hnoos hawb pob hauv tus menyuam sai li sai tau thaum lawv hnov mob tus yam ntxwv. Nws tuaj yeem piav raws li hauv qab no:

1. Thaum ib lub exhalation, ib tug series ntawm 5-10 muaj zog hnoos shocks rov qab.
2. Sudden thiab mob siab rau nqus pa nrog lub suab ntxhi (reprise).

Thaum lwm qhov hnoos hnoos, tus menyuam lub ntsej muag tig liab lossis xiav. Ntawm nwscov leeg o hauv caj dab, ob lub qhov muag protrude, tus nplaig hangs. Kev tawm tsam tuaj yeem ua raws ib leeg mus txog rau thaum tus menyuam hnoos qee qhov hnoos qeev uas thaiv txoj hlab pa. Muaj cov ntu ntu ntuav tom qab hnoos hnyav.

Cov kev tawm tsam no txaus ntshai heev rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 1 xyoos. Hauv cov crumbs, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau ua pa nres (apnea).

hnoos hawb pob hauv cov menyuam yaus (tus menyuam mos uas muaj mob tau qhia hauv daim duab saum toj no) kuj tseem nrog pw tsaug zog tsis zoo, tsis qab los noj mov, thiab poob phaus. Yog vim li cas qhov no yog tib yam hnoos hnoos, uas tsis yog tsuas yog tsim txom, tab sis kuj scares tus me nyuam heev.

Tseem ceeb kom nco qab! Qhov kub siab tshaj plaws rau tus mob hnoos hawb pob hauv tus menyuam yog 38 degrees. Yog tias qhov ntsuas ntawm tus ntsuas ntsuas kub siab tshaj qhov cim no, ces tus menyuam muaj kab mob sib txawv kiag li.

Nws feem ntau tshwm sim tias mob ntsws kuj tshwm sim thaum hnoos hawb pob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws nyuaj heev rau kev kuaj mob, thiab txawm tias cov kws kho mob tau ntsib nws lig dhau lawm. Hauv cov tshuaj, muaj ib lo lus tshwj xeeb "lub ntsws ntsiag to", uas yog hais txog tus mob no.

Nws yog thaum lub sijhawm paroxysmal uas qhov kev pheej hmoo loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim muaj ntau yam teeb meem.

rov qab theem

Qhov no yog theem kawg thaum tus kab mob thaum kawg pib ploj mus. Qhov nruab nrab, lub sijhawm rov zoo yuav kav li 1-2 lub lis piam. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub cev kub normalizes, hnoos tawm tsam tshwm sim tsawg thiab tsawg dua thiab ua tsis tshua muaj hnyav. ntuav thiab cem cem kuj ploj mus.

Tsuas yog yuav tso tseg sai sai nohnoos hawb pob nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mus txog rau ib xyoos thiab laus dua - hnoos, uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim txawm ntau lub hlis. Tab sis lawv tsis txaus ntshai rau tus menyuam thiab tsis yog paroxysmal nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev kis kab mob ua pa sab saud, hnoos tuaj yeem nce ntxiv.

Kev kuaj kab mob

Thawj qhov uas tus kws kho mob yuav ua yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov tsos mob uas cuam tshuam tus neeg mob. Tab sis qhov kev kuaj mob zaum kawg tuaj yeem tsim tau tsuas yog tom qab ob peb lub chaw kuaj mob serological. Cov no tuaj yeem yog:

1. kab lis kev cai kab mob los ntawm nasopharynx. Nyob rau theem catarrhal, txoj kev no yog cov ntaub ntawv tshaj plaws. Nws qhov tsis zoo yog tias cov txiaj ntsig yuav tsum tau xav hauv 5-7 hnub. Thaum mob hnoos hawb pob, qhov no yog lub sijhawm ntev heev.
2. suav ntshav kom tiav. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm tus kab mob, ESR yuav nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj, tab sis cov theem ntawm lymphocytes thiab leukocytes yuav nce. Tab sis nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov cim no tsuas yog qhia tias muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatory hauv lub cev, thiab tsis ncaj qha txog kev hnoos hawb pob.
3. PCR (polymerase saw cov tshuaj tiv thaiv). Kev tshuaj xyuas tau ua nyob rau ob peb hnub thiab pab txheeb xyuas tus kab mob ua rau tus kab mob.
4. RNGA (indirect hemagglutination reaction) thiab RPHA (direct hemagglutination reaction). Txoj kev tshawb no pab txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tus kab mob. Qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo qhia tias tsis muaj hnoos hawb pob. Zoo - lees paub qhov kev kuaj mob.
5. ELISA (ELISA). Tshawb xyuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb thiab lawv tus lej. Raws li nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm dhau los, qhov kev kuaj pom zoo qhia tau tias muaj tus kab mob.

Basic of treatment

Kev kho mob hnoos hawb pob hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 2 xyoos tsuas yog ua hauv tsev kho mob xwb. Lawv mus pw hauv tsev kho mob yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua txawm tias muaj mob hnoos hawb pob, tab sis qhov kev kuaj mob tseem tsis tau lees paub. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog vim tias tus kab mob hauv cov menyuam yaus loj hlob sai dua li cov neeg laus. Thiab nrog rau qhov pib ntawm theem thib ob, thawj qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm kev ua tsis taus pa thiab txawm tias ua pa nres tuaj yeem tshwm sim.

Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, kev mus pw hauv tsev kho mob tsuas yog tsim nyog rau cov kab mob nruab nrab thiab hnyav, lossis yog tias muaj cov cim tshwj xeeb.

Yog tsis tsim nyog mus pw hauv tsev kho mob, tus kws kho mob yuav qhia koj yuav ua li cas kho tus hnoos hawb pob hauv cov menyuam hauv tsev. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muab kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb tshaj plaws rau tus menyuam. Kev kho mob hnoos hawb pob nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau moistening tas li thiab qhov cua ntawm chav tsev. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj yog tias chav tsev tsis muaj teeb ci thiab lub suab nrov nrov.

Nrog rau theem mob me me, tsis tas yuav pw tsaug zog. Tiam sis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig rau tus menyuam siv sijhawm ntau hauv huab cua ntshiab. Raws li txoj cai, hnoos tawm tsam pib tsawg dua sab nraum zoov dua li sab hauv tsev. Kev ua si nruab nrab tsis txwv ib yam nkaus. Nws tsuas yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tseeb tias tus menyuam tsis ua haujlwm ntau dhau.

Tsis txhob yuam kom pub mis rau koj tus menyuam. Cia nws noj ntau npaum li nws xav tau. Cov zaub mov yuav tsum tau yooj yim digestible, tab sis tib lub sij hawm - khoom noj khoom haus thiab nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov vitamins. Yog hais tias hnoos tawm tsam nrog ntuav, ces nws zoo dua rau ib ntustsis nco qab txog kev noj zaub mov thiab muab zaub mov tom qab tus menyuam tshem nws caj pas.

Txo qhov hnoos kom haum yuav pab kom tus menyuam nyiam ib yam dab tsi nthuav. Nws tuaj yeem yog cov khoom ua si tshiab, phau ntawv xim, lub rooj sib tw ua si, tas luav, thiab lwm yam. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov niam txiv yog muab crumbs nrog cov kev xav zoo. Tej zaum txawm tso cai rau yam uas tau txwv yav dhau los (hauv qhov laj thawj, tau kawg).

kev kho mob

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tam sim ntawd tias tsis muaj qhov taw tes ntawm kev siv ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws tseem yog contraindicated siv cov kaus poom, mustard plasters thiab cov txheej txheem thermal, uas yuav tsuas ua kom muaj kev tawm tsam!

Yuav ua li cas kho tus hnoos hawb pob hauv cov menyuam hauv qhov no? Tsuas yog tus kws kho mob thiaj li yuav teb tau cov lus nug no.

Yog tias kuaj pom tus kab mob nyob rau theem catarrhal, tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yuav muab tshuaj tua kab mob los ntawm pawg macrolides lossis ampicillins. Tetracyclines kuj tseem siv tau los kho cov menyuam yaus. Hauv qhov no, cov chav kawm luv tshaj plaws thiab cov koob tshuaj nruab nrab raug xaiv.

Yog tus hnoos hawb pob tau tswj mus rau theem paroxysmal, yuav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob. Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev los piav txog qhov tshwm sim no. Qhov tseeb yog lub sijhawm no tsis muaj cov kab mob hauv lub cev, thiab hnoos tawm tsam tshwm sim vim qhov hnoos ntawm qhov chaw hnoos hauv lub hlwb.

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tshuaj psychotropic - neuroleptics tuaj yeem raug sau. Rau kev kho mob ntawm cov menyuam yaus, Droperidol lossis Aminazin feem ntau yog siv. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws coj lawv ua ntej pw vim lawv muaj cov nyhuv calming.kev ua. Hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav dua, nws tuaj yeem siv Relanium tranquilizer (qhov ncauj lossis intramuscularly).

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv me me ntawm hnoos hawb pob, kev siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua kom zoo. Nws tuaj yeem yog "Pipolfen" lossis "Suprastin". Hauv daim ntawv hnyav, lawv tau hloov los ntawm cov muaj zog glucocorticoids. Kev kho nrog cov tshuaj no kav ntev txog 7-10 hnub.

Ntxiv cov txheej txheem kho lub cev:

nqus tau nrog cov tshuaj uas txhim kho cov ntshav ncig hauv lub hlwb thiab tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm CNS hypoxia ("Vinpocetine", "Pentoxifylline");

• nqus pa kom nyias nyias ("Chymotrypsin", "Chymopsin");
• vitamin kho;
• kev ua kom lub cev muaj zog;
• ua pa ua pa;
• massage.

Kev kho mob hnoos hawb pob hauv tsev kho mob kuj suav nrog kev kho oxygen (oxygen saturation). Yog tias muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm cov teeb meem los ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb, cov tshuaj tau sau tseg uas txhim kho cov ntshav ncig hauv lub hlwb.

Muaj Teeb Meem

Thaum tsis muaj kev kho kom raug, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsim ntau yam teeb meem nce. Cov no tuaj yeem yog:

• laryngeal stenosis;
• asphyxia;
• hernia tsim;
• kab mob ntsws microbial;
• txhawj xeeb;
• ncephalopathy;
• qaug dab peg.

Qhov no yog vim li cas thiaj tseem ceeb mus ntsib kws kho mob kom sai, ua raws licov lus pom zoo thiab tsis kam mus pw hauv tsev kho mob yog tias qhov xwm txheej xav tau!

tiv thaiv kab mob

Kev tiv thaiv tus kab mob hnoos hawb pob hauv cov menyuam yaus muaj nyob rau hauv kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kho raws sijhawm. Hauv 80% ntawm cov neeg mob, qhov no lav kev tiv thaiv tag nrho ntawm tus kab mob. Hauv qhov seem 20%, qhov ua rau muaj mob tseem nyob, tab sis qhov no, tus kab mob yuav dhau mus rau hauv daim ntawv me me thiab tsis muaj kev phom sij rau tus menyuam.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hnoos hawb pob muaj nyob hauv DTP tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws cov ntsiab lus tseem suav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus thiab kab mob diphtheria. Raws li txoj cai, cov menyuam yaus raug txhaj tshuaj raws li lub sijhawm pom zoo los ntawm Ministry of He alth. Yog tias muaj tej yam qhia txog kev kho mob, koog tsev kawm ntawv tus kws kho mob yuav kos ib lub sij hawm rau tus me nyuam.

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hnoos hawb pob rau menyuam yaus yog ua tiav hauv 3 theem nrog kev so ntawm 1.5 lub hlis. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb sib npaug rau kev ua kom rov ua dua tshiab hauv ib xyoos, uas yuav "kho" qhov ua tiav. Tab sis tsis yog tag nrho! DTP tsis yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muab kev tiv thaiv kab mob mus ntev. Yog li ntawd, yav tom ntej, revaccination yuav tsum tau rov ua dua txhua 10 xyoo. Thiab qhov no siv tsis tau rau menyuam yaus xwb, tab sis kuj rau cov laus.

Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb kuj yuav tsum tau them rau lwm tus, tsis yog ntau txoj kev tiv thaiv - noj tshuaj tua kab mob. Rau lub hom phiaj no, "Erythromycin" yog siv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kev kis tus menyuam. Piv txwv li, yog tias nws tau ntsib nrog tus neeg mob hnoos hawb pob.

Txhawb txoj kev no thiab paub zoo hauv CIS lub teb chaws, Dr. Komarovsky. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias Evgeny Olegovich feem ntau uacategorically tawm tsam prophylactic tshuaj tua kab mob, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv nws ua ib qho kev zam. Tus kws kho mob paub tseeb tias noj "Erythromycin" txawm tias ua ntej thawj cov tsos mob tshwm sim tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm qaug dab peg. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj no suav hais tias muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov crumbs, vim nws tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub siab, cov hnyuv thiab lwm yam kabmob.

Thaum kawg, kuv xav rov qab hais dua tias lub luag haujlwm rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov menyuam yog nyob ntawm lawv niam lawv txiv nkaus xwb. Nws yog tus tom kawg uas txiav txim siab seb tus menyuam puas yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj. Ua ntej koj tsis kam lees lawv, nws tsim nyog xav txog ib qho ntsiab lus. Txog rau xyoo 1960, thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv DPT tau tsim, hnoos hawb pob yog tus kabmob thib ib uas ua rau menyuam mos tuag. Txij thaum ntawd los, ntau yam tau hloov pauv, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tuag tau qis dua 45 zaug. Puas muaj leej twg xav tau txhua yam rov qab?